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Wyszukujesz frazę "engagement," wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
Zarzadzanie kapitalem ludzkim a zaangazowanie pracowników
Autorzy:
Juchnowicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-06-15
Wydawca:
Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych
Tematy:
EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENT INDEX
HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL ENGAGEMENT
Opis:
Poziom zaangażowania pracowników stanowi miernik skuteczności zarządzania kapitałem ludzkim. Jego przeciętna wysokość w polskiej praktyce jest dowodem wysokiej jakości praktyk HR. Jednak zróżnicowanie świadczy o polaryzacji standardów w tym obszarze. Jest także dowodem istotnych rezerw w dziedzinie zaangażowania organizacyjnego pracowników. Wyniki analizy czynników, które determinują jego poziom, wskazują obszary wymagające wzmocnienia działań ze strony menedżerów i specjalistów zarządzania kapitałem ludzkim.
Employee engagement level is the measure of the effectiveness of human capital management. Its average value in Polish practice is evidence of the high quality of HR practices. However, its differentiation provides evidence of a polarization of standards in this area. It is also proof of significant reserves in the area of employee organizational engagement. The results of an analysis of factors that determine its level show areas that require intensification of activities on the part of managers and human capital management specialists.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi; 2010, 3-4(74-75); 57-66
1641-0874
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic engagement in second language computer-mediated collaborative writing tasks: Does communication mode matter?
Autorzy:
Aubrey, Scott
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2051499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
dynamic engagement
affective engagement
cognitive engagement
computer-mediated tasks
collaborative writing
Opis:
This study takes a dynamic approach to investigating engagement, examining fluctuations in cognitive-affective variables at regular time intervals during online collaborative second language (L2) writing tasks. Using online conference software and online editing software, 16 university students who use English as an L2, completed two collaborative problem-solution L2 writing tasks in two communication modes: video-chat and text-chat. After each task, learners viewed videos of their performances in 12 three-minute segments and were asked to rate their engagement on two scales (interest, focus). They were then interviewed about their attributions for fluctuations in their ratings. Group-level analysis revealed that learners experienced significantly higher focus and interest during tasks performed in video-chat mode than text-chat mode. This was contrasted with an analysis from a dynamic perspective, which produced a more nuanced picture of individual engagement trajectories during the tasks. Dynamic patterns of engagement fell into either moderately steady, increasing, decreasing, or rollercoaster pattern categories. A content analysis of 32 interviews revealed four factors that accounted for changes in engagement during tasks: task design (e.g., task familiarity), task process (e.g., instances of collaboration), task condition (e.g., communication mode), and learner factors (e.g., perceptions of proficiency).
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2022, 12, 1; 59-86
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
AKTYWNOŚĆ OBYWATELSKA NA POZIOMIE LOKALNYM I JEJ DETERMINANTY (NA PRZYKŁADZIE KRAKOWA)
CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL AND ITS DETERMINANTS (THE EXAMPLE OF KRAKOW)
Autorzy:
Łabędź, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
local civic engagement,
civic participation,
spontaneous civic engagement,
determinants of local civic engagement.
Opis:
The text presents the civil engagement of the inhabitants of Krakow, as a place that should promote a relatively high level of engagement, against the background of the low level of civil engagement across the entire country. As a result of the analysis of some of the signs of this engagement related to the system of representation, engagement of a participative character, and engagement defined as spontaneous, it has been established however, that while there are a great deal of initiatives, the number of inhabitants participating in them does not justify the conclusion that the engagement is higher than that observed across the country. The reasons for such a state of affairs include, inter alia, the politicization of the local matters, the manner of approach on the part of the local authorities and self-government administration, but above all, a lack of interest on the part of the inhabitants, resulting from the weakness of the social capital and the existing institutional opportunities for fulfilling relevant needs. The predominant motivation with regard to taking up the engagement is a threat to one’s own interest and the predominant form is by signing petitions and appeals.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2016, 14, 4; 19-35 (17)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teacher Engagement in Poland: Research Contexts and Support Tool Proposals
Autorzy:
Świętek, Agnieszka
Osuch, Wiktor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2107168.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
burnout
Engagement & Beyond
engagement in work
entrepreneurship
Opis:
In the process of the effective management of business enterprises and educational institutions, in addition to other factors affecting their success, the involvement of leaders and employees proves to be the critical issue. Enterprises incur a considerable expenditure of time and work on managing and increasing the commitment of their employees, as opposed to the education sector. Effective school management and teacher involvement have a considerable impact on the quality of teachers’ work, and this affects the level of education and upbringing of students. The authors of the study describe the involvement of the work of teachers in four contexts: their professional development, professional advancement system, burnout processes, and the assessment of the effectiveness of their work based their students’ learning. Cooperation within the international Engagement & Beyond project, aiming at developing a practical tool for school management, facilitates the process of understanding the main mechanisms of teacher engagement. The system will automatically adjust the tools for measuring and raising the level of teacher involvement, taking the form both of detailed surveys developed by psychologists and human resource specialists, and materials prepared at the diagnosed motivation level of each participant. School management will be able then to diagnose the level of involvement of employees and create an action plan appropriate to needs at both personal and organisational levels.
Źródło:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja; 2020, 16, 2; 25-37
2083-3296
2449-9048
Pojawia się w:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polish adaptation of the engagement in meaningful activities survey (EMAS)
Autorzy:
Bożek, Agnieszka
Tokarz, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-08
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
engagement
meaningful activities
Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey
Opis:
This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey (EMAS; B. Goldberg, Brintnell, & J. Goldberg), which measures engagement in meaningful activities, understood as activities that serve a purpose significant from a personal or cultural perspective. We present definitions of key concepts, previous research related to the survey, and preliminary research on the Polish version of the survey. The study was conducted on a sample of 237 individuals: employees of cultural institutions, care associations, and corporations as well as teachers working in special schools and high schools. The results indicate a high reliability of the tool (Cronbach’s α = .88). They also reveal relations between engagement in meaningful activities and variables such as meaningfulness of work (r = .65) and job satisfaction (r = .65), and differences across professions in the level of engagement in meaningful activities.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2017, 20, 4; 913-929
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zarządzanie zaangażowaniem w pracę w świetle teorii wymagań i zasobów pracy
The Job Demands-Resources Theory as a theoretical framework of work engagement management
Autorzy:
Kulikowski, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/420110.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
job demands
job resources
work engagement
engagement management
Opis:
The Job Demands-Resources Theory (JD-R) is a heuristic theory that explains the work engagement and exhaustion by job resources and job demands interaction. The purpose of this article is to use the JD-R as a theoretical framework of work engagement management concept. In the first part of the article the concept of work engagement is presented. The second section explains the theoretical assumption of JD-R. In the third part, the concept of work engagement management is introduced. Work engagement management concept integrates planning, measurement and active modification of job resources and demands, which should lead to the development of work engagement among employees. The conclusion sets out the possible consequences of theoretical and practical application of the proposed concept and points up its limitations.
Źródło:
Nauki o Zarządzaniu; 2015, 3 (24); 80-90
2080-6000
Pojawia się w:
Nauki o Zarządzaniu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instructors’ Engagement or Non-Engagement in Research: Towards Construct Development
Autorzy:
Celesio, Gilbert A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963659.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
research engagement
research non-engagement
exploratory factor analysis
Opis:
Teaching, community involvement, and conducting research are the three functions of higher education institutions (HEIs). This exploration aims to develop constructs of instructors’ engagement or non-engagement in research as basis for developing a training framework. This study employed exploratory factor analysis. Eighty-four (84) instructors answered the questionnaires. The findings revealed four (4) factors of instructors’ research engagement: administrative support, recognition and promotion, motivation, and institutional requirement. It further showed instructors’ non-engagement in research could be due to four (4) factors such as time constraints, lack of experience and training, financial limitation, and lack of motivation. The scales have copious sampling adequacy and a high level of reliability. The instruments can be useful in assessing the level of instructors’ engagement and non-engagement in research.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2020, 62; 157-171
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Religious Determinants of Socio-Political Openness of Young Silesians in Poland
Autorzy:
Turska-Kawa, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1991341.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
religiosity in Poland
religious engagement
community engagement
young Silesians
Opis:
The aim of the presented study was to diagnose the role of religious engagement in the social attitudes of young Silesians, operationalized on the continuum of closeness vs. openness in three areas: (1) community engagement, (2) approval for religion’s interference in the public space, and (3) accepting Catholic Church hierarchs’ views on problems such as euthanasia, artificial contraception, homosexual relationships and in vitro fertilization. The group defined in the presented study is young (age: 16-19) Silesians from Śląskie (Silesian) Province, for whom religion is one of the fundamental values and is regarded by scholars as the core of their identity (N=567). The results of the study confirm that religious engagement is a significant predictor of a closed social attitude in two out of three areas proposed in the model. Higher religious engagement promotes the desire to incorporate the approved religious principles into the secular space. Religious engagement is also a significant predictor of acceptance of Catholic Church hierarchs’ views on underlined problems. The analysis did not show any significant relationships between religious engagement in community engagement of young Silesians.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2020, 1 (49); 85-100
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Flaubert et la caricature : l’exigence de la modernité
Flaubert and caricature: the demand for modernity
Autorzy:
Poyet, Thierry
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038082.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Wydawnictwo Werset
Tematy:
Flaubert
réalisme
engagement
modernité littéraire
realism
writer engagement
literary modernity
Opis:
Quelquefois caricaturé par ses contemporains, Flaubert suscite les réactions dans l'outrance, lui qui ose dans sa Correspondance abonder dans la caricature selon ses humeurs et ses opinions en excellant dans l'hyperbole et l ’emphase. Un mot de son cru le résume : « hénaurrrme ». Au demeurant, ses personnages les plus mémorables sont des caricatures : de l'amour avec Emma, de la bêtise avec Bouvard et Pécuchet, de la bonté avec Félicité d'Un Cœur simple… Dans la fabrique flaubertienne, l'incarnation est intrinsèquement liée à la déformation, elle-même dégradée en parodie. Car la caricature chez Flaubert est partie prenante d'une pensée nihiliste : le romancier participe d'une déconstruction généralisée de la société bourgeoise par une caricature évidemment politique même si l'écrivain se défend d ’utiliser l'œuvre comme une tribune, au nom de l'autotélisme de l'art. Au fond, c'est la modernité de Flaubert qui justifie le goût et l'usage de la caricature.
Caricatured at times by his contemporaries, Flaubert provokes extreme reactions. In his Correspondence, he dares to present a plethora of caricatures which suit his moods and his opinions, excelling in hyperbole and emphasis. A word of his own summed it up: « hénaurrrme ». Besides, his most memorable characters are caricatures: Emma – of love, Bouvard and Pécuchet – of stupidity, Félicité of Un cœur simple – of kindness. In Flaubert’s factory, the incarnation is intrinsically linked to deformation, itself degraded into a parody. Because the caricature in Flaubert is part of a nihilistic thought: the novelist participates in a general deconstruction of bourgeois society by an obviously political caricature even if the writer refrains from using the work as a platform, in the name of “autotelism” of art. Basically, it is Flaubert’s modernity that justifies his taste and the use of caricature.
Źródło:
Quêtes littéraires; 2020, 10; 66-77
2084-8099
2657-487X
Pojawia się w:
Quêtes littéraires
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Subjective and contextual determinants of engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties
Autorzy:
Bożek, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128985.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
engagement in action
beyond-duties engagement
self-efficacy
action meaningfulness
Opis:
The objectives of the study were to recognize the main motives for engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties among various professional groups and to identify selected properties of the subject and context of activities that contribute to such beyond-duties engagement. A set of questionnaires in electronic or paper form was completed by 209 employees, including 104 representatives of assistance professions and 95 representatives of creative professions, aged between 21 and 67 years (M = 37.54, SD = 9.55). It was established that the main motives for beyondduties engagement in both groups of professionals under study were self-actualization and acting for the benefit of others. With the use of structural equation modelling, subjective and contextual determinants of engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties were identified as self-efficacy and action meaningfulness. The research discusses the phenomenon of engagement in extra activities at work from the perspective of the acting person/employee. The study results can be useful for managers in setting goals of appropriate type and manner to their employees as well as for task assignment.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2020, 51, 4; 249-259
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zaangażowanie społeczne pracowników
Social Engagement of Employees
Autorzy:
Bukowska, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194972.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
employee engagement
social engagement
employee volunteering
wolontariat pracowniczy
zaangażowanie
zaangażowanie społeczne
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest określenie stopnia powszechności, sposobów wyrażania oraz skutków zaangażowania społecznego pracowników. Pracownicy angażować się mogą nie tylko w pracę, ale też w funkcjonowanie organizacji. Wskazuje się też na zaangażowanie społeczne, które w przedsiębiorstwie wdrażającym ideę CSR jest przejawem zaangażowania organizacyjnego. Najczęściej wyrażane jest ono za pomocą wolontariatu pracowniczego. Wolontariat ten może przybierać różne formy i rodzaje. Korzyści wynikające z zaangażowania społecznego mają wymiar jednostkowy, organizacyjny oraz społeczny. Zaangażowanie to może być jednak negatywnie postrzegane, np. z powodu ewentualności zaburzenia równowagi praca–życie.
The aim of the article is to determine the degree of universality, ways of expression and the benefits of social engagement of employees. Employees can get involved not only in work but also in the functioning of the organization. The social engagement is the organizational engagement in case of the enterprise implementing the concept of CSR. Most often it is expressed as employee volunteering. The volunteering can have many forms and types. The benefits of social engagement have the individual, organizational and social dimension.
Źródło:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów; 2016, 39, 1; 41-54
1734-087X
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The measurement of state engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties
Autorzy:
Bożek, Agnieszka
Malinowska, Diana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
engagement in actions
beyond-duties engagement
state work engagement
multilevel factor analysis
psychological measurement
daily diary study
Opis:
BackgroundThe goal of this paper is to present the phenomenon of engagement in actions that go beyond basic professional duties, and the factor structure and other psychometric properties of the daily measurements of this construct, which corresponds with the growing interest of researchers in the phenomenon of employee engagement, extra-role behaviors and the factors that affect them on a daily basis.Material and MethodsThe research was carried out among 62 full-time or part-time working students of the humanities and social sciences (79% of whom were female), using a 5-day on-line daily survey. The main measure was a modified Polish version of the 9-item questionnaire consistent with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), which was prepared on the basis of the adaptation of the State Work Engagement (SWE) questionnaire proposed by Breevaart et al. (2012) to measure daily work engagement.ResultsThe obtained results have shown that the adapted version of the SWE questionnaire is a reliable and valid measure which can be used to measure daily fluctuations in beyond-duties engagement. The 3-factor multilevel model has a satisfactory fit.ConclusionsThe study contributes to the current body of literature by examining state engagement in actions that go beyond basic professional duties and the validity of its measurement. It also shows that giving employees more autonomy and feedback may positively influence their beyond-duties engagement.
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2020, 71, 2; 127-136
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
HARNESSING TECHNOLOGY TO ASSESS ORAL COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS ENGLISH
Autorzy:
Levy, Tal
Gertler, Hedy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
large classes
technology
engagement
Opis:
Assessing oral skills in relatively large Business English classes seems a most formidable task for any teacher. How does one make sure to get multiple and valid assessments of each student? This action research paper provides supporting evidence for the correlation between the use of technology and students’ engagement. This was achieved by creating and implementing a course which aims at motivating, promoting and assessing oral communication skills. Students are required to use various channels, including video recordings to demonstrate their communication abilities. This framework enables students and instructors alike to overcome the challenges of large classes.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2015, 15, 4; 52-59
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do we all agree on how to measure work engagement? Factorial validity of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale as a standard measurement tool – A literature review
Autorzy:
Kulikowski, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-03-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
measurements
work engagement
factorial validity
CFA
UWES
Utrecht Work Engagement Scale
Opis:
Work engagement as a predictor of health is an emerging concept in occupational science and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) is the most popular work engagement measurement tool. However, despite its popularity, the UWES is not free from controversy concerning its factorial validity. In this paper, 21 research studies on both UWES-9 and UWES-17 factorial validity within the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach have been reviewed in order to answer the question as to which of the UWES factorial structures displays greater validity. The originally proposed threefactor structure of the UWES has been recognized as superior in 6 studies. In further 6 studies, the UWES structure with 1 general factor has been found to be superior. In 8 studies, the authors have concluded that the one- and three-factor structures could be considered equivalent. One study has failed to confirm either the one- or three-factor structure of the UWES. These ambiguous results from studies focusing on the UWES factorial validity are puzzling because they not only indicate a lack of validity for the UWES as a measurement tool but might also challenge the whole concept of work engagement as a three-factor structure of dedication, vigor and absorption. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(2):161–175
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2017, 30, 2; 161-175
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza wpływu wykorzystania mechanizmów grywalizacyjnych w praktykach menedżerów sprzedaży
Analysis of the influence of gamification elements in sales managers internship
Autorzy:
Rachwalska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/452161.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
gamification
employee engagement
engagement
commitment
motivation
grywalizacja
gamifikacja
zaangażowanie pracowników zaangażowanie
motywacja
Opis:
The purpose of this publication is to present example of using gaming mechanism in practice program created for sales managers in insurance company. Final result analysis and questionnaires at the end of each group showed that there are important differences in final effect between module which had only one gaming mechanism and module with many gaming mechanisms at the same time. The more gamified module resulted the better final rating. During evaluation by NPS (Net Promoter Score) method, employees pointed out gamified modules are much more attractive despite off bigger difficulties and time limits. They were choosing gamified modules as the best, much more often than the others.
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję wykorzystania wybranych mechanizmów grywalizacyjnych w praktykach zaprojektowanych dla menedżerów sprzedaży. Analiza wyników końcowych menedżerów oraz ankiet przeprowadzonych po zakończeniu praktyk wykazały istnienie istotnych różnic pomiędzy rozwiązaniami, w których zastosowano jednocześnie kilka mechanizmów grywalizacyjnych, a tymi, w których pojawił się tylko jeden lub żaden. Moduły, w których wykorzystano więcej niż jeden element grywalizacyjny, uzyskały lepsze wyniki końcowe. Podczas oceny metodologią NPS (Net Promoter Score) moduły zostały ocenione jako atrakcyjniejsze mimo trudności i ograniczeń czasowych oraz częściej wskazywano je jako najlepsze.
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2018, 39, 4; 231-240
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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