- Tytuł:
-
Pola elektromagnetyczne w budynkach ze stacjami transformatorowymi
Electromagnetic fields in buildings with transformer stations - Autorzy:
-
Gryz, K.
Karpowicz, J. - Powiązania:
- https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/209311.pdf
- Data publikacji:
- 2009
- Wydawca:
- Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
- Tematy:
-
inżynieria środowiska
stacje transformatorowe
pole magnetyczne
pole elektryczne
ekspozycja środowiska
environmental engineering
transformer stations
magnetic field
electric field
environment's exposure - Opis:
-
Przedstawiono problematykę zagrożeń elektromagnetycznych występujących w budynkach, w których zlokalizowane są stacje transformatorowe. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań indukcji magnetycznej pola magnetycznego zmiennego o częstotliwości przemysłowej 50 Hz w pomieszczeniach sąsiadujących ze stacjami transformatorowymi. Omówiono metody ograniczania pola magnetycznego w otoczeniu elektroenergetycznego wyposażenia budynków.
Transformer stations are sometimes located in dwellings and buildings with work space. Problems of electromagnetic fields produced by transformers and the need of their reduction in the buildings is important in the aspects of the possible health effects of chronic exposure to a low frequency magnetic field, even relatively weak (especially the possibility of increased cancer risk). Presented investigations were done in transformer stations 15/0.4 kV of power in the range of 160-1000 kVA and in the neighbouring working and living rooms. These investigations consisted of measurements of the rms value of magnetic flux density and electric filed strength in transformer stations, measurements of the rms value of magnetic flux density in rooms neighbouring to transformer stations and many hours registration of the rms value of magnetic flux density in rooms. Measurements were done in the so called ELF frequency range (50 Hz-2 kHz). Current loads of transformers were identified to establish their relation with the results of measurements of magnetic field. Magnetic flux density in the nearest rooms to transformer stations can reach values up to a few or a few tens of microtesla (µT) and is below a limit value for general public exposure (in Poland: 75 µT). Magnetic flux density in stations is significantly higher and can exceed permissible value for 8 hours workers' exposure (in Poland: 200 µT). The level of magnetic filed in the rooms neighbouring to transformers stations depends on an load of transformer, kind of transformer power output (cables or buses), and distance of cables or buses from walls and ceilings of station. The data from operators of city electrical system shows differences in current loads of transformers: from 50 A for all transformers up to 460 A in case of transformers of 630 kVA nominal power. The differences in current loads result from changes in consumption of power depended on time of day or season of year and numbers of consumer of electric energy connected to a transformer station. Maximum phase current is usually (50-70%) of maximum output current. The increase in current from transformers and increase in produced magnetic field is possible in current technical system. Most often the phase load of transformers of 160-630 kVA nominal power is in the range of 50-150 A. Various constructional and architectural solutions (dimensions of transformer stations and distribution rooms of low voltage, distance of electrical equipment from working and living rooms) influence on a level of magnetic filed in the vicinity of electrical devices. Usually, the height of transformer station is in the range of 3-4 m. The buses or cables of low voltage connected transformer with switch box are located 0.5-1.7 m under ceiling. Sometimes cables are put on the wall. Exposure to magnetic field of low frequency in the rooms neighbouring to transformer stations is below permissible exposure for general public, nevertheless a level of magnetic field is significantly higher than in rooms in buildings without transformers. According to resolutions of European Parliament and standing of World Health Organisation, available measures to reduce a level of magnetic field should be undertaken. One of the most effective methods is close-up of cables to allow the self-compensation of magnetic fields produced by currents of different phases. This method in case of transformer stations can give 10 - fold decrease in magnetic field in the rooms neighbouring to transformers stations. - Źródło:
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Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2009, 58, 4; 125-137
1234-5865 - Pojawia się w:
- Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
- Dostawca treści:
- Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł