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Tytuł:
A New Diminutive Wide-band MIMO Antenna with Frequency Agile Features for 4G and 5G Diverse Wireless Applications
Autorzy:
Mudda, Shivleela
K M, Gayathri
Mallikarjun, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311969.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
Diversity gain (DG)
Defective ground structure (DGS)
Fractional bandwidth (FBW)
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
INSAT
Frequency Reconfigurable antenna (FRA)
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO)
mutual coupling
isolation
5G
Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC)
Opis:
This paper demonstrates a low-profile, wide-band, two-element, frequency-reconfigurable MIMO antenna that is suitable for diverse wireless applications of 4G and 5G such as WLAN/Bluetooth (2.4–2.5 GHz), WLAN (2.4–2.484 GHz, 5.15– 5.35 GHz, and 5.725–5.825 GHz), WiMAX (3.3–3.69 GHz and 5.25–5.85 GHz), Sub6GHz band proposed for 5G (3.4–3.6 GHz, 3.6-3.8GHz and 4.4–4.99 GHz), INSAT and satellite X-band(6 to 9.6 GHz). Proposed MIMO favour effortless switching between multiple bands ranging from 2.2 to 9.4 GHz without causing any interference. Both antenna elements in a MIMO array are made up of a single module comprised of a slot-loaded patch and a defective structured ground. Two PIN diodes are placed in the preset position of the ground defect to achieve frequencyreconfigurable qualities. The suggested MIMO antenna has a size of 62 ×25 ×1.5 mm3. Previous reconfigurable MIMO designs improved isolation using a meander line resonator, faulty ground structures, or self-isolation approaches. To attain the isolation requirements of modern devices, stub approach is introduced in proposed design. Without use of stub, simulated isolation is 15dB. The addition of a stub improved isolation even more. At six resonances, measured isolation is greater than 18 dB, the computed correlation coefficient is below 0.0065, and diversity gain is over 9.8 dB.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 3; 439--448
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Improved EMD Method Based on Utilizing Certain Inflection Points in the Construction of Envelope Curves
Autorzy:
Kafil, Mohsen
Darabi, Kaveh
Ziaei-Rad, Saeed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31339815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
empirical mode decomposition
EMD
interpolation points
envelope curve
inflection points
rolling element bearing fault diagnosis
Opis:
The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm is widely used as an adaptive time-frequency analysis method to decompose nonlinear and non-stationary signals into sets of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). In the traditional EMD, the lower and upper envelopes should interpolate the minimum and maximum points of the signal, respectively. In this paper, an improved EMD method is proposed based on the new interpolation points, which are special inflection points (SIPn) of the signal. These points are identified in the signal and its first (n − 1) derivatives and are considered as auxiliary interpolation points in addition to the extrema. Therefore, the upper and lower envelopes should not only pass through the extrema but also these SIPn sets of points. By adding each set of SIPi (i = 1, 2, n) to the interpolation points, the frequency resolution of EMD is improved to a certain extent. The effectiveness of the proposed SIPn-EMD is validated by the decomposition of synthetic and experimental bearing vibration signals.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2023, 48, 3; 389-401
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detection and diagnosis of bearing defects using vibration signal processing
Autorzy:
Bouaouiche, Karim
Menasria, Yamina
Khalfa, Dalila
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27309892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
vibration signal
bearing
signal processing
envelope spectrum
fault frequency
sygnał wibracyjny
łożysko
przetwarzanie sygnałów
częstotliwość usterek
Opis:
This work presents an analysis of vibration signals for bearing defects using a proposed approach that includes several methods of signal processing. The goal of the approach is to efficiently divide the signal into two distinct components: a meticulously organized segment that contains relatively straightforward information, and an inherently disorganized segment that contains a wealth of intricately complex data. The separation of the two component is achieved by utilizing the weighted entropy index (WEI) and the SVMD algorithm. Information about the defects was extracted from the envelope spectrum of the ordered and disordered parts of the vibration signal. Upon applying the proposed approach to the bearing fault signals available in the Paderborn university database, a high amplitude peak can be observed in the outer ring fault frequency (45.9 Hz). Likewise, for the signals available in XJTU-SY, a peak is observed at the fault frequency (108.6 Hz).
Źródło:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2023, LXX, 3; 433--452
0004-0738
Pojawia się w:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Data Envelopment Analysis in Performance Auditing - Measurement of Efficiency
Autorzy:
Karliński, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2153750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
performance auditing
performance measurement
non-parametric methods
benchmarking
DEA
data envelope method
Opis:
One of the objectives of performance auditing is to examine and assess the efficiency of the audited processes, programmes and organisations. To this end, the ratio method is usually used (the relation between output and input). However, it is faulty and has several significant limitations. Simultaneously, more advanced analytical methods are often considered as too complicated. The author, apart from discussing the basic issues, including the definition of efficiency, focuses on the application of the so called non-parametric methods for assessing efficiency, especially the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. This method is known in academic circles, but it is also frequently applied in evaluation and benchmarking in business and in the public sector, and is recommended by various institutions and government agencies in many countries. Although the DEA is used by some audit institutions, it still seems to be not very common in auditing. In his article the author presents, in the most accessible manner possible, the idea of the DEA method, simple tools for its application and case studies.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2022, 67, 4 (405); 46-66
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnosis of multiple faults of an induction motor based on Hilbert envelope analysis
Autorzy:
Kabul, Ahmet
Ünsal, Abdurrahman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052085.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Hilbert envelope analysis
induction motor
multiple faults
Opis:
Three phase induction motors are widely used in industrial processes and condition monitoring of these motors is especially important. Broken rotor bars, eccentricity and bearing faults are the most common types of faults of induction motors. Stator current and/or vibration signals are mostly preferred for the monitoring and detection of these faults. Fourier Transform (FT) based detection methods analyse the characteristic harmonic components of stator current and vibration signals for feature extraction. Several types of simultaneous faults of induction motors may produce characteristic harmonic components at the same frequency (with varying amplitudes). Therefore, detection of multiple faults is more difficult than detection of a single fault with FT based diagnosis methods. This paper proposes an alternative approach to detect simultaneous multiple faults including broken rotor bars, static eccentricity and outer/inner-race bearing faults by analysing stator current and vibration signals. The proposed method uses Hilbert envelope analysis with a Normalized Least Mean Square (NLSM) adaptive filter. The results are experimentally verified under 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% load conditions.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2022, 29, 1; 191-205
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metoda obwiedni danych (DEA) w kontroli wykonania zadań - pomiar wydajności
Data Envelopment Analysis in Performance Auditing – Measurement of Efficiency
Autorzy:
Karliński, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2153752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
kontrola wykonania zadań
pomiar wydajności
metody nieparametryczne
benchmarking
DEA
metoda obwiedni danych
performance auditing
performance measurement
non-parametric methods
data envelope method
Opis:
Jednym z celów kontroli wykonania zadań jest badanie i ocena wydajności procesów, programów i organizacji. Stosowana zwykle w tym celu metoda wskaźnikowa (relacja wyników do nakładów) ma jednak wiele istotnych wad i ograniczeń. Z kolei bardziej zaawansowane metody analityczne są często uznawane za zbyt skomplikowane. Autor, poza omówieniem podstawowych kwestii, w tym dotyczących definicji wydajności, skupia się na zastosowaniu do badania wydajności tzw. metod nieparametrycznych, a w szczególności analizy obwiedni danych (DEA). Metoda jest znana od lat w środowisku akademickim, ale wykorzystuje się ją często również do ewaluacji i benchmarkingu w biznesie oraz w sektorze publicznym. Jakkolwiek DEA jest stosowana przez niektóre instytucje audytorskie, nadal wydaje się być zbyt mało popularna w audycie i kontroli. W artykule przedstawiono istotę metody DEA, proste narzędzia służące do jej realizacji oraz przykładowe zastosowanie.
One of the objectives of performance auditing is to examine and assess the efficiency of the audited processes, programmes and organisations. To this end, the ratio method is usually used (the relation between output and input). However, it is faulty and has several significant limitations. Simultaneously, more advanced analytical methods are often considered as too complicated. The author, apart from discussing the basic issues, including the definition of efficiency, focuses on the application of the so called non-parametric methods for assessing efficiency, especially the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. This method is known in academic circles, but it is also frequently applied in evaluation and benchmarking in business and in the public sector, and is recommended by various institutions and government agencies in many countries. Although the DEA is used by some audit institutions, it still seems to be not very common in auditing. In his article the author presents, in the most accessible manner possible, the idea of the DEA method, simple tools for its application and case studies.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2022, 67, 4 (405); 24-45
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Disc tool profiling for air compressor screws with complex characteristic curves
Autorzy:
Nguyen, Tuan-Linh
Hoang, Long
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833775.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
disk tool
meshing condition
undercutting
envelope
gearing
Opis:
One of the best practical methods to machine the air compressor screw pairs is milling or grinding by disc tools. The mathematics involved in disc tool profiling is quite complex and requires representing the machined surface by mathematical equations without any singular points and undercutting. From a technical perspective, this article proposes the disc tool profiling integrated solution for machining complex profile screws from their reverse engineering data, which contains crucial issues such as machining deviation evaluation due to undercutting, appropriate tool position setting. The disc tool surface designed by the proposed method is highly accurate, leading the RMS error of the machined surface is less than 0.0201 mm. A difference of the angle, formed by the disc tool axis and the workpiece axis, less than 0.16°, is acceptable in air compressor technology, which leads to a machined surface RMS deviation of less than 0.0186 mm.
Źródło:
Journal of Machine Engineering; 2021, 21, 3; 101--109
1895-7595
2391-8071
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Machine Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Orthogonal Harmonic Signals of the Generalized Class
Autorzy:
Balashov, Vitaliy
Oreshkov, Vasyl
Barba, Iryna
Iegupova, Olena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Fourier transformation
OFDM
orthogonal harmonic signals
orthogonality interval
signal envelope
Opis:
Telecommunications transmission technologies with OFDM rely on orthogonal harmonic signal (OHS) systems. The criteria applicable to synthesizing OHS systems of the generalized class, including both classical signals and signals whose duration exceeds the orthogonality interval, have been considered. The problems of minimizing the effective width of the spectrum of the generalized class OHS have been solved. Estimates of the efficiency of the generalized class OHS have been given.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 1; 64-70
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Orthogonal Harmonic Signals of the Generalized Class
Autorzy:
Balashov, Vitaliy
Oreshkov, Vasyl
Barba, Iryna
Iegupova, Olena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Fourier transformation
OFDM
orthogonal harmonic signals
orthogonality interval
signal envelope
Opis:
Telecommunications transmission technologies with OFDM rely on orthogonal harmonic signal (OHS) systems. The criteria applicable to synthesizing OHS systems of the generalized class, including both classical signals and signals whose duration exceeds the orthogonality interval, have been considered. The problems of minimizing the effective width of the spectrum of the generalized class OHS have been solved. Estimates of the efficiency of the generalized class OHS have been given.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 1; 64-70
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparisons of envelope morphological filtering methods and various regular algorithms for surface texture analysis
Autorzy:
Podulka, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220525.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
surface texture
surface topography measurement
envelope filter
morphological filtering
measurement errors
Opis:
In this paper both envelope approach and morphological filters for characterisation of surface textures were proposed, applied and thoroughly examined. Obtained results were compared with those received after appliance of commonly-used algorithms. The effect of appliance of proposed procedures on surface topography parameters (from ISO 25178 standard) was taken into consideration. The following types of surface textures were assessed: two-process plateau-honed cylinder liners, plateau-honed cylinder liners with additionally burnished dimples, turned piston skirts, grinded and/or isotropic topographies. It was assumed that envelope characteristics (envelope filtration) can provide results useful for assessments of deep and/or wide oil-reservoirs especially when they are edge located. Moreover, some near-valley areas of surface texture details can be less distorted when envelope filtering is accomplished. It was also found that closing and/or opening envelope filtration can be valuable for reduction of some surface topography measurement errors.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2020, 27, 2; 243-263
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimating technical, allocative and cost efficiencies and their socioeconomic drivers: A case of selected small-scale growers in Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Autorzy:
Bulagi, Mushoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1892143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-07-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
Data Envelope Analysis, Small-scale grower, Benchmarking, Sugarcane production, Agriculture efficiency, Truncated regression
Opis:
South African small-scale sugarcane growers are faced with high production costs that have an impact on agricultural efficiency and their ability to adopt  newly available technologies for production purposes. This study employed the Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) approach and Truncated regression model to analyse data collected from 160 growers. The findings reported technical, cost and allocative mean scores to be 95.6,% 55.2%, and 57.5% in the Felixton region whereas 95.2%, 69.1% and 72.6% were achieved in the Amatikulu area, respectively. The age, extension support, and off-farm income had a negative effect on agricultural efficiency followed by positive effect of experience, education, access to credit and employment that showed positive relationship. We propose government to work jointly with mill owners to train, develop extension officers and subsidise inputs and equipment to address the poor allocation of resources because of financial constraints currently faced by small-scale sugarcane growers.
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2020, 56, 2; 155-162
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
External wall technological solutions for carbon zero kindergartens in Italy
Autorzy:
Ciacci, Cecilia
Bazzocchi, Frida
Di Naso, Vincenzo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/31234004.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
external envelope
carbon-zero
sensitivity analysis
kindergartens
sustainability
Opis:
For the construction of a carbon zero kindergartens, it is necessary to choose a proper technological solution for the external wall and the material to be used for the insulation layer in the early stages of the design process. Furthermore, in the context of “2030 climate & energy framework” and “2050 low-carbon economy”, from the beginning of the building design, it is fundamental to try to identify the elements that significantly influence energy performance to reduce building energy needs. The main aim of the presented study is to analyse five different technological solutions for an external wall combined with four different materials for the insulation layer. The solutions will be used in a new typological model for a kindergarten and analysed and compared with respect to both environmental impact and energy performance. Results point out that all the technological solutions proposed are valid alternatives to build a carbon-zero kindergarten in Italy. Furthermore, for completeness, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to understand the influence on energy demand of different factors such as, for instance, the type of wall technological solution, the thickness of insulation for wall and roof and the type of solar shading considering different climate zones in Italy.
Źródło:
Innovations – Sustainability – Modernity – Openness. Energy; 45-65
9788366391291
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxonomy of Postal Indicia
Autorzy:
Oriekhova, Svetlana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1930494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
postage stamp
envelope
postal stationery
collectibles
philately
Opis:
Based on the study of the principles of classification and systematization of complex hierarchically subordinated objects of philately, the author proposed a taxonomy of postage stamps. Where taxonomic units are postage stamps, postal stationery, postage stamps, and franking machines, all that is directly related to the activities of the postal service and its products. The study is based on the study of the purpose of postage stamps of the world in 1840-2020 as an expression of public policy towards the development of national postal services, which play an important role in the process of state formation. Accordingly, the history of the postage stamp appears as a narrative about the visualization of the history and culture of each issuing state, a member of the Universal Postal Union. It is proved that the information capabilities of postage stamps are due to their belonging to the monetary system of the state, are political and economic documents, a source of study of economic and political history, material and spiritual culture. Comprehensive research of elements of postcards as well as envelopes allows establishing the time and place, reasons and circumstances of their creation, the history of technological operation over a while, the level of artistic culture, development of technologies and methods of manufacture. Proofs of calendar postmarks on stamps and envelopes are a source that allows to track technical and technological improvements in certain activities in the field of postal services. It is concluded that the analytical study of catalogued postage stamps is defined as a world philatelic heritage.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2020, 2(26); 164-182
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural reliability analysis based on fuzzy random uncertainty
Analiza niezawodności strukturalnej w oparciu o rozmytą niepewność losową
Autorzy:
You, Lingfei
Zhang, Jianguo
Li, Qiao
Ye, Nan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/301548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
fuzzy random uncertainty
approximation method
envelope distribution
structure
cut level
rozmyta niepewność losowa
metoda aproksymacji
rozkład obwiedni
struktura
poziom cięcia
Opis:
To address the fuzzy random uncertainty in structural reliability analysis, a novel method for obtaining the membership function of fuzzy reliability is proposed on the two orders four central moments (TOFM) method based on envelope distribution. At each cut level, the envelope distribution is first constructed, which is a new expression to describe the bound of the fuzzy random variable distribution. The central moments of the bound distribution are determined by generating samples from the envelope distribution, and they are used to calculate the central moments of the limit state function based on the first two orders of the Taylor expansion. Thereafter, the modern approximation method is used to approximate the polynomial expression for the limit state function probability density function (PDF) by considering the central moments as constraint conditions. Thus, the reliability boundaries can be calculated under the considered cut level, and the membership function of the fuzzy reliability is subsequently obtained. Three examples are evaluated to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Moreover, a comparison is made between the proposed method, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method, and fuzzy first-order reliability method (FFORM). The results show the superiority of the proposed method, which is feasible for the analysis of structural reliability with fuzzy randomness.
W pracy przedstawiono metodę, która pozwala na uwzględnienie rozmytej niepewności losowej w strukturalnej analizie niezawodności. Zaproponowana metoda określania funkcji przynależności niezawodności rozmytej wykorzystuje cztery momenty centralne dwóch rzędów czy czwarte momenty centralne drugiego rzędu obliczane w oparciu o rozkład obwiedni. Dla każdego poziomu cięcia, najpierw konstruuje się rozkład prawdopodobieństwa obwiedni, za pomocą którego opisuje się granice rozkładu rozmytych zmiennych losowych, a momenty centralne rozkładu ograniczonego wyznacza się poprzez generowanie prób z rozkładu obwiedni. Następnie, stosując nowoczesną metodę optymalnej aproksymacji, otrzymuje się aproksymowane wyrażenie wielomianowe funkcji gęstości prawdopodobieństwa rozkładu obwiedni, gdzie momenty centralne stanowią warunki ograniczające, które pozwalają aproksymować niezawodność za pomocą rozwinięcia Taylora drugiego rzędu funkcji stanu granicznego. W ten sposób granice niezawodności oblicza się na rozważanym poziomie cięcia, a następnie otrzymuje się funkcję przynależności niezawodności rozmytej. W artykule przeanalizowano trzy przykłady, na podstawie których wykazano skuteczność i trafność proponowanej metody. Przeprowadzono także porównanie z metodą symulacji Monte Carlo oraz metodą analizy rozmytej niezawodności pierwszego rzędu. Wyniki wskazują na wyższość omawianej metody, która pozwala analizować niezawodność strukturalną w warunkach losowości rozmytej.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2019, 21, 4; 599-609
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Systemy budownictwa z drewna księżycowego
Autorzy:
Kownacki, Dominik
Błaszczyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/162108.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polski Związek Inżynierów i Techników Budownictwa
Tematy:
drewno księżycowe
system budownictwa
Holz100
drewno lite
właściwości
przegroda zewnętrzna
współczynnik przenikania ciepła
izolacyjność akustyczna
moon wood
building system
solid wood
properties
building envelope
heat transfer coefficient
sound insulation characteristics
Opis:
W pracy opisane zostały dostępne systemy produkcji drewna litego wraz z przykładami ich zastosowania. Na podstawie systemu drewna litego, księżycowego, łączonego na kołki, Holz100 firmy Ing. Erwin Thoma Holz GmbH, przedstawiono parametry możliwe do uzyskania decydujące o wykorzystaniu tego materiału do budowy budynków zrównoważonych o możliwie najniższych parametrach termicznych.
Źródło:
Przegląd Budowlany; 2019, 90, 10; 110-114
0033-2038
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Budowlany
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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