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Tytuł:
Energy trade relations between Russia and China
Autorzy:
Yamato, Sayaka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10493906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
China
Russia
economic relations
energy policy
Opis:
Economic relations between Russia and China have been growing over the years. Of particular importance in Russia-China economic relations is the gas and oil trade. Russia has the world’s largest natural resources, while China is the world’s largest energy consumer. In 2014, an agreement was reached to build a new gas pipeline and increase gas exports to China. If the planned volume of gas can be exported to China on a stable basis, Russia will be able to supplement some of the economic sanctions imposed by the West. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether China can be a stable export destination for Russia. There is a significant gap in the trade scale between Russia and China and asymmetrical dependence in the relationship between them. In addition, international pipeline projects have substantial financial and time costs, and the two countries; intentions sometimes differ. The purpose of this research is to clarify the current state of trade interdependence between Russia and China and to study whether China can be a stable economic partner for Russia. This paper consists of three main parts, with an introduction and conclusions. The first part explains an overview of trade and asymmetric interdependence between Russia and China. It then analyses the anticipated benefits and vulnerabilities of increased Russian gas exports to China. The third section investigates the uncertainties of China as a gas importer in terms of China’s dependence on Russia.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 2(38); 62-71
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic knowledge of adult Poles – research results
Wiedza ekonomiczna dorosłych Polaków – wyniki badań
Autorzy:
Kołodziej, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
wiedza ekonomiczna
zależności ekonomiczne
economic knowledge
economic relations
Opis:
In the article research analyzing the level of the economic knowledge of adult Poles was described. Analyzing both subjective, measured with the scale of self-assessment and objective, through the test of message, aspect of the knowledge to economic themes. The test included three groups of issues: 1) acquaintance of current economic indicators and selected public charges, 2) define basic economic notions, 3) understand the relation between individual economic phenomena. Obtained data shows, that the examined group of adult Poles has on the average level knowledge, however not-allowing to full understand principles of free economy market functioning.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań analizujących poziom wiedzy ekonomicznej dorosłych Polaków. Analizowano zarówno subiektywny, mierzony za pomocą skali samooceny, jak i obiektywny, poprzez test wiadomości, aspekt wiedzy na tematy gospodarcze. Test wiadomości obejmował trzy grupy zagadnień: 1) znajomość wysokości bieżących wskaźników ekonomicznych oraz wybranych obciążeń publicznoprawnych; 2) definiowanie podstawowych pojęć ekonomicznych, a także 3) rozumienie zależności pomiędzy poszczególnymi zjawiskami ekonomicznymi. Uzyskane dane wskazują, że badana grupa dorosłych Polaków posiada wiedzę na poziomie średnim, niepozwalającym jednak na pełne zrozumienie zasad funkcjonowania gospodarki wolnorynkowej.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2011, 27 (99) z. 1; 73-77
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modern Economic Diplomacy And Problems Of Evaluating Its Effectiveness
Autorzy:
Flissak, Kostyantyn
Dziubliuk, Oleksandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168401.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
economic diplomacy
international economic relations
state support of business
Opis:
The paper deals with issues and problems of evaluating of efficiency of economic diplomacy. The article analyzes the available research on this issue, highlights the main approaches and methods to assessing the effectiveness of economic diplomacy. In the process of analysis, both positive and negative aspects of each of these methods are identified. There is a new methodology for analyzing the effectiveness of economic diplomacy proposed, which would be based on the study of the interconnection between budget financing of diplomatic activities and the results of a country's foreign economic activity. The author's recommendations are given, which can be used as a bases for both further scientific research and the development of practical measures aimed at improving the given sphere.
Źródło:
MIND Journal; 2021, 11
2451-4454
Pojawia się w:
MIND Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prospects for United States of America-China Political and Economic Relations under Donald Trump’s Presidency
Autorzy:
Mazur, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
China
United States of America
prospects
economic relations
political relations
Opis:
The purpose of this article was to introduce the possible future relations between China and the United States of America under Donald Trump’s presidency. The paper is divided into five sections: economy, real challenges, trade policy and industry, diplomacy. Each of them is introducing key issues in terms of the main topic. The secondary point of this article was to show the gravity of change after United States of America  election results in December 2016 and the impact of this event on American policy toward China. The main conclusion which arised from the article is: USA-China relations during upcoming decade are going to be eminently tensed that it was before. Trade policy, Taiwan, strategic rapprochement of the United States of America with such countries as India and Russia, as well as innovation race across many industries, will remain a point of contention. The future of Sino-US relations will probably depend mostly on the emerging administration of the 45th President of the United States of America.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2017, 24, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mediation in international economic relations – different approaches and cultural background
Autorzy:
Broszkiewicz, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570034.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
mediation
international economic relations
cultural background of economy
Opis:
In the globalising world, similar phenomena are spreading in the world economy, politics, demography, social life and culture, regardless of the geographical context and the level of economic development of a given region. There are disputes over economic, political or social background that concern citizens of different countries. Also the mediation procedure is popularized, which facilitates the diffusion of a new approach to conflicts. The subject of this article is to present a contemporary image of mediation, with particular emphasis on cross-border mediation, as well as their history and indication of the most-important functions in societies and their potentially high significance in the future. The main purpose of the article is to present cross-border mediation as the best way to resolve conflicts between representatives of different countries, nations, cultures, etc., as well as to draw attention to the barriers related to their application
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2018, 3 (19); 98-109
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
China’s role in development of Africa: the case of Ethiopia
Autorzy:
Bekele, Adane
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka – Edukacja – Rozwój w Warszawie
Tematy:
Role
China
Africa
development
economic relations
foreign investment
Opis:
China’s involvement in Africa has become one of the contentious topics in the development literature. The background of the study is that china-African relations can be grouped into dual phases thus: past relations and contemporary relations. Those phases are dissimilar, as past relations are categorized by solidarity against imperial-ism, while contemporary relations are characterized by economic relations. The study used a historical approach to analyze China’s resurgence into Africa and Ethiopia, a case study is used to examine the contemporary china-African relations. Secondary data were utilized to come to sound conclusion of the study. The study mainly found out that China’s resurgence into Africa presents both negative and positive impacts for Africa and that the negatives need to be regulated in order for African countries to benefit from the relations.
Zaangażowanie Chin w Afryce stało się jednym z kontrowersyjnych tematów w literaturze rozwojowej. W tle badania jest to, że stosunki chińsko-afrykańskie mogą być pogrupowane w dwie fazy w następujący sposób: dawne stosunki i współczesne stosunki. Fazy te różnią się od siebie, ponieważ dawne stosunki są podzielone na solidarność z imperializmem, podczas gdy współczesne stosunki charakteryzują się stosunkami gospodarczymi. W badaniu wykorzystano historyczne podejście do analizy odrodzenia Chin w Afryce i Etiopii, studium przypadku jest wykorzystywane do zbadania współczesnych stosunków Chiny - Afryka. Wykorzystano dane wtórne, aby dojść do rzetelnego zakończenia badania. Badanie wykazało, że odrodzenie się Chin do Afryki ma zarówno negatywne, jak i pozytywne skutki dla Afryki, oraz że negatywy muszą być regulowane, aby kraje afrykańskie mogły korzystać z takich stosunków.
Źródło:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences; 2020, 11(1); 83-92
2450-2146
2451-1064
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perspektywy i czynniki rozwoju usług logistycznych w Unii Europejskiej - wybrane zagadnienia
Perspectives and factors of development of logistics services in the EU - selected topics
Autorzy:
Andrzejczak, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/585575.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Logistyka
Międzynarodowe stosunki gospodarcze
International economic relations
Logistics
Opis:
Badania na temat uwarunkowań rozwoju usług logistycznych mają zdecydowany wpływ na kształtowanie głównych trendów i perspektyw rozwoju usług logistycznych w Europie. W badaniach uwzględnionych zostało szereg czynników, które stanowią siły napędowe lub ograniczające rozwój logistyki w gospodarce światowej. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wybranych klasyfikacji czynników kształtujących rozwój logistyki oraz analiza aktualnych wskaźników charakteryzujących rozwój usług logistycznych w Europie. Analiza usług logistycznych została przedstawiona na podstawie kosztów logistycznych oraz charakterystyki rynku usług logistycznych z punktu widzenia wielkości sprzedaży w Europie.
Research on conditions for the development of logistics services have a decisive influence on the main trends and development perspectives of logistics services in Europe. The studies included were a number of factors which are driving forces or restricting the development of logistics in the global economy. The aim of the article is to present some grading factors shaping the development of logistics and analysis of current indicators characterizing the development of logistics services in Europe. Analysis of logistics services on the basis of BVL has been presented on the basis: logistic costs and the characteristics of the logistics market in terms of sales volume in Europe.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2016, 286; 9-20
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Australijsko-chińskie stosunki gospodarcze w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku a bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne Australii
Australian-Chinese economic relations in the second decade of the 21st century and Australias economic security
Autorzy:
Jureńczyk, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2139736.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-29
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Szkoły Wyższej
Tematy:
Chiny
Australia
stosunki gospodarcze
bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne
China
economic relations
economic security
Opis:
Przedmiotem analizy są strategiczne uwarunkowania australijsko-chińskich stosunków gospodarczych w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena tych stosunków w perspektywie strategicznych priorytetów Australii w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i rozwoju. W artykule omówiono australijsko-chińską współpracę handlową, postawę rządu Australii wobec kluczowych międzynarodowych projektów prezydenta Xi Jinpinga, inwestycje bezpośrednie chińskich przedsiębiorstw w Australii oraz inne aspekty współpracy gospodarczej między państwami. Zagadnienia te analizowane są w kontekście bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego Australii. Główną tezą artykułu jest stwierdzenie, że w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku Chiny są dla Australii głównym partnerem gospodarczym i w kolejnych latach nie powinno dojść do zmiany tej sytuacji. Australijsko-chińskie stosunki gospodarcze dynamicznie się rozwijają mimo wzrastających obaw rządu i społeczeństwa Australii o szczerość intencji w polityce rosnącego w siłę Państwa Środka. Canberra zacieśnia współpracę gospodarczą z Chinami również mimo narastających napięć między Pekinem a Waszyngtonem, z którym związana jest sojuszem wojskowym. Australii zależy, aby zelżały napięcia w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku, ponieważ stabilność regionu jest szczególnie ważna z punktu widzenia jej długofalowego rozwoju gospodarczego. Australia powinna jednak w większym stopniu rozwijać współpracę gospodarczą również z innymi partnerami, aby nie uzależniać się ekonomicznie od Chin, których polityka nie jest w pełni transparentna.  
The subject of the analysis are the strategic conditions of Australian-Chinese economic relations in the second decade of the 21st century. The aim of the article is to present and evaluate these relations in the perspective of Australia's strategic priorities in the field of security and development. The article discusses the Australian-Chinese trade cooperation, the attitude of the Australian government towards the key international projects of President Xi Jinping, the direct investments of Chinese enterprises in Australia and other aspects of economic cooperation between states. These issues are analyzed in the context of economic security of Australia. The main thesis of the article is the statement that in the second decade of the XXI century, China is the main economic partner for Australia and in subsequent years, this situation should not change. Australian-Chinese economic relations are developing dynamically despite the increasing concerns of the Australian government and society about the sincerity of intentions in the policy of growing in strength Middle Kingdom. Canberra strengthens its economic cooperation with China despite rising tensions between Beijing and Washington, which is its ally. Australia wants to ease tensions in the Asia-Pacific region, because the stability of the region is particularly important from the point of view of its long-term economic development. However, Australia should further develop economic cooperation also with other partners, so as not to become economically dependent on China, which policy is not fully transparent.
Źródło:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego; 2019, 13, 1; 51-65
1896-8848
2450-3436
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Концептуальные Основы Программирования Устойчивого Территориального Развития
Conceptual Basis For Sustainable Territorial Development Programming
Autorzy:
Ishchenko, Oleksandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/476213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
sustainable development
region
institutions
programs
projects
management
economic relations
Opis:
The paper researches theory and methodology for development of state programmes for sustainable development. The focus is made on the distribution of powers and responsibilities for the implementation of environmental projects and schemes. Emphasis is put on specific life cycles analysis of the relationship between relevant environmental protection and economic institutions. Various aspects of regional sustainable development programmes both drafting and implementation are researched in the context of Ukraine alignment with the European Union. Problems of monitoring the effectiveness of such programmes at the regional level are considered.
Źródło:
MIND Journal; 2016, 2; 1-11
2451-4454
Pojawia się w:
MIND Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zarys relacji politycznych i gospodarczych między Polską i Wielką Brytanią w latach 1990–2018
Autorzy:
Jakimowicz, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1991359.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Polska
Great Britain
political relations
economic relations
trade turnover
investments
brexit
Opis:
The article is focused on the political and economic relations between Poland and Great Britain in last three decades. In first part of the article it was introduced the evolution of the most important political events in bilateral relations and convergent and divergent matters relates to the business of both states before and after the obtainment by the Poland of the membership in NATO and the European Union. Asymmetry among both countries in the political and economic aspect was also underlined. In second part of the article, the attention was concentrated on the analysis of mutual economic relations, in this the growth of trade turnover, services and investments. Consequences for Poland connected with the exit of Great Britain from European Union become also approximate. Four principal conclusions were introduced in the end of the article.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2018, 23; 108-140
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamiczny rozwój APEC wyzwaniem dla więzi transatlantyckich
The dynamic development APEC the challenge for transatlantic ties
Autorzy:
Jakimowicz, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
APEC
EU
USA
economic relations
the competition
the development
Opis:
The article, in first part, focuses on the dynamic development economic APEC with the regard of the most important economic indexes. Then, they are compared with the economic indexes of UE. Second part of the article focuses on the chosen aspects of the economic relations of the USA within APEC and with UE. The author underlines in this part the huge meaning of the American economy for her partners development, both Asiatic, how and European. Moreover, it clearly was stressed, that if UE develops economic relations intensively both with United States, how and states from the region of Asia and Pacific Ocean within ASEM, European Union will keep the status of one of the most important pillars of the world economy in the closest future.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 2; 143-161
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations with Turkey as determinant of Iraqi Kurdistan economic security
Autorzy:
Sosnowski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526985.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
Iraq; Turkey
Iraqi Kurdistan
Kurdish Regional Government; Economic Security
International Economic Relations
Opis:
The main goal of that paper is to look into economic security of Iraqi Kurdistan in context of its relations with Turkey. In order to achieve the aim, author firstly adequate explained to research below definitions of what is economic security. Next, it presents underlying conditions of economy of Iraqi Kurdistan. For further considerations very important roles are crises − humanitarian and economic, that is important ingredient, that can generate dangers for surroundings of Iraqi Kurdistan. Another factor was history of Iraqi Kurds and Turkey, with political and economic context. Before conclusion there is described challenges for Iraqi Kurdistan resulting from economic relationship with Turkey. Author conclude that the key aspects shaping the economic security of Iraqi Kurdistan are relations with Turkey which can be considered both − as a chance and a threat to Iraqi Kurdistan economic security.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2016, 2 (24); 87-103
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Latin America from crisis to sustainable growth: image change and new development paradigms
Autorzy:
Kholina, Veronika N.
Massarova, Alyona R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-07-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
Economic potential
economic growth
structural shifts
Latin America
foreign trade
international economic relations
Opis:
The aim of the article is to identify the role of Latin America in the global economy between 1990 and 2010. The analysis is based on the indicators that define social and economic potential (regional GNI, GNI per capita, growth rates, share in global production output, etc.). The article examines in detail the structural and regional shifts in Latin America’s foreign trading: the share of manufactures in Latin American exports has shrunk sharply since 2000; primary commodities have become more important for the region’s trade; China has become a privileged trading partner for Latin America; the region’s resilience to the crisis has renewed trade interest from the EU ; the USA’s share in the region’s trade has reduced. The analysis allowed a proposal for decision methods addressing major issues in the region’s trade through the diversification of Latin American export and the intensification of intra-regional trade.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2013, 17, 2; 12-19
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants and effects of Chinese foreign direct investment in the economy of Ukraine
Autorzy:
Ukraynets, Lilia
Horin, Nataliya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1394592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
China
foreign trade
foreign economic relations
foreign direct investment
Ukraine
Opis:
The article analyzes Chinese foreign direct investment in the economy of Ukraine at the present stage. China is as an important partner for Ukraine, not only in the field of foreign trade and investment but also for the implementation of the strategic vector of Ukraine’s economic development and its integration into the modern world economy. The empirical study shows that Chinese investors receive additional incentives to invest in Ukraine if there is a prior positive investment experience, increasing market potential and openness, and economic freedom. As Ukraine is generally perceived as a path to European markets, the signing of the Association Agreement with the EU is a positive factor. However, Chinese investors’ readiness to support corruption schemes in the Ukrainian economy arouses concern. Therefore, in order to enhance and improve the structure of investment flows from China, it is necessary to take a number of measures to overcome corruption.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2021, 11, 2; 9-19
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN UKRAINE AND RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Autorzy:
Gusev, Leonid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim
Tematy:
economic relations
trade partner
exports to Ukraine
gas market
investments
Opis:
The article deals with contemporary economic relations between Russia and Ukraine. It is said that Russia remains the main foreign trade partner of Ukraine. Adequate replacement of the Russian market of European market did not happen. But it is pointed out that for the first six months of 2015 60 percent of trade turnover with Ukraine were lost. The most sensible loss for Russian – Ukrainian gas market. Also according to the calculations of the Moscow World Trade Center many non-commodity exports fell. Examples are shown. It is also said that there are products whose export from Russia to Ukraine in the last year managed to increase. At the end it is stating what trade relations between Ukraine and Russia might be in 2016. Some examples of Russian investments in Ukrainian companies and Ukrainian into Russian are shown
Źródło:
Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem; 2015, 2(5); 131-136
2353-6306
Pojawia się w:
Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian-Ukrainian Relations in the Contemporary Eurasian Context: Geo-Economic Aspect
Autorzy:
Druzhinin, Alexander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-05-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
Russian-Ukrainian relations
foreign economic relations
geo-economics
geopolitics
Russia
Ukraine
Eurasia
Opis:
The article analyzes the evolution trend of economic ties between Russia and Ukraine over the past quarter century. It is shown that bilateral Russian-Ukrainian relations are experiencing degradation and disaggregation, lose their “exclusivity” due to diminishing “USSR inertia”, globalization and the influence of leading “power centers”. The new round of geopolitical and geo-economic “redistribution” of the Eurasian space (initiated by the increasing influence of China and the overall “flow” of the economic and demographic potential to the South-East of Eurasia) became the significant challenge for economic cooperation between Russia and Ukraine. The crisis in Russian-Ukrainian relations, unfolding in this context, significantly limits the development opportunities for the both countries, leads to the increase of peripheral traits in their economies, and multiplies dependence on global economic and political actors.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2018, 8, 2; 16-26
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chinas strategic challenges on the road to becoming a global superpower
Autorzy:
Młody, Michał Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/420491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
China
superpower
economic development
the 13th Five-Year Plan
economic relations
Opis:
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The main goal of the article is to diagnose the current position of China in the international arena and to identify the strategic challenges that the government in Beijing will have to face within the currently implemented 13th Five -Year Plan. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND RESEARCH METHODS: Article has a descriptive and analytical nature. The purposes of this study required constructive criticism of literature and making an analysis of selected statistical data provided by international institutions.     THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The state of Chinese economy was presented, noting the gradual change of development model and implemented internal reforms. The next part includes the outline of the main international initiatives which are aimed at strengthening the political and economic position of the PRC. Then  the strategic challenges for the PRC, which condition its further development were presented. The final part of this article includes a summary and conclusions. RESEARCH RESULTS: Firstly, the issue of economic relations built by China is strictly subordinated to the government policy, which is reflected in the 5-year plans, catalogues of preferred inward and outward foreign investment and the initiatives taken at international level. Secondly, the further pursuit of China to become a superpower will require profound changes, mostly related to the liberalization of investment policy, reforms of state-owned enterprises, further internationalization of RMB and demographic issues. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Despite the growing opinion among scientists, politicians and journalists, China is not yet holding the leading position in the political and economic world, although it should be noted the weakening role of the United States and EU in certain regions of the world.
Źródło:
Horyzonty Polityki; 2016, 7, 21; 205-225
2082-5897
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conceptual basis of transformation of ecological and economic relations in the forest sector of Ukraine in the context of European integration
Autorzy:
Khvesyk, Mykhailo A.
Shubalyi, Oleksandr M.
Khvesyk, Julia M.
Vasilik, Natalia M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
forest policy
economic mechanism
transformation
ecological-economic relations
forestry
forest resources
European integration
Opis:
The article defines the priorities, principles and main provisions of national forest policy of Ukraine towards European integration. The main objectives and structure of the mechanism of transformation of ecological and economic relations in the forest sector of Ukraine is grounded. The main tasks of transformation of ecological and economic relations in the forest sector should be decentralization of the management system, budget savings and sustainability, sustainable development and ecological security, development of public and private partnership, and welfare of local communities. It justifies priority directions of transformation, which include the system of distribution of powers between central, regional and local levels, the financing system and fiscal regulation in the forest sector, powers and subordination of the organs of ecological control, the organizational forms of companies and associations, the institutionalization of communal and private ownership of forests. Necessary organizational and economic framework for their implementation should ensure the economic mechanisms of transformation of the system of state management of economic processes, financial-credit and fiscal regulation, economic incentives of the deep environmentally friendly forest products, integration of businesses and innovative and investment development of the forest sector, the Institute of ownership of forest land, the property rights of forest users and local communities. The structure of transformation mechanism of ecological and economic relations in the forest sector is developed. It will allow the use of modern economic methods (de-monopolization and transparent competition on the timber market; economic incentives for deep wood processing; the transition to the new organizational forms of integration of economic entities; the empowerment of local communities and their executive bodies) and the instruments (preferential loans; target financing of large-scale projects at the national level; environmental insurance; transfer pricing; export and import duties; the state order; the state guarantees and subsidies), and to form an effective organizational forms of business entities in the forest sector. It is concluded that transformation processes should apply to all spheres of economic activities in the forest sector, especially in the following areas: increased powers of the management bodies of the forest sector at the regional and local levels; simplification of procedures for land allocation by local governments to provide additional reforestation; coordination between the organs of ecological control and forest management to strengthen the relationship between the real state of forestry and the system of rational use of forest resources; the introduction of modern forms of enterprise and associations of enterprises at different stages of the reproductive process.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2019, 61, 2; 97-111
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish-Russian Economic Relations Under the Conditions of System Transformation
Autorzy:
Bożyk, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
system transformation
Polish-Russian economic relations
economic policy
economic transformation in Central-Eastern Europe
Opis:
The rapid economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, modelled on Western economies and based, in some aspects, on neoliberal principles, has found the region's countries to a bigger (Eastern European countries) or lesser (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary) degree unprepared. The resulting economic recession, especially in Russia, has had an adverse effect on mutual trade between Poland and Russia. In order to improve economic relations with Russia and increase the trade volume, Poland, remaining within the bounds of EU standards and regulations, needs to adapt the commodity structure of Polish exports to the needs of the Russian market.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2011, 13; 19-26
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE DOMINANT POSITION OF CHINA IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Autorzy:
Jaroszewska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594835.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
China
global economy
dominant position
Chinese economy
world economy
economic relations
Opis:
After a few decades of transformation China is becoming a major contender for the number two position in the world. Is it really possible? Will China balance the power of the United States? Today the United States supremacy is so great that it seems to be undeniable. The situation was similar at the end of the twentieth century when U.S. domination was obvious and any other reality was hard to imagine. Recently though, more and more often America’s political decisions are criticised. A few decades ago, in Beijing a new idea was developed. The essence of that idea was to transform the People’s Republic of China into a superpower. Since China was very vast and densely populated, but mostly a poor and backward country, it was a very daring vision. Years of consistent and painful reforms changed the way the world is looking at China, even though some of them were not accepted by international opinion.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2013, 42; 279-296
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Embeddedness of Social and Economic Relations in Systemic Transformation. Long-Term Evidence From the Post-Communist Transition in Poland, 1988–2003
Autorzy:
Wilk, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-08-27
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Friendship ties
social networks
status attainment
entrepreneurship
(dis)embeddedness of
economic relations in social relations
Opis:
This paper intervenes in the Granovetter-Polanyi debate by reassessing the level of embeddedness of social and economic relations under conditions of systemic transition. Using panel data collected in Poland, this analysis examines this relationship for three distinct periods of transition: initial (1988–1993), advanced (1993–1998), and post-transitional (1998–2003). This paper shows that during transition from communism to capitalism economic relations tended to disembed from social relations, but this relationship remained significant; friendship ties were conductive to an individual upward mobility, economic well-being and entrepreneurial activity. In contrast to Polanyi’s argument, however, entrepreneurship-the most marketable area of individual advancement-is found to exhibit the highest degree of social–economic embeddedness. These results do not directly support either Polanyi’s or Granovetter’s arguments, however they do accord with a neo-Polanyian argument, as advanced in this paper.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2009, 165, 1; 81-106
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Составные подошвы из раскопок в Великом Новгороде
Multipiece soles from excavations in Veliky Novogrod
Wieloczęściowe podeszwy z badań wykopaliskowych w Nowogrodzie Wielkim
Autorzy:
Osipov, Dmitrij O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440582.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-21
Wydawca:
Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
Tematy:
archeologia
Nowogród Wielki
rzemiosło obuwnicze
gospodarka
archaeology
Veliky Novgorod
shoemaking
economic relations
Opis:
The article presents unusual in Russian cities shoes with multipiece soles found during excavations in Veliky Novgorod in a layer dated to the end of the 12th and 13th century. In the whole assemblage, five such soles have been distinguished.
W artykule przedstawiono nietypowe w miastach ruskich obuwie z wieloczęściowymi podeszwami, znalezionymi w Nowogrodzie Wielkim, w warstwie z końca XII–XIII wieku. W całym zbiorze wyróżniono pięć takich spodów złożonych z kilku fragmentów.
Źródło:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2017, 13; 175-190
0076-5236
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja stosunków rosyjsko(radziecko)-japońskich w latach 1699–1941
Evolution of Russian(Soviet)-Japanese relations from 1699 to 1941
Autorzy:
Jakimowicz, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51821179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Tsarist Russia
Japan
Soviet Union
territorial expansion
territorial dispute
war
treaties
political relations
economic relations
Opis:
Russian(Soviet)-Japanese contacts have a tradition of over 300 years. The author focuses in the article on a brief exemplification and analysis of unofficial Russian-Japanese contacts since the 18th century and their official relations until the signing of the Treaty of Neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan in April 1941. In total, four parts of the article are devoted to the analysis, apart from the introduction and conclusion. The first part of the article covers the period of unofficial relations between the two countries, which was characterized by two contradictory tendencies. Russia is pursuing territorial expansion towards the Pacific Ocean, while Japan maintains a policy of voluntary closure to the outside world. The second part deals with the official relationship between them from the Treaty of Shimoda to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. During this period, both countries are guided by a policy of territorial expansion, which led to a war between them. The third part is related to the period from the signing of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty in 1905 to the fall of the Romanov dynasty in 1917. This was the only period of mutual friendship between Russia and Japan. The last part was the years from the February and October Revolutions in Russia to the conclusion of the neutrality pact in April 1941. At that time, one of the external interventions against Soviet Russia was Japan. However, after the Japanese troops were driven out of Soviet territory in the Far East, the two countries establish official diplomatic relations. In the 1930s, mutual relations deteriorated, and in the complicated international situation that existed at the time, Moscow and Tokyo signed the Neutrality Pact in April 1941. At the end of the article, several conclusions were formulated.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2024, 3(43); 7-82
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stosunki polsko-francuskie 1986–1989
Polish-French relations in the years 1986–1989
Autorzy:
Pasztor, Maria
Jarosz, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
komunizm
stosunki polsko-francuskie
Mitterrand
stosunki gospodarcze
stosunki kulturalne
communism
Polish-French relations
economic relations
cultural relations
Opis:
Uformowany po zwycięstwie w wyborach parlamentarnych we Francji prawicowej koalicji (w marcu 1986 r.) rząd Jacques’a Chiraca przyjął wobec władz PRL strategię stopniowej normalizacji, ale bez spektakularnych gestów. Wizyty w Polsce złożyli m.in. minister do spraw sportu i młodzieży, Christian Bergelin (w październiku 1986 r.) oraz minister spraw zagranicznych Jean-Bertrand Raimond (w kwietniu 1987 r.). Znakiem czasu i świadectwem intencji utrzymania dialogu z opozycją było to, że szef francuskiej dyplomacji spotkał się również z przedstawicielami polskiej opozycji (w ambasadzie Francji w Warszawie). Pod wpływem zachodzących w Polsce przemian politycznych, w tym przede wszystkim rozmów władz komunistycznych z opozycją, które doprowadziły do Okrągłego Stołu i pierwszych po wojnie częściowo wolnych wyborów parlamentarnych, następował rozwój kontaktów na najwyższym szczeblu. Rangę symbolu przemian miała wizyta Lecha Wałęsy w Paryżu w grudniu 1989 r. i w Polsce prezydenta F. Mitteranda, który przybył do Warszawy 14 czerwca 1989. W dziedzinie gospodarczej na relacje dwustronne największy negatywny wpływ wywierało zadłużenie Polski wobec Francji, które pod koniec 1980 r. wynosiło około 2,5 mld USD, a w 1988 – około 3,3 mld USD. Negocjacje na temat spłat tego zadłużenia wobec państw Zachodu odbywały się w ramach Klubu Paryskiego. Spadek polskiego eksportu do Francji, który w stanie wojennym i do 1988 r. nie osiągnął wielkości z 1980 r., wynikał przede wszystkim z drastycznego zmniejszenia sprzedaży polskiego węgla. Wprowadzenie stanu wojennego w Polsce, represje wobec opozycji politycznej oraz ograniczenia swobód obywatelskich odbiły się również na relacjach naukowych i kulturalnych. Zmiany na lepsze odnotowano w drugiej połowie lat 80. Wy miana naukowa i kulturalna odbywała się coraz częściej poza centralnie ustalanymi programami. Lata 80. trudno nazwać owocnymi w relacjach między FPK i PZPR. Francuscy komuniści, którzy w okresie wprowadzania stanu wojennego w Polsce byli w koalicji rządowej, nie mogli zająć stanowiska rażąco innego niż ich socjalistyczni współpartnerzy. Sytuacja zmieniła się po ich wyjściu z koalicji rządowej w lipcu 1984 r. Odtąd kontakty były coraz częstsze, ale ich znaczenie coraz mniejsze, wobec słabnięcia pozycji i wpływów ruchu komunistycznego w Europie.
The government of Jacques Chirac, formed after the right-wing coalition victory in parliamentary elections (March 1986), followed a strategy toward PRL authorities of gradual normalization; there were no spectacular gestures. In October 1987, the Minister for Sport and Youth, Christian Bergelin – among others – visited Poland, as did the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jean-Bertrand Raimond, in April 1987. A sign of the times, and a testament to fact that France intended to maintain a dialogue with the opposition, was that the French Foreign Minister also met with representatives of the Polish opposition (at the French Embassy in Warsaw). The development of high-level contacts took place increasingly under the influence of the ongoing political transition in Poland, at the center of which were he talks going on between communist authorities and the opposition that led to the “round table” discussions, and then the first (partially) free parliamentary elections in the postwar era. The great symbol of change was Lech Wałęsa’s trip to Paris in December 1989, which was followed by President Mitterrand’s trip to Poland on 14 June 1989. In economics, the factor that had the greatest negative impact on bilateral relations was Poland’s debt to France. At the end of 1980, that debt was approximately $ 2.5 billion, and in 1988, it was about 3.3 billion dollars. Negotiations on the repayment of Poland’s debt to Western countries took place within the framework of the Paris Club. Polish exports to France fell, primarily due to drastic reductions in the sales of Polish coal, and did not reach 1980 levels until 1988. The introduction of martial law, repression of the political opposition, and the restriction of civil liberties in Poland, also affected academic, scientific and cultural relations. Improvement came in the second half of the 1980s. Academic, scientific and culturalexchange activities took place increasingly outside of the main group of established programs. In the 1980s, France lost its powerful position as a destination for Polish scholars. The 1980s can hardly be called fruitful in terms of the PCF’s relations with the PZPR. When martial law was imposed on Poland, the French communists were in a coalition government, and they were unable to take a position that was very different than the one being taken by their Socialist partners. After the PCF left the coalition government in July 1984, this situation changed; in July 1985, a PCF delegation travelled to Warsaw for the first time since 1979. After that, the network of contacts became broader, though its significance – given the weakening position and influence of the communist movement in Europe – was getting smaller and smaller.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2015, 51, 2; 353-366
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plato’s The Republic recovered. A few ethical, economic and social aspects in contemporary dialogues
Autorzy:
Głodowska, Anna
Matera, Paulina
Matera, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
ethics and economic relations
Plato’s The Republic
interpretation of Plato’s thought
Opis:
The main purpose of the article is the presentation and interpretation of some ethical, economic and social aspects in the works of Plato. The division of labour, wealth, the meaning of money, use of interest and paying taxes are the most interesting problems in Plato’s vision of The Republic. There one can also find some current problems such as the attitude of citizens towards their states, the ethical standards required of the authorities or the role of women. This article was written in the form of a dialogue; the same as the works of Plato.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 6; 7-20
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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