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Tytuł:
Assessment of two condensation particle counters (CPCs) in photometric mode for high concentration exhaust emission measurements
Autorzy:
Giechaskiel, Barouch
Melas, Anastasios
Mamakos, Athanasios
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
PEMS
PTI
CPC
PNC
portable emission measurement system
periodic technical inspection
condensation particle counter
particle number counter
single counting mode
photometric mode
przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
okresowe badania techniczne
kondensacyjny analizator cząstek stałych
licznik cząstek stałych
tryb pojedynczego zliczania
tryb fotometryczny
Opis:
Condensation particle counters (CPCs) use light scattering to count particles after they have grown to micron size in a supersaturated environment. In single counting mode each particle is counted depending on whether the scattered light exceeds a threshold value or not. In photometric mode the total scattered light is converted in particle number concentration. While for laboratory grade particle number systems, CPCs are allowed to operate only in single counting mode, there is no such requirements for portable emissions measurements systems (PEMS) for real-driving emissions (RDE) testing or for instruments for periodic technical inspection (PTI) of vehicles. In this study two CPCs of the same model were assessed in single counting and photometric modes with silver and graphite particles with sizes ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm. The results showed that the concentration was measured accurately enough for particles in the 25 nm to 50 nm size range, but was underestimated and overestimated for smaller and larger particles, respectively. The key message is that the photometric mode should be avoided or calibrated in function of concentration and particle size.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 15--23
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Real-time emissions of gaseous pollutants from vehicles under heterogeneous traffic conditions
Autorzy:
Goyal, Yuvraj
Meena, Sanu
Singh, Suresh Kumar
Kulshrestha, Mukul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
real-world driving emissions
portable emission measurement system
heterogeneous traffic condition
rzeczywiste emisje podczas jazdy
przenośny system pomiaru emisji
niejednorodne warunki ruchu drogowego
Opis:
Air quality problems in cities are often a cause for worry. The air quality index is increasing daily, leading to an increase in cancer and many respiratory problems. Road transport in an urban area is a significant cause of air pollution. The vehicles must meet Indian emission regulations for which the emissions are measured using legally mandated standard driving cycles that did not accurately reflect real-world driving emissions because of varying traffic conditions, meteorological conditions, driving behaviour, vehicle power, performance, etc. This study focuses on real-time emissions of gaseous pollutants hydrocarbon (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO) from vehicle exhaust pipes under heterogeneous traffic conditions. The emissions were measured using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS). The PEMS used was an AVL MDS 450 analyser mounted on the vehicle, and onroad emissions were captured. The test sample consists of four passenger vehicles with varying engine sizes, manufacturers, and fuel. The test route comprises city and highway areas, and it was discovered that the emissions were reduced by 40 to 70% on highways compared to the city. In petrol BSIV and BSVI engines, the emission was reduced to 41.73% for CO, 46.90% for HC, and 64% for NO in the city area. Speed and emissions scatter graphs were plotted for the vehicles, and it was found that in the city area, the optimum speed for less emission is between 30-40 km/h, and on highways, the optimum speed is 80-90 km/h. The emissions were also sensitive to the rate and frequency of acceleration and decelerations. This type of study is very limited in India, and more such studies are required for the assessment of air quality in metropolitan areas and successful traffic management strategies, as well as for determining instantaneous projections of pollutant emissions.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2023, 118; 55--75
0209-3324
2450-1549
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of Toxicity Indexes in Reference to Carbon Dioxide for a Vehicle Equipped with a Two-Stroke Engine without an Exhaust Aftertreatment System
Autorzy:
Rymaniak, Łukasz
Ziętara, Bartosz
Szymlet, Natalia
Kołodziejek, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
moped
PEMS
portable emission measurement system
toxicity index
exhaust emission
real driving conditions
Opis:
Research work on the new assessment of environmental indicators using equipment from the PEMS group (Portable Emission Measurement Systems) with motor vehicles is being developed. Due to the miniaturization of equipment, there are new measurement possibilities for more and more numerous groups of vehicles, including two-wheelers. The article presents the research and a summary of the results of a moped equipped with a two-stroke engine, approved in accordance with the Euro 3 standard. The research object is mainly used for driving in urban traffic. Therefore, the research route was created as the first communication frame in the Poznań agglomeration. In the analysis of the results, the author’s M toxicity index was proposed, which is based on the assumption that CO2 emission is a measure of the correctness of the combustion process. The equipment from the PEMS-AxionR/S+ group, characterized by small dimensions and low weight, was used to determine the actual motion parameters and the emission of toxic compounds. In the analysis of the measurement results, dimensionless indicators of toxicity M of gaseous compounds were determined and a comparative analysis was made with the values of other objects obtained in the course of previous research (motorcycle, passenger car, off-road vehicle, hybrid bus and agricultural tractor). Due to the engine design (two-stroke type), the worst environmental indicators were obtained for CO and HC compared to other tested vehicles.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 4; 228--236
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of emissions and fuel consumption from forklifts by location of operation
Autorzy:
Ziółkowski, Andrzej
Fuć, Paweł
Jagielski, Aleks
Bednarek, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
forklifts
portable emission measurement system
PEMS
exhaust emission
fuel consumption
wózki widłowe
przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
emisja spalin
zużycie paliwa
Opis:
The share of road transport accounts for more than 85% of the total structure of freight transportation. In this process, mainly motor vehicles are used to carry out the freight work. In addition to them, forklifts are also used, whose task is to load and unload goods. These vehicles are categorized as NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery). Forklift trucks have internal combustion or electric drive. The paper presents an analysis of the emission of pollutants and fuel consumption from forklift trucks equipped with diesel and LPG power. The study uses the author's test taking into account the raising/lowering of a pallet, a loaded and unloaded run. The measurements were made in the warehouse and outside the warehouse using the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment. The aim was to show the influence of loading conditions on the emission of pollutants and fuel consumption.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 30--35
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of vehicle emissions at roundabouts: a comparative study of PEMS data and microscale emission model
Autorzy:
Madziel, Maksymilian
Campisi, Tiziana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
vehicle emissions
roundabouts
emission modeling
Portable Emission Measurement System
PEMS
transport system
private transport
emisja zanieczyszczeń
rondo
badania emisji zanieczyszczeń
system transportowy
transport prywatny
Opis:
Energy efficiency has a central role to play in achieving decarbonisation targets in the transport system by changing the demand for mobility (eg. by influencing on peoples behaviors) and improving the performance of the fleet. In recent years there has been an increase of use of private transport, partly due to the recent pandemic and the reduced choice of public transport. People's travel habits have changed in frequency and motivation due to the reduced number of seats on public transport, due to social distancing but also due to online education and teleworking. This increase of use private cars has led to an increase in environmental emissions as a result of the high proportion of vehicles with combustion engines in urban areas. The highest concentrations have been recorded at road intersections and in particular at roundabout configurations where there is a higher number of stop-and-go's overall. The increasing importance of air pollution from vehicle traffic has suggested that environmental considerations should be added to these aspects as a criterion for intersection design. Several studies in the literature analyze the environmental emissions generated by vehicle traffic using different methods such as on-site recording, mathematical modeling of dispersion phenomena, micro-simulation of vehicle traffic, use of appropriately equipped vehicles with sensors. This paper presents a comparison between the results obtained from the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) and the results obtained from the VERSIT+ emission model. Specifically, using a Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) installed on a series of test cars, instantaneous CO2 and NOX emissions were measured on repeated trips along two-lane roundabout intersections. The study was carried out by examining a selected two-lane roundabout in the city of Rzeszow (Poland) using 9 different vehicles fueled by petrol, diesel, and LPG. The results show that the investigated VERSIT+ emission model used led to an inaccuracies in the calculation of CO2 and NOx emissions. Furthermore, current micro-scale emission models may not estimate emissions of harmful exhaust components with sufficient accuracy due to the specificities of roundabout driving. Therefore, there is a strong demand for the development of new emission models, adapted to the driving behavior of drivers appropriate for different infrastructure objects such as roundabouts
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2022, 63, 3; 35--51
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Daily electricity demand assessment on the example of the Turkish road transport system – a case study of the development of electromobility on highways
Ocena dobowego zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną na przykładzie tureckiego systemu transportu drogowego – studium przypadku rozwoju elektromobilności na autostradach
Autorzy:
Coban, Hasan Huseyin
Lewicki, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34656101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Komisja Geografii Komunikacji Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Tematy:
electromobility
electricity consumption
traffic measurement
CO2 emission
elektromobilność
zużycie energii elektrycznej
pomiar ruchu
emisja CO2
Opis:
The aim of this study is to investigate how the daily electricity demand from road transport related to the implementation of an electric road system on the eight roads with the highest traffic flow connecting the seven largest cities in Turkey varies according to time and location. Intercity highway route O-7, O-5, O-21, D715, D687, E96, and E87 in Western Turkey was used as a case study. The daily electricity demand on the eight roads working on the full electrification of the existing traffic flow can be increased by 3.7% in the case of the reference point. However, if all roads in Turkey are converted to an electric road system and all land vehicles use this system, the corresponding peak power increase will be 100%. The daily electricity demand along the roads is derived from the available measuring points for the daily road traffic volumes. The study also compares the CO2 reduction potentials and energy demands of the electrified road system with the use of fossil fuels to achieve the same transportation volume. The results show that an electric road system application on eight Turkish roads with considerable traffic flow can reduce 18.8 million tons of CO2 emissions from the road transport sector. The research can find practical application in assessing the validity of developing a strategy for the development of electromobility on highways in Turkey.
Celem tego artykułu jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób dobowe zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną w transporcie drogowym związane z wdrożeniem elektrycznego systemu drogowego na ośmiu drogach o największym natężeniu ruchu, łączących siedem największych miast w Turcji, zmienia się w zależności od czasu i lokalizacji. Jako studium przypadku wykorzystano autostradę międzymiastową O-7, O-5, O-21, E96 i E87 w zachodniej Turcji. Dobowe zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną na ośmiu drogach pracujących nad pełną elektryfikacją istniejącego ruchu może w przypadku punktu odniesienia wzrosnąć o 3,7%. Jeśli jednak wszystkie drogi w Turcji zostaną przekształcone w elektryczny system drogowy i wszystkie pojazdy lądowe będą korzystać z tego systemu, odpowiedni wzrost mocy szczytowej wyniesie 100%. Dobowe zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną wzdłuż dróg pochodzi z dostępnych punktów pomiarowych dobowego natężenia ruchu drogowego. Badanie porównuje również potencjały redukcji CO2 i zapotrzebowanie energetyczne zelektryfikowanego systemu drogowego z wykorzystaniem paliw kopalnych w celu osiągnięcia tej samej wielkości transportu. Wyniki pokazują, że zastosowanie elektrycznego systemu drogowego na ośmiu tureckich drogach o znacznym natężeniu ruchu może zmniejszyć emisję CO2 o 18,8 mln ton z sektora transportu drogowego. Badania mogą znaleźć praktyczne zastosowanie w ocenie zasadności opracowania strategii rozwoju elektromobilności na autostradach w Turcji.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG; 2022, 25(2); 52-62
1426-5915
2543-859X
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement of rail vehicles exhaust emissions
Autorzy:
Kamińska, Michalina
Kołodziejek, Daniel
Szymlet, Natalia
Fuć, Paweł
Grzeszczyk, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097647.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust emission
rail vehicles
real driving emissions
RDE
portable emission measurement system
PEMS
non-road mobile machinery
NRMM
emisja spalin
pojazdy szynowe
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
pozadrogowe maszyny ruchome
Opis:
The basic problem in terms of measuring exhaust emissions is the approval tests of traction vehicles, which are carried out on engine dynamometers. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain reliable results concerning their actual impact on the natural environment. It is therefore advisable to carry out the tests in real operation conditions, as is the case for road vehicles for which RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests are carried out. The latest Stage V emission standards push for the introduction of this type of test, but no limit values for toxic exhaust gases have been established and no test guidelines have been defined for assessing actual emissions. This article describes the issues related to the legislative guidelines for non-road vehicles in force in Europe, as well as the measurement tools used, such as mobile equipment for measuring emissions of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and newly developed emission gates. Additionally, the paper presents examples of locomotive exhaust emission tests in real operating conditions. The aim of the measurements was to assess the emission of toxic compounds against the relevant standards. The subject of the research was a diesel locomotive type T448.P equipped with a modernized internal combustion engine.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 10--17
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Method of verifying the emission level of the exhaust components of a special vehicle in relation to EURO III standard in road conditions
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczak, Andrzej R.
Matla, Jędrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
emissions verification method
portable emission measurement system
PEMS
special vehicle
real driving emissions
RDE
exhaust components
weryfikacja emisji
przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
pojazd specjalny
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
składniki spalin
Opis:
The following article presents the method of verification of EURO III standard in real conditions for special vehicles. The test object qualified as a special vehicle was tested in road conditions along a defined route, and then the obtained measurement results were compared to the exhaust emission standard (EURO III) applicable for this vehicle. A method of comparing the emission factors in road conditions with the indicators obtained on the engine dynamometer was proposed. An AVL mobile exhaust gas analyzers PEMS dedicated for RDE road tests were used in the research.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 89--93
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Program initiatives of public authorities in the field of hydrogenation of the economy in a global perspective, as of the end of 2020
Autorzy:
Menes, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097648.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
greenhouse gases
hydrogen vehicle
emission measurement
directions of automotive development
gazy cieplarniane
pojazd wodorowy
pomiar emisji
kierunki rozwoju motoryzacji
Opis:
In the years 2016-2020, there has been a significant acceleration in the development of technologies for the hydrogen energy use and their popularization in practice. The value of the global hydrogen market in 2018 was estimated at US $122 billion, predicted that it will increase to US $155 billion by the 2022. The appropriate policy framework has a major impact on the development of new technologies, in particular during research, prototype implementations and the initial phase of their commercialization. Of course, this also fully applies to hydrogen technologies, which was confirmed, i.a., in its study by The Hydrogen Council, a leading global organization in this field. The spearheading countries intensively involved in the development and dissemination of hydrogen technologies are primarily: Japan, China, South Korea, Germany, France, Great Britain, Scandinavian and Benelux countries, as well as Canada and the USA. A dozen more countries making up the leading group, such as: Italy, Spain, Portugal, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, India and South Africa are making efforts to join the global hydrogen race and complete the leading group. The scale of the global development of hydrogen technologies is illustrated by the fact that at the end of 2019, vehicles with hydrogen fuel cells and the publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling stations serving them already operated in 18 countries. An effective use of the incurred expenditures undoubtedly requires the interested states to formulate an appropriate policy (strategy) for the hydrogenation of the economy, including, in addition to precisely defined long-term objectives, e.g. elements of support from public administration, assurance of: stable investment conditions and the necessary regulatory conditions. The article attempts to synthetically present the political framework, i.e. the functioning plans and programs as well as national strategies for the development of hydrogen technology and economy in 19 countries.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 18--29
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Using a UAV to Assess Air Pollution and Identify Dominant Emission Sources
Autorzy:
Żeliński, Jacek
Bigda, Rafał
Kucbel, Marek
Raclavská, Helena
Šafář, Michal
Švédová, Barbora
Raclavský, Konstantin
Juchelková, Dagmara
Růžičková, Jana
Telenga-Kopyczyńska, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
air pollution
UAV
drone
emission measurement
pm10
residential emission
Opis:
Central Europe is the region with the highest concentration of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10) in outdoor air. Weather conditions combined with a high industrialization of regions laying along the Czech Republic and Poland border influence the formation of long smog episodes with PM10 concentrations in the atmosphere at the value of several hundred micrograms in a cubic meter. However, it has been observed that the main source of particulates pollution in the area of the Polish-Czech border between the most populated areas of Ostrava and Katowice is the residential heating fired with solid fuels, participating at the level of not less than 21% in overall air contamination with dusts. It particularly concerns PM10, which is one of the major harmful air pollutants produced by the combustion of solid fuels such as biomass and coal. The measures leading to decrease the dust emission from coal burned individual heat sources include methods to eliminate old-type boilers not permitted by the law, as well as illegal incineration of fuels of bad quality or including admixture of wastes. It requires a new approach for effective identification of such sources, as well as for recognition of pollutants leaving household emitters and evaluation of their share in overall effect on human health. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with miniaturized sensors detecting gaseous and dust particles at the outlet of an individual emitter can compensate the lack of information unable to be obtain using traditional measurements. The use of UAVs to identify specific sources of air pollution is still at an early stage of development and there are not too many scientific publications on this topic so far. Despite it, this technology seems to be usable to create undemanding, low-cost and effective method of air pollution sources assessment. In the current article, some aspects of using UAVs for identification of especially troublesome emission sources located on residential areas are presented, including finding the dominant emission source, determining the optimal distance between a UAV and the emission source or the influence of the UAV altitude, movement and sampling time on measurement result.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 12; 134--144
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie pomiaru emisji promieniowanej do identyfikacji urządzenia
Using the measurement of radiation emission to recognise the device
Autorzy:
Gajowniczek, Mateusz
Wnuk, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24065042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
emisja promieniowana
emisja ujawniająca
kanały emisji ujawniającej
identyfikacja urządzeń
metody pomiaru emisji ujawniającej
EMC
radiated emission
compromising emanations
revealing emission channels
device identification
revealing emission measurement methods
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia obecnie dostępną wiedzę dotyczącą szeroko pojętej problematyki kompatybilności elektromagnetycznej. Opisano w nim podstawowe pojęcia, które pozwolą na zrozumienie, jak szeroka jest to dziedzina nauki oraz jak duży wpływ ma na urządzenia wykorzystywane przez nas na co dzień. Co więcej, pokazuje też, jak ważna jest w pracy służb oraz podczas przetwarzania informacji niejawnych w urządzeniach teleinformatycznych. Artykuł należy traktować jako wstęp do próby opracowania metody badawczej pozwalającej na wykrycie typu obiektu na podstawie promieniowanej z niego emisji ujawniającej. W tym celu konieczne jest poznanie podstawowych metod pomiaru sygnałów emisji ujawniającej oraz kanałów, w jakich sygnał ten może być transmitowany.
The article describes currently available knowledge related to the universally understood issues of electromagnetic compatibility. It describes the basic concepts that will allow you to understand how broad this scientific field is and how much it affects the devices we use daily. What is more, you can also see how important it is in the work of the service and when we process classified information in IT equipment. The article should be treated as an introduction to an attempt to create research method which can indicate type of the tested device basing on its compromising emanations. For this purpose, it is necessary to become familiar with the methods of measuring revealing transmission and the transmission channels in which the signal can propagate.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2022, 71, 4; 61--72
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opportunities to evaluate emission of particulate matter from the combustion engines of rail vehicles
Możliwości oceny emisji cząstek stałych z silników spalinowych pojazdów szynowych
Autorzy:
Pielecha, Jacek
Merkisz, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/33331981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Tematy:
particulate matter
emission
evaluation
combustion engine
rail vehicle
influence
measurement method
cząstki stałe
emisja
ocena
silnik spalinowy
pojazd szynowy
oddziaływanie
metoda pomiaru
Opis:
The paper deals with particulate emission from the rail vehicles equipped with a combustion engine drive. Physicochemical properties of the particulate matter and the mechanisms of their emergence are described as well as their consequences exerted on the environment, with special attention paid to their impact on humans. Legal regulations related to their emission are quoted, inclusive of the latest standards (stage V) as well as the requirements relating to the measurement methods of the particulate mass and number of the particles.
Artykuł dotyczy emisji cząstek stałych z pojazdów szynowych, w których źródłem napędu jest silnik spalinowy. Opisano właściwości fizykochemiczne cząstek stałych, mechanizmy ich powstawania oraz zaprezentowano wpływ ich oddziaływania na otoczenie, w tym bezpośrednio na człowieka. Zawarto regulacje prawne dotyczące ich emisji wraz z określeniem najnowszych norm (etap V) oraz wymagania dotyczące metod pomiarowych pomiaru masy i liczby cząstek stałych.
Źródło:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe; 2019, 3; 1-14
0138-0370
2719-9630
Pojawia się w:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of quality air in the engine room on the crew
Autorzy:
Panaitescu, M.
Panaitescu, F. V.
Dumitrescu, M. V.
Panaitescu, V. N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
engine room
air quality
main engine
real-time biometric measurement
biometric measurement
health parameters
electronic bracelet
emission control area (ECA)
Opis:
A The novelty of this study consists in the fact that, at the same time as the monitoring and acquisition of data of the air quality (from inside and outside), a monitoring and acquisition of data of the real-time biometric measurements of subjects exposed directly to the needle will be made. Medium by means of a bracelet attached to the subject's arm. This bracelet is designed to perform biometric measurements without creating discomfort to the subjects analyzed in the activities in which they are involved. This measurement is carried out with 9 different sensors for: pulse, oxygen in the blood, air flow (breathing), body temperature, electrocardiogram, galvanic skin response, blood pressure, the patient's position/movement, and the status of muscle (electromyography sensor). The data thus obtained will be focused on a PC and subsequently analyzed. The results of monitoring the health parameters of the subjects analyzed find application in the maritime field, to ships, especially in the engine room, where the air suffers quality transformations. The crew's return to the workplace may decrease due to the degradation of the air quality in the premises.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 2; 409-414
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical testing of inventories applying on-board measurements of exhaust emissions at port and at sea
Autorzy:
Jahangiri, S.
Nikolova, N.
Tenekedjiev, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych
Tematy:
emission pollution in ports
emission inventory
on-board measurement
experimental ranking of inventory procedures
additive value functions
Opis:
We present a comprehensive case study to identify the best vessel-specific inventory family that predicts the primary emissions from an ocean-going vessel when at berth, while maneuvering and while cruising. The main purpose of the paper is to generalize the implication of the case study by advising a novel policy, which will allow different authorities to estimate the shipping emissions in a cost-effective and reliable way. The emissions rates of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and particulate matter from the main engine and from the auxiliary engines are measured for different modes of ship operations in an on-board experiment campaign. The measured total emission amounts were predicted with 13 families of emission inventories and prediction deviations have been calculated. A procedure was advised for estimating the prediction inventory deviations of the combined hourly emission amounts from the main engine plus the auxiliary engines. Each inventory family has been formalized as a six-dimensional vector of prediction deviations for any mode of operation. The best vessel-specific inventory families were identified using the minimal mean absolute deviation criteria. A more rational procedure to rank inventories is considered, which treats the missing value problem and constructs a six-attribute value function. The use of preferential analysis and value functions further clarifies the recommended choice of inventory method. In this case study we demonstrated that the most suitable inventory families will provide reliable predictions with acceptable deviations from the measured emissions. At berth and for maneuvering, the best inventory family turned out to be MOPSEA (with 32.2 % and 39.6 % mean absolute deviations respectively). For cruising, the most precise inventory family is MEET (with 59.2% mean absolute deviation), whereas MOPSEA being the third best. However, some of the other inventories produce unacceptably high deviation, well above 100%. The practical implication is that while inventory methods can produce precise and cost-effective predictions, they should never be used without experimental verification. That is why, we provide an algorithm to use on-board experimental measurements to identify the best vessel-specific inventory family, which predicts the primary emission of a ship at a given mode of operation. The proposed algorithm and the implications of the case study are utilized to motivate a proposal for a novel future policy for a cost-effective and reliable emission estimation from shipping.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics; 2018, 3, 2; 6-33
2520-2979
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena wpływu współczynnika rozcieńczenia spalin na niepewność wyników pomiarów emisji spalin na hamowni podwoziowej
Influence of the dilution factor on the uncertainty of the exhaust gas emission results obtained during testing on the chassis dynamometer
Autorzy:
Szczotka, A.
Puchałka, B.
Bielaczyc, P.
Adamiak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/314542.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
spaliny samochodowe
hamownia podwoziowa
emisja związków szkodliwych spalin
metoda CVS (constant volume sample)
CVS
pomiar emisji zanieczyszczeń
exhaust gas
chassis dynamometer
emission of pollutants in exhaust gases
exhaust emission measurement
Opis:
Badania emisji związków szkodliwych spalin podczas testów wykonywanych na hamowni podwoziowej są jednymi z najważniejszych i najbardziej skomplikowanych pomiarów, jakim poddawane są pojazdy wyposażone w silnik spalinowy. Układ poboru i rozcieńczania spalin (tzw. system CVS – Constant Volume Sample – stała objętość próbkowania) należy do najistotniejszych elementów laboratorium badań toksyczności spalin, który znacząco wpływa na dokładność otrzymywanych wyników. W niniejszym artykule został przeanalizowany wpływ współczynnika rozcieńczenia spalin (czyli parametru który za pomocą układu CVS można zmieniać w zależności od poziomu emisji spalin i pojemności skokowej silnika badanego pojazdu) na niepewność otrzymywanych wyników pomiarów emisji.
Exhaust emission measurements on the chassis dynamometer are one of the most important and most complex tests which are performed on vehicles powered by combustion engines. The sample and dilution system (CVS - Constant Volume Sampling) belongs to the most important parts of the exhaust emission laboratory, and has a large impact on the accuracy of the results obtained. In this paper, the influence of the dilution factor (i.e. parameter changed by means of the CVS system, depending on the emission level and engine displacement of the test vehicle) on the uncertainty of the exhaust gas emission results is analysed.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2018, 19, 6; 737-742, CD
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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