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Tytuł:
Русь и её святые в славянском учении Иоанна Павла II. Между историей и настоящим
Ruś i jej święci w słowiańskim nauczaniu Jana Pawła II. Między historią a dniem dzisiejszym
Autorzy:
Przebinda, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1376008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Karpacka Państwowa Uczelnia w Krośnie
Tematy:
dziedzictwo średniowiecznej prawosławnej Rusi
święci bracia Cyryl i Metody
św. Benedykt
dawne dzieje i religia Białorusi
Ukrainy i Rosji
święci dawnej Rusi
Jan Paweł II
prawosławie
katolicyzm
ukraiński grekokatolicyzm
ekumenizm
wiara i kultura
heritage of medieval Orthodox Rus
the Saints Cyril and Methodius
St. Benedict
early
history of Belarus
Ukraine and Russia
the saints of early Russia
John Paul II
Orthodox
Christianity
Catholicism
Ukrainian Greek Catholics
ecumenism
faith and culture
“the
two lungs of Christianity”
Vyacheslav Ivanov
meeting between Pope Francis I and the Patriarch
of Moscow Cyril I in Cuba
наследие средневековой
православной Руси
святые братья Кирилл и Мефодий
св. Ве-
недикт
средневековая история и религия Беларуси
России и Украины
святые древней
Руси
Иоанн Павел II
православие
католичество
украинскиое грекокатоличество
экуменизм
вера и культура
«два лёгких христианства» Вячеслава Иванова
встреча
папы Франтиска I патриарха Кирилла I в Гаване (Куба)
Opis:
Ruś i jej święci w słowiańskim nauczaniu Jana Pawła II. Między historią a dniem dzisiejszymW tekście podjęto próbę syntetycznego opisu stosunku Jana Pawła II – „Papieża z Polski” – doreligijnej tradycji Rusi Kijowskiej, będącej dziś wspólnym dziedzictwem i przestrzenią duchowo-historyczną dla Rosji, Ukrainy i Białorusi. Jan Paweł II, przyznając się do duchowego dziedzictwajagiellońskiej Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów, głosił w swoich dokumentach, wypowiedziach,pielgrzymkach i postawach życiowych „ekumenizm większej Europy”. Należą tutaj zarównokatolicki Zachód i Europa Środkowowschodnia, mające za duchowego patrona św. Benedykta,jak i prawosławna oraz greckokatolicka Europa Wschodnia, której patronują bracia Cyryl i Metody.Polski papież często nawiązywał w tym kontekście do zasady „dwóch płuc chrześcijaństwa”,sformułowanej w 1930 roku przez rosyjskiego poetę-symbolistę i myśliciela Wiaczesława Iwanowa.W tym szerokim ekumenizmie – będącym podstawą wizji „Europy od Atlantyku aż poUral” polskiego Papieża – swe miejsce mogą odnaleźć zarówno katolicy obrządku łacińskiegoi grekokatolicy obrządku bizantyńskiego jak i prawosławni wszystkich narodów Europy Południowej i Wschodniej. W artykule zostało podkreślone, że ekumeniczna postawa Papieża z Polskiw szczególności wobec rosyjskiego prawosławia przyczyniła się do epokowego, pierwszegow ogóle w dziejach spotkania papieża z moskiewskim patriarchą – stało się to 12 lutego 2016roku w Hawanie na Kubie za sprawą papieża Franciszka I i moskiewskiego patriarchy Cyryla I.
The article attempts a synthetic description of the attitude of John Paul II – “the Pope from Poland” – to the religious tradition of Kievan Rus, a territory of shared spiritual and historical heritage for Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Identifying himself with the heritage of the Jagiellonian Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, John Paul II preached the “ecumenism of a greater Europe” in his official documents and statements, during his pilgrimages, and through the example of his own life. His teaching encompassed both, the Catholic West and Central Europe, with their spiritual patron in the figure of St. Benedict, as well as the Orthodox and Greek Catholic Eastern Europe, patroned by the brother saints Cyril and Methodius. Speaking of European spirituality the Polish Pope often referred to the metaphor of “the two lungs of Christianity” coined by the Russian symbolist poet and thinker, Vyacheslav Ivanov, in 1930. This broad ecumenical concept, which stands at the basis of the Pope’s vision of “Europe from the Atlantic to the Ural Mountains,” brings together the Roman Catholics, the Greek Catholics of the Byzantine Rite, and the members of all the Orthodox churches functioning among the nations of southern and eastern Europe. The article underlines the importance of the ecumenical stance of the Polish Pope and shows how his openness towards the Russian Orthodox Church prepared ground for the first historical meeting of a pope and a patriarch of Moscow – this epochal event happened in Cuba on 12 February 2016 between Pope Francis I and the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus’ Cyril I.
Автор предпринял попытку синтетического описания отношения Иоанна Павла II – «Папы из Польши» — к религиозному наследию Киевской Руси как части духовно-и- сторического пространства, общего для России, Украины и Беларуси. Иоанн Павел II, черпая из духовного наследия ягеллонской Речи Посполитой, одновременно в своих высказываниях, апостольских визитах, жизненной позиции и документах выступал за «экуменизм Европы побольше», включающей как католический Запад и Централь- но-восточную Европу, под духовным покровительством св. Бенедикта, так и Восточную Европу, покровителями которой являются братья Кирилл и Мефодий. В данном контексте польский Папа часто обращался к принципу «двух лёгких христианства», сформулированному в 1930 году российским поэтом-символистом и мыслителем Вяче- славом Ивановым. В этом широком экуменизме как идейном базисе папского видения «Европы от Атлантики до Урала» своё место могут найти как верующие Римско-ка- толической и Греко-католической, так и Православной церквей всех народов Южной и Восточной Европы. В статье подчёркивается, что экуменическая позиция польского Папы, в особенности по отношению к русскому православию, стала одним из важных факторов, благодаря чему стала возможна первая в истории встреча Папы – Франциска I с Патриархом Московским и всея Руси – Кириллом I – состоявшаяся 12 февраля 2016 года в Гаване на Кубе.
Źródło:
Studia Pigoniana; 2020, 3, 3; 49-74
2657-3261
Pojawia się w:
Studia Pigoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zabytki z wczesnośredniowiecznych cmentarzysk z grobami w obudowach kamiennych pochodzące z badań Nikolaja P. Awenariusa
Artefacts from the Early Medieval burial grounds with graves in stone-settings coming from the research of Nikolai P. Avenarius
Autorzy:
Dzik, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
Nikolai Avenarius
graves in stone-settings
early medieval Polish-Rus’ borderland
Opis:
The aim of this paper is putting into scientific circulation archaeological finds from eight early medieval burial grounds with graves in stone-settings, from the area of Podlaskie Voivodeship (norh-eastern Poland). The finds come from excavations conducted by Russian researcher Nikolai Avenarius in 1887 and 1888. For a long time his collection, which is kept in the State Historical Museum in Moscow, has been considered to be lost. This is the reason why despite of that 130 years had passed since N. Avenarius’ excavations, hardly any information about his collection can be found in archaeological literature.
Źródło:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego; 2017, 38; 185-196
0137-5725
Pojawia się w:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wstępne wyniki badań wykopaliskowych prowadzonych w 2016 roku na grodzisku w Węgielsztynie, pow. Węgorzewo, stan. 1
Preliminary results of excavations at the hillfort in Węgielsztyn, Węgorzewo County in 2016
Autorzy:
Wadyl, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365800.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
grodzisko
wczesna epoka żelaza
wczesne średniowiecze
Prusy
Iron Age
Early Medieval Period
Prussia
Opis:
The stronghold is located about 1 km south of the centre of the village and about 0.35 km south-east of the shore of Lake Węgielsztyńskie. During the excavations quite a large number of artefacts were recovered. The ceramic assemblage included around 3,500 fragments. In addition, about 500 fragments of animal bone were discovered, as well as several dozen artefacts, most of which were for daily use. The preliminary analysis of the materials indicates that the hill was intensively used in the early Iron Age (the second half of the first millennium BC). At that time, the settlement was at least partially fortified and seems to have been permanently inhabited. The next phase of intensive use was in the early Middle Ages.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2016, 292, 2; 383-388
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ starożytnej schematyzacji mnemotechnicznej na kartografię średniowieczną i wczesnonowożytną
The influence of the ancient mnemonic schematisation for medieval and early-modern cartography
Autorzy:
Kochanek, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/612173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
kartografia średniowieczna
kartografia wczesnonowożytna
mnemotechnika
schematyzacja
medieval cartography
early-modern cartography
mnemonics
schematisation
Opis:
The article analyzes the ancient geographical schemes seen on the 75 medieval and early modern maps. Here distinguishes three types of schemes: 1. geographical and geometric, 2. chorographic, 3. topographic. The first type is based on the Globe of Crates of Malos and the acrostic of the name Adam. The second type includes Sicily, having a triangle scheme; Sardinia, having the shape of a human foot; Cyclades and Orkney, taking the form of a circle; Italia, having the shape of a triangle, a quadrangle, bull horns or the famous „Stivale”; Spain also schematized in the form of a triangle; Alps presented as ramparts of Italy and the mouth of the Nile, Rhine, Danube, Ganges and Indus in the form of the Greek letter delta. An example of the third type is the Caspian and Nubian Gates. The conclusion of the article is that, among the great number of ancient geographical schemes, medieval cartography preserved only those that survived in the encyclopedic works of such authors as Pliny, Solinus, Orosius, Macrobius, Martianus Capella, Isidore of Seville and Rabanus Maurus.
Źródło:
Vox Patrum; 2018, 69; 285-375
0860-9411
2719-3586
Pojawia się w:
Vox Patrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Winiety metropolii pentarchii na mapach średniowiecznych i wczesnonowożytnych
Vignettes of the pentarchy on the medieval and early modern world maps
Autorzy:
Kochanek, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/613656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Pentarchia
winiety
mapy średniowieczne i wczesnonowożytne
Pentarchy
vignettes
medieval maps
early modern maps
Opis:
The idea of the pentarchy directly expressed by Justinian I (527-565) – Novella 131 – is also perceptible in cartography. This paper examines the 41 medieval and early modern world maps in the context of the vignettes of the pentarchy. From the above analysis shows that almost every map from this period had a vignette of Jerusalem and 37 maps have a vignette of Rome. But only 28 maps have a vignette of Alexandria, 24 maps have a vignette of Constantinople, and 20 maps have a vignette of Antiochia. In the case of Jerusalem, a huge majority of vignettes is a sacred buildings (most often it is the Tomb of Christ). Only in three cases is a Holy Cross. In contrast, Rome’s vignettes represent both religious buildings and fortifications. As for the drawings on the vignettes of Antiochia, Alexandria, and Constantinople, the vast majority of them are character of fortifications. These vignettes are, on the one hand, a close relationship with the history of these cities, on the other hand, they are associated with the medieval and early modern politic ideology and theology. This paper is trying to capture and analyze these complicated, religious, political, and theological relationships, and explaining the meaning of these vignettes.
Źródło:
Vox Patrum; 2014, 62; 213-296
0860-9411
2719-3586
Pojawia się w:
Vox Patrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wielkopolska krainą grodów : krajobraz kulturowy kolebki państwa polskiego w świetle nowych ustaleń chronologicznych
Autorzy:
Kara, M.
Makohonienko, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/294691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Tematy:
Wielkopolska
Early Medieval period
cultural landscape
stronghold settlements
dendrochronology
Opis:
Development of the Early Medieval stronghold settlements in Wielkopolska (Great Poland) connected with the process of Polish state formation has been outlined. The new established chronology of the strongholds based on dendrodates, showed their younger age than it was previously deduced from archaeological chronology. The stronghold architecture was the main feature of the medieval cultural landscape of the region. In the light of historical records, archaeological data and palaeobotanical reconstructions, the Early Medieval Great Poland was a land of strongholds and arable fields.
Źródło:
Landform Analysis; 2011, 16; 20-25
1429-799X
Pojawia się w:
Landform Analysis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiadro obite blaszanymi okuciami z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Glinnie
Autorzy:
Kurasiński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
early medieval cemetery
buckets
grave goods
Piast State
Opis:
An early medieval plank bucket was discovered in grave no. 18 in a grave field in Glinn, Sieradz county. Possibly, the bucket was manufactured by local artisans as a result of borrowing foreign patterns and techniques. In the grave, its role most probably was to emphasise the social status of the deceased as it was probably his personal property.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2015, 56; 197-214
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weryfikacja śladów użytkowania kościanych szydeł i stilusów – studium eksperymentalne
Autorzy:
Stelmasiak, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-07-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
bone awls
bone stiluses
experiment
functional analysis
Early Medieval period
Opis:
Awls have been used for perforating various types of materials from the Paleolithic to the early medieval period, until they were replaced by their metal equivalents. Though the technology of the manufacture has changed, the form remained virtually the same, containing of a handle and a shaft. Stiluses are the component of the stationery set, which also consists of the wax tablets. The latter however, very rarely preserve to our times. Bone awls and stiluses are as well the common type of relics found on the early medieval sites. Recent studies were mainly oriented on their chronological and typological classification and on determining the place of their manufacture and the place of their use. Yet, there were no attempts of conducting a use wear analysis, which leads to the appropriate characteristic of these tools, previously obtained in a very generic way, mostly basing on their morphological features which is quite misleading, due to their overall similarity. That was an impulse to undertake research on that field. Conducted experiments and use-wear analysis resulted in obtaining an accessible way to distinguish bone awls from bone stiluses, which enabled authoress to apply this method on genuine artifacts from early medieval sites.
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2017, 22; 287-303
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wczesnośredniowieczny srebrny skarb z Tarnowa (Łekna). Informacje na temat jego odkrywania
An Early Medieval Silver Hoard from Tarnowo (Łekno). Data on the Process of Its Discovery
Autorzy:
Wyrwa, Andrzej Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:
Łekno
Tarnowo Pałuckie
Hedeby
łekneński kompleks osadniczy
rotunda w Łeknie
skarb wczesnośredniowieczny
denar Bolesława Chrobrego
dirhemy,
ozdoby,
monety czeskie
monety saskie
Łekno settlement complex
rotunda in Łekno
early medieval hoard
denar of Bolesław the Brave
dirhams
ornaments
Bohemian coins
Saxon coins
Opis:
The silver hoard from Site Ł5 in Łekno, the Wągrowiec Commune, which was discovered in 2007 and which was subsequently examined up to 2014, is a scattered one. As a consequence of ploughing and denudation, it was dragged over a quite vast area (see Fig. 5). It constitutes Part III of a hoard which was discovered here in 1861 by Wojciech Jankowiak and Antoni Łukaszewicz. Based on our findings, it can be said beyond doubt that it was found in the field of A. Łukaszewicz (Figs. 2, 3, and 4). Its Part II was gathered as a result of the activities of “treasure hunters” in 2004 [Bogucki 2006b]. This hoard (Parts I–III), as it can be said, based on hitherto preliminary findings (examinations are still in process), was deposited in a “trade settlement” situated to the west of the suburbium and the stronghold at Sites Ł3 and Ł4 in Tarnowo Pałuckie—that is, Medieval Łekno (see Figs. 1 and 2) in the late 10th c.—or in the first five years of the 11th c. at the latest. It occurred in the layer of humus and in the upper zone of Cultural Layer I (Trenches I, II, and III—cf. Fig. 5). It is a scattered-type hack-silver hoard. In the years 2007–2014, in the course of surveys and excavations, more than 630 finds related to the discussed hoard were discovered. Together with its 19th c. part (Part I) and Part II from 2004, it contains more than 841 finds. The contents of Part III of the hoard, discovered in 2007–2014, include: whole and fragmented coins, fragments of silver and cast lead/silvered jewellery, silver clumps, and wires. Concerning the coins, there are: Arabian dirhams (hacked) from the Abbāsid, Sāmānid and possibly Buvaihid?, Hamdānid?, and Ziyārid? dynasties (dated to between c. 815 and c. 976, according to the analysis by D. Malarczyk); silver coins (whole and fragmented)— according to a preliminary analysis by Z. Bartkowiak, they are West European: German denars of Otto and Adelheid, Heinrich, Otto, denars from the Cologne mint (?), Bavarian denars; Danish half-bracteates (Hedeby); denars of the Bohemian type, including a hybrid of a Bohemian denar, cross denars of Type I; Byzantine coins of Constantine VII and Roman II (945–959). A hitherto unknown hybrid of the Princes Polonie denar of Bolesław the Brave is also related to this assemblage [Bogucki 2006b, p. 181–182 ff.) The silver hoard from Tarnowo Pałuckie (Łekno) is a very significant find for defining settlement changes in the centre of the Łekno settlement complex, its settlement, economic-trade and architectural-construction structures, as well as for broader cultural phenomena within Greater Poland and its relations to the European cultural circle. All the finds from Part III of the hoard (coins, jewellery, silver clumps and wires, other finds) underwent detailed numismatic and art history studies, as well as specialist examinations—detailed non-invasive metallographic examinations and conservation ( J. Strobin and M. Sawczak). The results of these examinations and the hoard itself (the catalogue with specialist examinations) will be published in a separate monograph devoted to this discovery after all the examinations are completed. Apart from the planned monograph, details of a 9th c. sword scabbard chape from this hoard have already been published [Wyrwa, Janiwski 2014].
Źródło:
Studia Lednickie; 2014, 13; 95-111
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:
Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wczesnośredniowieczne znaki garncarskie z wykopalisk przy placu Nowy Targ we Wrocławiu
Early medieval pottery marks from the excavations at Nowy Targ square in Wrocław
Autorzy:
Kmiecik, Piotr
Szwed, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36123630.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych
Tematy:
ceramika wczesnośredniowieczna
znak garncarski
Wrocław
archeologia
wczesne średniowiecze
early medieval ceramics
pottery mark
archeology
early Middle Ages
Opis:
Artykuł omawia wczesnośredniowieczne fragmenty ceramiki z zachowanymi znakami garncarskimi odnalezione w trakcie badań archeologiczno-architektonicznych w pobliżu placu Nowy Targ we Wrocławiu. Przedstawiono okoliczności i kontekst odkrycia, przeprowadzono próbę datowania i przedstawiono jego możliwe znaczenie dla dalszych badań nad najwcześniejszymi fazami rozwoju organizmu miejskiego Wrocławia.
The article discusses early medieval pottery fragments with preserved pottery marks, found during the archaeological and architectural research in the vicinity of Nowy Targ square in Wrocław. The paper presents circumstances and context of the discovery, its possible significance for further research on the earliest stages of the development of the urban structure of Wrocław and gives the first attempt to its dating.
Źródło:
Szkło i Ceramika; 2022, 73, 3; 43-46
0039-8144
Pojawia się w:
Szkło i Ceramika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wczesnośredniowieczne monety z X i XI w. w zbiorach Ossolineum
Coins of the 10th and 11th Centuries in the Collection of the Ossolinski National Institute (Ossolineum)
Autorzy:
Butent-Stefaniak, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2089960.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Ossolineum
early medieval coinage
hoards
mennictwo wczesnośredniowieczne
skarby
Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne
Źródło:
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne; 2020, 64; 213-230
0043-5155
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wczesnopiastowskie cmentarzysko rzędowe w Gołuniu, gm. Pobiedziska, woj. wielkopolskie
The Early Medieval Row Cemetery in Gołuń, the Pobiedziska Commune, the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship
Autorzy:
Andrałojć, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:
Gołuń
cmentarzysko rzędowe
cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne
cmentarzysko wczesnopiastowskie groby wojowników
topór typu M
paciorki mozaikowe
row cemetery
Early Medieval cemetery
Early Piast cemetery
warrior graves
Type M axe
mosaic beads
Opis:
This work discusses the results of rescue excavations in the Early Medieval row cemetery in Gołuń, the Pobiedziska Commune. 17 ares were examined, out of which the necropolis took up the area of 13.21 ares. Prehistoric and Late Medieval finds were also recorded in the cemetery. The cemetery in Gołuń is situated in the Gniezno Lake District, in an area which is pretty diversified with regard to its hypsometry. There are a few more prominent rises of terrain, and one of these, located near a small watercourse, was occupied by the examined necropolis (Fig. 1). All immovable features and finds related to the cemetery were discussed in detail in the catalogue. The catalogue is divided into two principal parts — one of which contains descriptions of graves, including those preserved in situ and destroyed, while the other iscusses the remaining features found within the necropolis: empty grave pits and bonfires. All the graves contained inhumation burials and the dead were buried directly at the bottom of grave pits (perhaps in one case the body was covered with bog soil). 42 graves in situ containing one burial in each were discovered. Further discoveries included 1 grave with the remains of 2 persons as well as bones belonging to 10 individuals, which came from destroyed graves. Almost all out of the 44 burials which were not destroyed were located along the E–W axis or with some deviation to the N and S from it, according to the alignment of the grave pits. The arrangement of skeletons from two graves (24 and 38) which are aligned along the N–E axis is at variance with this principle. Furthermore, these two graves disturb the row arrangement of the cemetery. On the other hand, one can see some sort of regularity for the cemetery in Gołuń, as women were deposited with their heads to the west and men — with their heads to the east. The anthropological analysis demonstrates that most of the dead were men (26 persons — c. 48%), while the women were buried in 14 graves (nearly 26%). Persons whose sex was not assessed constituted about 26% altogether, including children. The nature of the grave inventories (recorded in c. 61.5% of graves) and the co-occurrence of given funds were analysed (Tables 1–2). Deformations of bone materials (e.g., a successful skull trepanation was recorded) as well as the stratigraphy of this basically single-layer cemetery are also discussed. In the work an analysis of all the portable finds discovered in the cemetery was carried out. 3 groups of finds were isolated: artefacts and tools of daily use (knives — 17 items in the graves and 1 in a secondary deposit; a bronze fitting of a leather knife sheath, vessels — 4 in the graves, 1 in the top of an empty grave pit, 1 in a secondary deposit; 2 staved buckets with iron rims; 4 phyllite whetstones; 1 double fire striker; an iron hoof; a clay spindle whorl, an iron awl and 4 artefacts with unclear functions), weaponry (a Type M iron axe and two pairs of spurs belonging to Type I:2 according to Hilczerówna, including one with a pair of buckles) and ornaments (2 silver temple rings; 2 necklaces having 9 beads each — Tab. 3, including 2 mosaic beads; a bronze bell-shaped pendant) and a single find — a silver clump. Concerning other features discovered in the area of the cemetery in Gołuń, 5 features were classified as unused grave pits based on their formal traits, while one of these may have been a cenotaph (a vessel was found in the top of this feature). Another two features — bonfires, which did not disturb graves but overlapped them — are believed to have been related to post-funeral ceremonies. C14 dating (AD 985–1043, cf. Fig. 21) demonstrates that the functioning of the cemetery in Gołuń should be dated to between the late 10th and the mid-11th c. This is also coherent with the results of a typological-chronological analysis of the discovered finds: such as first of all the Type M axe (finds from Greater Poland are dated to the first half of the 11th c.), Type I iron spurs (chiefly dated to the 10th-mid-11th c. in Central and Northern Europe), and a silver bead taken from an earring of Type Świątki, which were in use from the mid- 10th to the late 11th c., or perhaps only to the mid-11th c. Two glass polyhedral mosaic beads with a few groups of “eyelets,” probably coming from Scandinavia or Rus’, are dated to about 1000 and they belong to artefacts with a more precise chronology among those found in the “Gołuń” necropolis. Both temple rings found in the cemetery are dated to between c. the mid-10th c. and the early (?) 13th c. However, their small dimensions (Variant A according to Kóčka-Krenz) rather suggest the first half of this period. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of clay vessels of the Type Menkendorf-Szczecin and Type Vipperov demonstrate that we are dealing with partially slow-wheel made forms which became obsolete and the occurrence of fully slow-wheel made vessels. Therefore, it is justified to propose the first half of the 11th c. as the chronology for the pottery finds. Phyllite whetstones have one quality which confirms the assumed chronology of the cemetery, as in the Baltic Sea zone they have been most commonly discovered among finds from the 10th–11th c. Bronze bell-shaped pendants and staved buckets with iron rims are most often recorded in Poland in necropolises dated to the 10th/11th–11th c. The remaining artefacts, such as the fire striker, the hoof, some other types of beads and the bronze fitting of the leather sheath of a knife, although having a broader chronology, are also discovered in grave inventories which are contemporary to the cemetery in Gołuń. Furthermore, the fittings of knife sheaths with extended upper parts (as it is the case with the Gołuń find) occurred already in finds from early phases in Birka. The sparse stratigraphic relations between the graves, their low number and the relatively small area of the necropolis also suggest that it was in use for a rather short period of time. The necropolis in Gołuń belongs to a type of Early Medieval row cemeteries, which were not located next to churches. It is possible to isolate two zones of this burial ground. The main one — the southern, western and northern parts — consisted of 4 rows, running from the north to the south. However, the arrangement of some parts (especially the central one) is disturbed (Fig. 5). The cemetery with such a spatial layout is adjoined from the south-east by a much smaller cluster of 17 graves (2–3 rows), some of them overlapping each other. Within these two main parts of the necropolis one could make an attempt at isolating smaller units of division. This brings some order and reveals a better spatial organization of the cemetery in Gołuń. This is a hypothetical division, as no traces of fences were recorded in the course of excavation works. When analysing the positions of the graves in the cemetery in Gołuń one can isolate as many as 10 such smaller zones/quarters, which were marked with Roman letters from I to X (Fig. 22). The central part of the necropolis in Gołuń is taken up by Quarter I, with dimensions of c. 8 × 10 m. Only 4 graves were located in it, but they stand out with regard to their grave furnishings. In an empty square which can be seen in the centre of the southern part of the cemetery in Gołuń, no remains were discovered, which could imply an existence of any structure fulfilling a role of a sacral building, e.g., a small wooden church or a cemetery chapel. On the basis of the number of discovered graves and taking the data on destroyed burials into consideration, one can suppose that the cemetery was used by a small local community for some dozen years. Among the finds which were recorded together with the burials of the dead, one’s attention is attracted to grave goods which testify to the formation of a group of warriors, related to the Early Piast monarchy — which was coming into existence at that time. There is no doubt that two women buried with necklaces composed of 9 beads each, belonged to the group of wealthier members of the community using the necropolis. The knife in a leather sheath which is fitted with a bronze sheet with rich ornamentation, which was found in Grave 30, should also be regarded as a luxurious artefact. The analysis of the Archaeological Record of Poland’s research results, demonstrated that the cemetery is situated on the edge of an area which was used in an enormously intensive manner in the Early Middle Ages. The cemetery in Gołuń was probably one of the burial grounds which were used by this broader community, inhabiting the mentioned settlements.
Źródło:
Studia Lednickie; 2015, 14; 15-176
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:
Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Warunki klimatyczne okresu średniowiecza a powstanie, rozwój i upadek grodziska na Zawodziu w Kaliszu
Autorzy:
Hildebrandt-Radke, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/295270.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Tematy:
Early Medieval stronghold
valley Prosna
early medieval climate optimum
Little Ice Age
Opis:
The early medieval stronghold in Kalisz was established in the ninth century among the branches of meandering Prosna river. The stronghold's castle was located on the floodplain terrace of Prosna river at an altitude of 100-108 m asl. In the tenth and eleventh centuries numerous redevelopments within the town occurred. In the early thirteenth century, as a result of fightings among dukes, the stronghold was exposed to destruction. Long-term flooding (1221-1223) resulted in the change of the main Prosna river channel. Prosna no longer assured the settlement with defensive functions. The above, and subsequent invasion of duke Henry I the Bearded (Henryk Brodaty) on Zawodzie in 1233, determined moving the castle on a fluvial terrace, in today's center of Kalisz.
Źródło:
Landform Analysis; 2011, 16; 69-72
1429-799X
Pojawia się w:
Landform Analysis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W kwestii początków wczesnego średniowiecza w rejonie niecki jezior bnińskich
On the beginnings of the early middle ages in the area of the bnin lakes basin
Autorzy:
Machajewski, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1886823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
settlement
the early medieval culture
Wielkopolska
Opis:
The development of archaeological research justifies the need for re-appraising previous conclusions. In the case of the Bnin Lakes Basin (Wielkopolska), the research pertains to the settlement at the early stage of the early Middle Ages. Human settlement developed dynamically at phase B of the early Middle Ages. To date, settlement from phase A has not been discovered in the Basin. The same holds true for the basin of the central river Warta.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2021, 62; 107-114
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vignetten von Konstantinopel in den Mittelalterlichen und Frühneuzeitlichen Karten. Die Entwicklung eines Graphischen Topos der Stadt (Winiety Konstantynopola na mapach średniowiecznych i wczesno-nowożytnych. Ewolucja graficznego toposu miasta)
Vignettes of Constantinople in the medieval and early modern maps. The evolution of a graphic topos of the city
Autorzy:
Kochanek, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/613062.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Konstantinopel
Vignetten
mittelalterliche und frühneuzeitliche Karten
medieval and early modern Maps
Constantinople
vignettes
Opis:
The article is based on the analysis of 45 vignettes of Constantinople, which are on the maps created in the years 775-1679. This study has been divided into two parts. The first part contains „metrics” of the analyzed maps (1-41B), arranged in chronological order, and table (I), in which reproductions of the above-mentioned 45 vignettes of the Greek Metropolis were placed. The layout of this table corresponds with the layout of the „metrics” of the maps. The second part of the article consists of seven tables (II-VIII), in which the material from table I was used. These tabular statements represent different variants of the graphic topos of Constantinople, accompanied by analytical comments. And so table II groups vignettes presenting Constantinople as a fortified town. Table III collects, in turn, vignettes that depict the City as a donjon or burg. Table IV contains the vignettes on which Constantinople has a scheme of the defensive city gate. Table V, in turn, shows the evolution of the graphic topos of the City, in which the elements of sacral architecture dominate, emphasizing the importance of Constantinople as one of the capitals of Pentarchy. Table VI, on the other hand, collects mini view (vedute) of the Greek Metropolis. In turn, Table VII shows the city’s fortifications from the profile, and in front of them locates the Genoese district of Pera, lying on the other side of the Golden Horn. Finally, the last table (VIII) presents the vignettes whose graphic content does not fit into any of the above mentioned topoi. As a consequence, the article distinguishes six graphical topoi of Constantinople (Table II-VII), which can be found on its cartographic vignettes between 775 and 1679.
Artykuł jest oparty na analizie 45 winiet Konstantynopola, które znajdują się na mapach powstałych w latach 775-1679. Opracowanie niniejsze zostało podzielone na dwie części. Pierwsza część zawiera „metryki” analizowanych map (1-41B), ułożone w porządku chronologicznym, oraz tabelę (I), w która umieszczono reprodukcje wspomnianych wyżej 45 winiet greckiej metropolii. Układ tej tabeli koresponduje z układem „metryk” map. Druga część artykułu składa się z siedmiu tabel (II-VIII), w których wykorzystano materiał z tabeli I. Te tabelaryczne zestawienia przedstawiają różne warianty graficznego toposu Konstantynopola, a towarzyszą im analityczne komentarze. I tak tabela II grupuje winiety prezentujące Konstantynopol jako miasto-twierdzę. Tabela III zbiera z kolei winiety, które wyobrażają Miasto w formie donżonu lub burgu. Tabela IV zawiera winiety, na których Konstantynopol posiada schemat bramy obronnej. Z kolei tabela V ukazuje ewolucję graficznego toposu miasta, w którym dominują elementy architektury sakralnej, podkreślając znaczenie Konstantynopola jako jednej ze stolic Pentarchii. Natomiast tabela VI zbiera mini-weduty greckiej metropolii. Z kolei tabela VII ukazuje fortyfikacje Miasta z profilu, a naprzeciw nich lokalizuje genueńską dzielnicę Pera, leżącą po drugiej stronie Złotego Rogu. Wreszcie ostatnia tabela (VIII) przedstawia te winiety, których graficzna treść nie przystaje do żadnego z wyżej wymienionych toposów. W konsekwencji artykuł wyróżnia sześć graficznych toposów Konstantynopola (tab. II-VII), uchwytnych na jego kartograficznych winietach między rokiem 775 a 1679.
Źródło:
Vox Patrum; 2018, 70; 395-448
0860-9411
2719-3586
Pojawia się w:
Vox Patrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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