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Tytuł:
The Relationship of Dust Exposure with Respiratory Disorders Symptoms Among Textile Industry Workers
Autorzy:
Berlian, Alifia Intan
Setiani, Onny
Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani
Raharjo, Mursid
Darundiati, Yusniar Hanani
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
dust exposure
respiratory symptoms
textile industry
Opis:
Preliminary study of the total dust exposure in the textile industry of Semarang city is 233 μg/Nm3, which exceeds the quality standard. The high concentration of dust is influenced by increased productivity, so that it has the potential as a source of pollutants that can affect the respiratory system of workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dust exposure and respiratory disorders symptoms in workers. The method used is a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 161 people and 6 points of dust measurement locations. The Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 24 with Chi square and Binary logistic regression tests to determine the relationship. The results showed that the average dust concentration exceeded the quality standard, namely 4 location points for PM2.5, 1 location point for PM10, and 2 location points for total dust. The average exposure to respirable dust is 3.93 μg/m3, which exceeds the quality standard. A total of 57% of workers experienced symptoms of respiratory disorders with the results of bivariate statistical analysis of 5 significant variables, namely PM2.5 (p = 0.021), PM10 (p = 0.002), total dust (p = 0.000), respirable dust (p = 0.002), and working period (p = 0.037). Meanwhile, the results of the binary logistic regression test had 2 significant variables, namely total dust (p = 0.000) and respirable dust (p = 0.006). The conclusion of this study is that total dust and respirable dust that exceed the quality standard have a higher risk of causing respiratory disorders symptoms with a probability of 71.6% and dust may be minimized by adding a pneumablo to each machine.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 3; 35--46
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chronic respiratory symptoms of poultry farmers and model-based estimates of long-term dust exposure
Autorzy:
Guillam, M.T.
Pedrono, G.
Le Bouquin, S.
Huneau, A.
Gaudon, J.
Leborgne, R.
Dewitte, J.D.
Segala, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
chronic respiratory disease
poultry farm
farmer
long-term exposure
dust exposure
occupational exposure
respirable dust
task
environment monitoring
chronic bronchitis
bronchitis
human disease
occupational disease
Opis:
Objectives. The airborne contaminant exposure levels experienced by poultry farmers have raised concerns about the possible health hazards associated with them. Thus, a longitudinal project was instituted in France to monitor these exposures in poultry workers and to evaluate the long-term effect on health. Method. Sixty-three workers in two different poultry housing systems were included (33 from floor-based systems and 30 from cage-based systems). Personal dust concentrations (over 2 days) and activity patterns (over 14 days) were collected and then modeled to obtain average long-term estimates. Health data were collected by questionnaire. Results. The mean daily time spent in the cage system was more than 2 hours longer than in the floor system. Two main common tasks accounted for ~70% of this time. Dust concentrations were higher in the floor system than in the cage system. The concentrations for the 14 days of known activity patterns estimated using the statistical model agreed well with the measured values. Several chronic respiratory symptoms were significantly associated with the high levels of long-term exposure estimated by the model. The highest risk was for chronic bronchitis symptoms (>4-fold higher for exposures of 0.1 mg/m3 of respirable dust). Conclusion. The presented modeling strategy can be used to estimate the long-term average personal exposure to respirable dust, and to study the association between dust exposure and chronic respiratory symptoms. This population of workers will be followed-up in subsequent examinations (3 years later) to determine whether the predictive model is valid, and whether long-term dust exposure is related to the incidence of respiratory symptoms and changes in pulmonary functions.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2013, 20, 2
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A novel inhalation challenge set to study animal model of allergic alveolitis
Autorzy:
Golec, M
Skorska, C.
Lemieszek, M.
Dutkiewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52160.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
inhalation challenge
allergic alveolitis
animal model
mice
mouse
bioaerosol
organic dust
dust
microbial allergen
Pantoea agglomerans
dust exposure
human disease
respiratory tract
skin
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2009, 16, 1; 173-175
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cathelicidin LL-37, granzymes, TGF-beta1 and cytokines levels in induced sputum from farmers with and without COPD
Autorzy:
Golec, M
Reichel, C.
Mackiewicz, B.
Skorska, C.
Curzytek, K.
Lemieszek, M.
Dutkiewicz, J.
Gora, A.
Ziesche, R.
Boltuc, J.
Sodolska, K.
Milanowski, J.
Spiewak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
cathelicidin LL-37
peptide
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD zob.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
sputum
farmer
human disease
organic dust
ELISA test
spirometric value
sputum sample
dust exposure
cytokine
lipopolysaccharide
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2009, 16, 2; 289-297
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wytyczne stosowania Międzynarodowej Klasyfikacji Radiogramów Pylic Płuc Międzynarodowego Biura Pracy (ILO) – istotne zmiany w obecnie obowiązującej edycji
Guidelines for the use of the International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses of the International Labour Office (ILO): Substantial changes in the currrent edition
Autorzy:
Muszyńska-Graca, Maja
Dąbkowska, Beata
Brewczyński, Piotr Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-22
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
pylice płuc
klasyfikacja ILO
radiogramy klatki piersiowej
diagnostyka pylicy
choroby zawodowe
narażenie na pył
pneumoconioses
ILO classification
chest radiographs
pneumoconiosis diagnostics
occupational diseases
dust exposure
Opis:
Międzynarodowa Klasyfikacja Radiogramów Pylic Płuc jest opracowanym przez Międzynarodowe Biuro Pracy (International Labour Office – ILO) w Genewie schematem pozwalającym na rejestrowanie stwierdzonych w obrazie radiologicznym zmian w obrębie klatki piersiowej w sposób uporządkowany, powtarzalny i umożliwiający dokonywanie porównań. Ma ona zastosowanie w diagnozowaniu zmian spowodowanych narażeniem na pyły. Publikowane w postaci broszury Wytyczne Stosowania Międzynarodowej Klasyfikacji Radiogramów Pylic Płuc ILO zawierają szczegółowe informacje i wskazówki dotyczące posługiwania się schematem klasyfikacji radiogramów oraz standardu wykonania i zapisu badania radiologicznego klatki piersiowej. Dla ułatwienia interpretacji broszurze towarzyszy zestaw radiogramów standardowych obrazujących typowe, objęte klasyfikacją zmiany w obrębie miąższu płuc, a także opłucnej. Niniejsza praca prezentuje najistotniejsze informacje i modyfikacje wprowadzone w wydaniach wytycznych ILO z roku 2000 i 2011. Zmiany te obejmują m.in. ocenę jakości radiogramów, sposób prezentowania zmian zarejestrowanych w radiogramach standardowych (zestaw QUAD, obraz cyfrowy) oraz kodowanie obserwowanych odchyleń w obrazie klatki piersiowej niezwiązanych z narażeniem na pył. Szczególnie istotne uzupełnienia wynikają z rozwoju technik radiologicznego obrazowania płuc. Dotyczą one klasyfikowania radiograficznych obrazów klatki piersiowej zapisanych w technice cyfrowej. Med. Pr. 2016;67(6):833–837
The International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses is the scheme worked out by the International Labour Office in Geneva (ILO), to register radiographic chest abnormalities in a well-ordered, reproducible and comparable way. It is used for diagnosing abnormalities caused by dust exposure. Guidelines for the use of the ILO International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses contain detailed information and recommendations on how to use the classification, as well as how the chest X-ray examination should be performed and recorded. To facilitate the diagnosis of observed abnormalities the classification is completed by the set of standard radiograms illustrating typical irregularities referring to lungs and pleura, included in the classification. The article presents the key information on classification and the most important amendments adopted in the 2000 and 2011 ILO guidelines revisions. These changes refer to radiographs quality assessment, the way of presenting abnormalities registered in standard radiographs (QUAD set, digital images) and registration of failures not related to dust exposure. Particularly important complements result from the development of radiological imaging techniques. They are concerned about the classification of radiographic images of the chest recorded digitally. Med Pr 2016;67(6):833–837
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2016, 67, 6; 833-837
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Azbest - kłopotliwa spuścizna
Asbestos – a cumbersome legacy
Autorzy:
Foltyn, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/180439.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
azbest
narażenie na pył azbestowy
usuwanie azbestu
asbestos
exposure to asbestos dust
asbestos removal
Opis:
W artykule zwrócono uwagę na skutki zdrowotne narażenia na działanie pyłu azbestowego, omówiono inicjatywy organizacji międzynarodowych (MOP i Komitetu Wyższych Inspektorów Pracy Komisji Europejskiej) zmierzające do podniesienia świadomości społecznej szkodliwości tych zagrożeń oraz inicjatywy ukierunkowane na ochronę zdrowia pracowników wykonujących prace związane z usuwaniem azbestu. Omówiono działalność kontrolną i wnioski wynikające z kontroli przestrzegania przepisów bezpieczeństwa i higieny prowadzone przez inspektorów PIP podczas wykonywania tych prac.
This article discusses the health effects of exposure to asbestos dust, the initiatives of international organisations (ILO, Senior Labour Inspectors Committee of the EC) aimed at raising the awareness of the general public with respect to the harmfulness of asbestos and the initiatives aimed at improving the protection of health of employees involved in removing asbestos. This article also discusses inspection activities and conclusions resulting from the health and safety inspections carried out by National Labour Inspectorate inspectors.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2007, 4; 16-19
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Children’s residential exposure to selected allergens and microbial indicators: endotoxins and (1→3)-β-D-glucans
Autorzy:
Kozajda, Anna
Bródka, Karolina
Sowiak, Małgorzata
Sobala, Wojciech
Polańska, Kinga
Jurewicz, Joanna
Hanke, Wojciech
Szadkowska-Stańczyk, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
children exposure
residential exposure
allergens
settled dust
endotoxins
glucans
Opis:
Objectives: The study was aimed at assessment of exposure to endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and mite, cockroach, cat, dog allergens present in settled dust in premises of children as agents which may be significantly correlated with the occurrence of allergic symptoms and diseases in children. Materials and Methods: The study covered 50 homes of one- or two-year-old children in Poland. Samples of settled dust were taken from the floor and the child's bed. The levels of (1→3)-β-D-glucans (floor), endotoxins (floor) and allergens of mite, cat, dog and cockroach (floor and bed) were analyzed. Results: Average geometric concentrations (geometric standard deviation) of endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucans, Der p1, Fel d1, Can f1 and Bla g1 in children homes were on the floor 42 166.0 EU/g (3.2), 20 478.4 ng/g (2.38), 93.9 ng/g (6.58), 119.8 ng/g (13.0), 288.9 ng/g (3.4), 0.72 U/g (4.4) and in their beds (only allergens) 597.8 ng/g (14.2), 54.1 ng/g (4.4), 158.6 ng/g (3.1) 0.6 U/g (2.9), respectively. When the floor was covered with the carpet, higher concentrations of endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and allergens (each type) were found in the settled dust (p < 0.05). The trend was opposite in case of allergens (except dog) analyzed from bed dust and significantly higher concentrations were found in the rooms with smooth floor (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Among the analyzed factors only the type of floor significantly modified both the level of biological indicators and allergens. The results of this study could be the base for verifying a hypothesis that carpeting may have a protective role against high levels of cockroach, dog and cat allergens.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2013, 26, 6; 870-889
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dust exposure and health of workers in duck hatcheries
Autorzy:
Guillam, Marie-Thérèse
Martin, Sylvie
Le Guelennec, Marine
Puterflam, Julie
Le Bouquin, Sophie
Huneau-Salaün, Adeline
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
occupational exposure
hatchery
organic dust
asthma
allergic rhinitis
Opis:
Objectives. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to investigate dust exposure and respiratory health of workers in duck hatcheries in western France. Method. Ninety volunteer workers, who work in sorting rooms and/or incubation rooms, participated in exposure assessments and medical examinations. Medical examinations were performed by occupational health practitioners. They filled-in a questionnaire with the workers, followed by a lung function test on each worker. General characteristics and prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms were described in each type of working rooms. Associations between symptoms and exposure (working room or dust level) were studied in GEE multivariate models. Results. Overall prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm) and chronic bronchitis were similar or lower than in the reference population. However, prevalence of these symptoms was higher for those working in sorting rooms, that were associated with an increased risk of respiratory symptoms and decreased lung function. Respirable dust was also significantly associated with an increased risk of respiratory symptoms. The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis were well above those in the reference population, but did not vary among working rooms. Descriptive data suggested an occupational origin for some cases. Conclusion. Hatchery workers were at increased risk of compromised respiratory health due to dust exposure, particularly those who work in sorting rooms. Asthma and rhinitis were in excess in this population of workers. Thorough clinical examination of these workers should be performed and all exposures assessed.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2017, 24, 3
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Occupational exposure to organic dust, microorganisms, endotoxin and peptidoglycan among plants processing workers in Poland
Autorzy:
Gora, A
Mackiewicz, B.
Krawczyk, P.
Golec, M.
Skorska, C.
Sitkowska, J.
Cholewa, G.
Larsson, L.
Jarosz, M.
Wojcik-Fatla, A.
Dutkiewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
occupational exposure
organic dust
dust
microorganism
endotoxin
plant processing
worker
Polska
peptidoglycan
bioaerosol
agricultural industry
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2009, 16, 1; 143-150
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Indoor allergens in settled dust from kindergartens in city of Łódź, Poland
Autorzy:
Cyprowski, Marcin
Buczyńska, Alina
Szadkowska-Stańczyk, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179064.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
indoor allergens
settled dust
environmental exposure
allergen transportation
kindergartens
children
Opis:
Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine the levels of house dust mite (Der p1), dog (Can f1), cat (Fel d1) and cockroach (Bla g2) allergens in kindergartens localized in an urban agglomeration. Material and Methods: A quantitative analysis of allergens was carried out in settled dust samples collected by vacuuming the floor surface in three kindergartens (N = 84) and children's clothing (N = 36). The samples were collected in springsummer and autumn-winter periods as well as at the beginning and end of the week. The allergen dust concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Results: The mean geometric concentrations (±geometric standard deviations) of allergens Der p1, Can f1, Fel d1 and Bla g2 determined in kindergartens were: 0.02±3.21 μg/g of dust; 0.97±4.49 μg/g of dust; 0.30±4.43 μg/g of dust and 0.01±3.08 μg/g of dust, respectively. Younger classrooms (children aged from 3 to 4 years) were characterized by almost twice higher mean concentration of allergen Fel d1, as compared to older classrooms (children aged from 5 to 6 years) (p < 0.05). A significant impact of seasonality on the level of dog allergen Can f1 was found (p < 0.05). No significant weekly variation was found in average concentrations of the allergens. Children who had a dog and/or cat at home were characterized by high concentrations of allergens Can f1 and Fel d1 on their clothes (59.2±5.39 μg Can f1/g of dust; 3.63±1.47 μg Fel d1/g of dust), significantly higher than concentrations of allergens in children who did not have any pets (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Special attention should be paid to keeping the kindergarten rooms tidy and clean and to an appropriate choice of furnishings and fittings which would prevent the proliferation of the house dust mite and accumulation of allergens.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2013, 26, 6; 890-899
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Health effects of exposure to organic dust in workers of a modern hatchery
Autorzy:
Skorska, C
Mackiewicz, B.
Golec, M.
Cholewa, G.
Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska, A.
Dutkiewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
occupational exposure
poultry farm
egg laying house
work-related symptom
organic dust
allergy
dust
hatchery worker
Opis:
The aim of the presented study was to determine the health status of workers occupationally exposed to moderate amounts of organic dust, employed in a modern hatchery with an effi cient ventilation system. A group of 32 hatchery workers was examined. As a reference group, 50 urban dwellers not exposed to any kind of organic dust were examined. All people were interviewed for the presence of work-related symptoms and subjected to physical and spirometric examinations. Blood sera were examined for the presence of precipitins against 13 antigens associated with organic dust, and for the presence of total and chicken-specifi c No signifi cant differences were found between the spirometric values in the group of hatchery workers and the reference group. Positive precipitin reactions were noted mostly with the antigens of Gram-negative bacteria associated with organic dust. The frequencies of positive reactions to antigens of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii in hatchery workers were signifi cantly greater compared to the reference group (p<0.05). Precipitin reactions to Gram-positive non-branching bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and bird protein, were rare or absent. The mean concentration of total IgE in sera of hatchery workers was nearly 3 times greater compared to the reference group, and the difference proved to be statistically signifi cant (p<0.05). No specifi c IgE antibodies against chicken feathers were detected in the blood of hatchery workers and referents. In conclusion, the examined hatchery workers showed a moderate frequency of work-related symptoms, no decline in lung function and low reactivity to most microbial and bird protein allergens. These results suggest that the effects of exposure to organic dust in workers of modern hatcheries with an effi cient ventilation system are less compared to the workers of poultry farms, such as broiler or egg laying houses.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2007, 14, 2
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Respiratory symptoms of exposure to substances in the workplace among dental laboratory technicians
Autorzy:
Stoeva, Iliyana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082668.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-04-09
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
dust
respiratory symptoms
acrylic resins
daily exposure
atopic disorder
dental technicians
Opis:
Background: As dental technicians are exposed to a variety of airborne chemicals that can act as irritants and sensitizers, and may give rise to work-related respiratory symptoms, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms of exposure to substances in the workplace and associated risk factors in dental laboratory technicians. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 539 dental technicians in the Plovdiv region using a self-report questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in order to investigate the relationship between sex, work experience, daily exposure to chemicals from the dental environment, and a history of atopic disorder with work-related respiratory symptoms. Results: A total of 539 dental technicians completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of self-reported work-related respiratory symptoms was 26.2%. Based on logistic regression, the most significant factors associated with work-related respiratory symptoms were daily exposure of >8 h (OR = 5.83, 95% CI: 1.96–17.34) and the lack of a ventilation system (OR = 4.26, 95% CI: 2.39–7.58). Dental technicians with work experience of <5 years more often reported work-related respiratory symptoms (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.14–3.44) compared to those with long-term exposure of >20 years. A personal history of asthma (OR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.39–10.07), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.29–3.41) and atopic dermatitis (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.23–4.38) was also associated with work-related respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that work-related respiratory symptoms are frequent among dental technicians and occur early in their career. A more comprehensive study should be conducted throughout the country in order to estimate the prevalence, and to establish effective programs and techniques of preventing work-related respiratory symptoms in dental technicians. Med Pr. 2021;72(2):105–11
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2021, 72, 2; 105-111
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Endotoxin exposure and changes in short-term pulmonary function among sewage workers
Autorzy:
Cyprowski, Marcin
Sobala, Wojciech
Buczyńska, Alina
Szadkowska-Stańczyk, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177186.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-25
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
sewage workers
endotoxin exposure
inhalable dust
smoking
lung function
regression analysis
Opis:
Objectives The inhaled endotoxin is considered as a causative factor in the process of acute bronchial obstruction, which can be measured by a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁). The aim of this study was to assess endotoxin exposure among sewage treatment plant workers (STPW) and its effect on across-shift changes in respiratory airflow. Material and Methods A group of 78 STPW from a large sewage treatment plant was studied. Inhalable dust for endotoxin assessment was collected using personal aerosol samplers. Endotoxin was assayed with the kinetic, chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Across-shift spirometric measurements were performed on Mondays, after 2-days absence from work, with the use of portable spirometer. The forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV₁ parameters were analyzed. Multifactor regression modeling was performed to determine parameters significantly associated with endotoxin exposure. Results The concentration of inhalable dust and endotoxin ranged from 0.01–1.38 mg/m³ and 0.68–214 endotoxin units per cubic meter of air (EU/m³), respectively. Endotoxins were characterized with the skewed distribution (arithmetic mean (AM) = 38.8 EU/m³, geometric mean (GM) = 15.4 EU/m³, geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 4.21). Through the use of multifactor analysis, which excluded the main confounders (inhalable dust and smoking habit) it was found that, despite low levels of endotoxin, it had significant impact on the observed across-shift decline in FEV₁ (p = 0.044). For this parameter, the regression slope was additionally calculated (r = –0.017, p = 0.071). Conclusions Relatively low levels of endotoxin among sewage treatment plant workers may cause small, but significant across-shift declines in FEV₁. The observed relationship was independent of organic dust concentrations and smoking habit. The respiratory protection should be provided for STPW.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 5; 803-811
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Respiratory Morbidity Induced by Occupational Inhalation Exposure to High Concentrations of Wheat Flour Dust
Autorzy:
Neghab, M.
Soltanzadeh, A.
Alipour, A.
Hasanzadeh, J.
Alipour, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
flour dust
occupational exposure
respiratory symptoms
functional impairments of the lungs
Opis:
Introduction. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the respiratory effects of exposure to high airborne concentrations of wheat flour dust. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out at a local wheat flour mill in Shiraz, southern Iran. Thirty-five male workers exposed to flour dust and 32 healthy male nonexposed employees were investigated. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among them was evaluated and parameters of their pulmonary function were measured. Moreover, to assess the extent to which subjects were exposed to flour dust, airborne concentrations of its inhalable and respirable fractions were measured.Results. Airborne concentrations of dust exceeded current permissible level. The prevalence of regular cough, productive cough, wheezing, phlegm and dyspnea was significantly higher in exposed subjects than in nonexposed employees. Similarly, both acute and chronic significant (p < .05) decrements in most parameters of pulmonary function were noted. Conclusions. Our findings provide corroborative evidence to further support the notion that exposure to flour dust is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms as well as ventilator disorders of the lungs.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2012, 18, 4; 563-569
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The respiratory effects of toner exposure according to long-term occupational toner handling history: A longitudinal analysis, 2004–2013
Autorzy:
Hasegawa, Masayuki
Kitamura, Hiroko
Ikegami, Kazunori
Masuda, Masashi
Kakiuchi, Noriaki
Matsushita, Tetsuhiro
Kuga, Hiroaki
Uchiyama, Tetsuro
Kurogi, Kazushiro
Mizuno, Mitsuhito
Ogami, Akira
Higashi, Toshiaki
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162039.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
respiratory disease
printer
toner dust
longitudinal analyses
respiratory effects
occupational exposure
Opis:
Objectives This report shows the relationship between toner exposure and respiratory effects for individuals with a longterm occupational toner-handling history, from 2004 to 2013. Material and Methods Authors studied 752 Japanese male workers in toner handling workshops. A total of 673 men who participated in an annual monitoring survey were analyzed in this study. The following monitoring was performed in the same season each year: personal exposure measurements, biological markers, respiratory function tests, a chest X-ray, chronic respiratory symptoms and incidences of respiratory diseases. To evaluate the toner exposure effect, the exposure categories suitable for each evaluation index were established. Results For those with an occupational toner-handling history, the mean occupational toner-handling period was 14.36 years (standard deviation = 6.62); one participant had 35 years of exposure, which was the longest and one participant had 1 year of exposure which was the shortest. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of change of respiratory function tests. An ANOVA conducted on blood and urine test results showed that statistically significantly differences were observed for a few items but all the values were very low and within the standard range. Conclusions Authors conducted a 10-year ongoing study, but no obvious negative influences on health were attributed to toner exposure. In a work environment where adequate administrative controls are in place, personal toner exposure levels may be expected to be low, with no adverse effects on human health. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(6):809–822
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2018, 31, 6; 809-822
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A quantitative risk assessment of sinonasal cancer as a function of time in workers occupationally exposed to wood dust
Autorzy:
Soćko, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-05
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
occupational exposure
risk assessment
wood dust
mathematical models
carcinogenicity
nasal cancer
Opis:
ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to conduct a quantitative assessment of the risk related to occupational exposure to wood dust and the occurrence of sinonasal epithelial cancer (SNEC) by histotype, depending on the duration of exposure, using mathematical models.Material and MethodsThe relationship between the occurrence of SNEC by histotype (adenocarcinoma [AR] and tumors of other histotypes) and exposure to wood dust has been studied using the values of the odds ratios for individual periods of employment involving exposure to wood dust, and their 95% confidence intervals. The dose-response curves were constructed (more precisely, the duration of exposure-response curves). The author attempted to match the linear, quadratic or exponential models.ResultsIn all SNEC cases, there is a relationship between the duration of occupational exposure to wood dust and the relative risk of developing cancer. The estimated relative risk of developing AR after 35 years of exposure to wood dust is about 300, and the estimated risk of developing SNEC is 50, compared to non-exposed people for whom the relative risk is equal to 1. However, the relative risk of developing other types of cancer is <20, also in comparison with non-exposed people.ConclusionsThe author has identified a relationship between the duration of occupational exposure to wood dust and the relative risk of developing cancer in all SNEC cases.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2021, 34, 4; 541-549
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exposure to culturable and total microbiota in cultural heritage conservation laboratories
Autorzy:
Górny, Rafał L.
Harkawy, Aleksander S.
Ławniczek-Wałczyk, Anna
Karbowska-Berent, Joanna
Wlazło, Agnieszka
Niesler, Anna
Gołofit-Szymczak, Małgorzata
Cyprowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177074.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-10-23
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
settled dust
bioaerosol
conservation laboratory
cultural heritage
occupational exposure
microbial hazards
Opis:
Objectives To date, the scientific source materials usually focus on microbial contamination of the museum or library collections themselves, while the exposure of persons who professionally deal with this type of objects in cultural heritage conservation laboratories is ignored. Material and Methods The study was carried out in 9 naturally ventilated conservation laboratories with no history of water damage. Viable (understood as culturable) bioaerosol stationary samples were collected in both outdoor and indoor environments using 6-stage Andersen impactor. Simultaneously, stationary and personal indoor bioaerosol measurements were carried out using both Gesamtstaubprobenahme an der Person (GSP) and Button filter samplers. These measurements were complemented by evaluation of microbial content in the dust settled on conserved works of art. All impactor, filter, and settled dust samples were quantitatively examined to obtain viable and total concentrations of bacteria and fungi. All isolated microbial strains were taxonomically identified. Results At workplaces, the concentrations of viable microorganisms in air were below 2000 cfu/m³ and accounted for not more than 5.5% of total microbiota. The study showed that quantitative assessment of viable bioaerosol can be made with an Andersen impactor as well as by using Button and GSP filter samplers, irrespective of whether they are applied for personal or stationary measurements. Compared to the impactor, however, the use of filter samplers for microbial contamination monitoring substantially limits the scope of qualitative information which can be obtained. Size distribution analysis revealed that the largest “load” of microorganisms can penetrate into the respiratory tract between the trachea and terminal bronchi, and thereby may be responsible for allergic inflammations in exposed workers. Conclusions The precise assessment of microbial hazards in conservation laboratories should comprise control of both viable and total particle counts. The hermetization of such workplaces and control of relative humidity should be implemented and maintained to assure proper hygienic conditions.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2016, 29, 2; 255-275
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis in woodworkers caused by inhalation of birch dust contaminated with Pantoea agglomerans and Microbacterium barkeri
Autorzy:
Mackiewicz, B.
Dutkiewicz, J.
Siwiec, J.
Kucharczyk, T.
Siek, E.
Wójcik-Fatla, A.
Cholewa, G.
Cholewa, A.
Paściak, M.
Pawlik, K.
Szponar, B.
Milanowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
wood dust
bacteria
Pantoea agglomerans
Microbacterium barkeri
inhalation challenge
occupational exposure
Opis:
Case description. Five workers (2 males and 3 females) employed in a furniture factory located in eastern Poland developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) after the pine wood used for furniture production was replaced by birch wood. All of them reported onset of respiratory and general symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, general malaise) after inhalation exposure to birch dust, showed crackles at auscultation, ground-glass attenuations in HRCT examination, and lymphocytosis in the BAL examination. The diagnosis of acute HP was set in 4 persons and the diagnosis of subacute HP in one. Identification of specific allergen. Samples of birch wood associated with evoking disease symptoms were subjected to microbiological analysis with the conventional and molecular methods. Two bacterial isolates were found to occur in large quantities (of the order 108 CFU/g) in examined samples: Gram-negative bacterium of the species Pantoea agglomerans and a non-filamentous Gram-positive actinobacterium of the species Microbacterium barkeri. In the test for inhibition of leukocyte migration, 4 out of 5 examined patients showed a positive reaction in the presence of P. agglomerans and 2 in the presence of M. barkeri. Only one person showed the presence of precipitins to P. agglomerans and none to M. barkeri. In the inhalation challenge, which is the most relevant allergological test in the HP diagnostics, all patients reacted positively to P. agglomerans and only one to M. barkeri. The results indicate that P. agglomerans developing in birch wood was the main agent causing HP in the workers exposed to the inhalation of dust from this wood, while the etiologic role of M. barkeri is probably secondary. Conclusion. The results demonstrate that apart from fungi and filamentous actinobacteria, regarded until recently as causative agents of HP in woodworkers, Gram-negative bacteria and non-filamentous actinobacteria may also elicit disease symptoms in the workers processing wood infected with large amounts of these microorganisms. The results obtained also seem to indicate that cellular-mediated reactions are more significant for causing disease symptoms compared to those that are precipitin-mediated.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2019, 26, 4; 644-655
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Levels of fungi and mycotoxins in the samples of grain and grain dust collected from five various cereal crops in Eastern Poland
Autorzy:
Krysinska-Traczyk, E
Perkowski, J.
Dutkiewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50801.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
nivalenol
mycotoxin
rye
Polska
grain
corn
dust
fungi
ochratoxin A
Fusarium
occupational exposure
deoxynivalenol
barley
cereal
farmer
oat
grain dust
Opis:
During combine harvesting of 5 various cereal crops (rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, corn) 24 samples of grain and 24 samples of settled grain dust were collected on farms located in the Lublin province of eastern Poland. The samples were examined for the concentration of total microfungi, Fusarium species, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and ochratoxin A (OTA). Microfungi able to grow on malt agar were present in 79.2% of grain samples and in 91.7% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 1.0-801.3 × 103 cfu/g and 1.5-12440.0 × 103 cfu/g, respectively. The concentration of microfungi in grain dust samples was signifi cantly greater than in grain samples (p<0.01). Fusarium strains were isolated from 54.2% of grain samples and from 58.3% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 0.1-375.0 × 103 cfu/g and 4.0-7,700.0 × 103 cfu/g, respectively. They were found in all samples of grain and grain dust from rye, barley and corn, but only in 0-16.7% of samples of grain and grain dust from oats and buckwheat. DON was found in 79.2% of grain samples and in 100% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 0.001-0.18 μg/g and 0.006-0.283 μg/g, respectively. NIV was detected in 62.5% of grain samples and in 94.4% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 0.004-0.502 μg/g and 0.005-0.339 μg/g, respectively. OTA was detected in 58.3% of grain samples and in 91.7% of grain dust samples in the concentrations of 0.00039- 0.00195 μg/g and 0.00036-0.00285 μg/g, respectively. The concentrations of DON, total fusariotoxins (DON + NIV) and OTA were signifi cantly greater in grain dust samples than in grain samples (p<0.05, p<0.05, and p<0.001, respectively). The concentration of Fusarium poae in the samples of rye grain and dust was signifi cantly correlated with the concentrations of DON (p<0.05), NIV (p<0.01), and total fusariotoxins (p<0.05). Similarly, the concentration of Fusarium culmorum in the samples of barley grain and dust was signifi cantly correlated with the concentration of total fusariotoxins (p<0.05). A signifi cant correlation was also found between the concentration of total fungi grown on malt agar and the concentration of OTA (p<0.05). In conclusion, although the concentration of DON, NIV and OTA in the samples of grain dust collected from 5 various cereals on farms in eastern Poland was not large, the persistent presence of these mycotoxins in over 90% of examined samples poses a potential health risk of chronic respiratory intoxication for exposed grain farmers.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2007, 14, 1
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in farmers and agricultural workers - an overview
Autorzy:
Szczyrek, M.
Krawczyk, P.
Milanowski, J.
Jastrzebska, I.
Zwolak, A.
Daniluk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50709.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
human disease
farmer
agricultural worker
epidemiology
agriculture
organic dust
exposure
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2011, 18, 2
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adverse health outcomes among workers of wood pellet production facilities
Autorzy:
Górny, R.L.
Gołofit-Szymczak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
pellet
wood dust
bioaerosol
health questionnaire
occupational exposure
individual traits
environmental factors
logistic regression
Opis:
Introduction. Workers of pellet production facilities (WPPF) are exposed to high concentrations of wood dust and microbial pollutants. Such stimulation may lead to numerous allergic and toxic reactions, infections, and other non-specific syndromes. Objective. To check the influence of individual traits of workers and characteristic features / factors of their living and working environments on the probability of adverse outcomes’ appearance. Materials and Method. The questionnaire study assessing adverse health effects resulting from individual exposure was conducted among 28 workers of 10 Polish WPPF. The logistic regression (for dichotomous variables) was used to determine the appearance probability (given as odds ratio) of adverse symptoms or diseases. Results and Conclusions. WPPF workers may have an increased risk of developing work-related adverse health outcomes. Both the individual traits and environmental exposure factors significantly influence the probability of their occurrence.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2020, 27, 1; 154-159
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exposure, symptoms and airway inflammation among sewage workers
Autorzy:
Heldal, K K
Madso, L.
Huser, P.O.
Eduard, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51884.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
environmental exposure
sewage
worker
worker exposure
biological agent
toxic gas
microbial degradation
health risk
risk factor
sewage dust
endotoxin
lung function
nitric oxide
exposure-response relationship
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2010, 17, 2; 263-268
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Baza CHemPył - źródło informacji o zagrożeniach chemicznych w środowisku pracy
CHEMPYŁ DATABASE - a source of information on chemical risks in the working environment
Autorzy:
Dobrzyńska, E.
Pośniak, M.
Woźnica, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1218406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
Tematy:
zagrożenie chemiczne i pyłowe
ocena narażenia
ocena ryzyka
chemical and dust risks
exposure assessment
risk assessment
Opis:
Baza wiedzy o zagrożeniach chemicznych i pyłowych Chem- Pył, została opracowana w Zakładzie Zagrożeń Chemicznych, Pyłowych i Biologicznych Centralnego Instytutu Ochrony Pracy - Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego. Celem tej bazy jest stworzenie użytecznego narzędzia wspomagającego zadania związane z oceną narażenia i ryzyka zawodowego spowodowanego występowaniem czynników chemicznych i pyłowych na stanowiskach pracy, zarówno dla specjalistów zarządzających bezpieczeństwem i higieną pracy w przedsiębiorstwach, jak również pracodawców i pracowników tych zakładów. W bazie ChemPył, dostępnej na stronach portalu internetowego CIOP-PIB, zgromadzone są w jednym miejscu najbardziej przydatne materiały z zakresu narażenia na czynniki chemiczne i pyły w środowisku pracy. Przygotowano zbiór informacji na temat substancji chemicznych o ustalonych wartościach normatywów higienicznych, metod ich oznaczania na stanowiskach pracy, jak również ich właściwości fizykochemicznych, toksykologicznych, czy informacji z zakresu pierwszej pomocy. Nowym elementem bazy jest także zbiór praktycznych informacji dotyczących narażenia zawodowego na szkodliwe substancje chemiczne, wyników badań jakościowych i ilościowych tych substancji na przykładowych stanowiskach pracy lub w przykładowych procesach technologicznych z różnych działów gospodarki oraz oceny związanego z nimi ryzyka zawodowego, tzw. "Baza wyników pomiarów i oceny ryzyka".
The ChemPył chemical and dust risk knowledge base has been developed in the Department of Chemical, Dust and Biological Risks of the Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB). The purpose of the base is to create a useful tool for assisting the assessment of exposure and occupational risk caused by chemical and dust agents in working environments, both for work health and safety management specialists in enterprises and for employers and employees of the enterprises. The ChemPył base, available at the CIOP-PIB website, gathers the most useful materials regarding exposure to chemical agents and dust in the occupational environment. A set of information on chemical substances with established hygienic standards, methods for measuring them at workplaces, and their physical and chemical, as well as toxicological properties or first aid information has been prepared there. A new item of the base includes also a set of practical information on occupational exposure to harmful substances, the results of qualitative and quantitative tests for the selected instances of workplaces or in selected technological processes from various economic sectors and the assessment of related occupational risk, the so-called "Database of risk assessment and test results".
Źródło:
Chemik; 2012, 66, 9; 998-1005
0009-2886
Pojawia się w:
Chemik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Workplace quality during the welding process
Jakość pracy podczas procesu spawania
Autorzy:
Wandzich, D.
Płaza, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/112596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
occupational exposure
welding process
industrial dust
noise
health risk
narażenie zawodowe
pył przemysłowy
hałas
proces spawania
ryzyko zdrowotne
Opis:
The article presents the exposure to noise and dusts occurring during the welding process. The results of the measurements of industrial dust and noise at the welder’s workplace in the period 2012-2014 are presented. Health problems generated during the process are presented. In particular, the attention is paid how to improve the quality of the work during the welding process. Proactively proposing actions that will improve the quality of the work during the welding process are described.
W artykule omówiono narażenia związane z hałasem i pyłem przemysłowym występujące podczas procesu spawania, a wpływające w istotny sposób na jakość pracy i zdrowie spawacza. W części doświadczalnej przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów pyłu przemysłowego oraz hałasu na stanowisku pracy spawacza w latach 2012-2014. Zaproponowano działania prewencyjnie, które poprawią jakość pracy podczas procesu spawania i ograniczą zagrożenia zdrowotne.
Źródło:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji; 2015, 1 (10); 117-127
2391-9361
Pojawia się w:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pyły drewna – frakcja wdychana : dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Wood dust – inhalable fraction : documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)
Autorzy:
Pakulska, D.
Soćko, R.
Szymczak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/137985.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
pyły drewna
narażenie zawodowe
NDS
substancja uczulająca
substancja rakotwórcza
wood dust
occupational exposure
OEL
sensitizing substance
carcinogenic substances
Opis:
Drewno jest surowcem przemysłu drzewnego, stosowanym w postaci drewna litego lub w formie przetworzonej. Zawodowe narażenie na pyły drewna występuje podczas obróbki i przerobu drewna. Największe poziomy stężeń pyłów drewna w środowisku pracy odnotowano w zakładach meblarskich i stolarskich. Liczba pracowników narażonych na pyły drewna w Polsce oszacowana w ramach projektu WOODEX (lata 2000-2003) wynosiła 310 tys., z czego 79 tys. było narażonych na stężenia pyłów drewna < 0,5 mg/m3, 52 tys. na stężenia: 0,5 ÷ 1 mg/m3, 63 tys. na stężenia: 1 ÷ 2 mg/m3, 72 tys. na stężenia: 2 ÷ 5 mg/m3 i 44 tys. na stężenia > 5 mg/m3. Zgodnie z danymi z bazy zawierającej wyniki pomiarów narażenia na pyły wykonane w wybranych branżach gospodarki w Polsce w latach 2001-2005, opracowanej w Instytucie Medycyny Pracy w Łodzi przy współpracy z Głównym Inspektoratem Sanitarnym, wartość średnia arytmetyczna stężeń pyłu wdychanego w sektorze produkcji drewna i wyrobów z drewna (z wyłączeniem mebli) wynosiła 2,08 mg/m3. Stężenie to wyliczono na podstawie 8602 przeprowadzonych pomiarów. W przypadku pyłów drewna twardego przekroczenia wartości NDS na stanowiskach pracy odnotowano w ponad 20% pomiarów, natomiast w przypadku drewna miękkiego – w poniżej 10% pomiarów. Narażenie na pyły drzew liściastych (drewno twarde, głównie dębowe i bukowe) lub w mieszaninie z gatunkami iglastymi (drewno miękkie) jest skorelowane z wystąpieniem gruczolakoraka nosa, natomiast nienowotworowe skutki oddechowe (oprócz astmy) nie są skorelowane ze specyficznym typem drewna. Astma zawodowa jest najczęściej wynikiem działania biologicznie aktywnych związków chemicznych obecnych w drewnie zarówno gatunków liściastych, jak i iglastych. Jednym z lepiej przebadanych gatunków drewna i źródłem wiedzy o astmie zawodowej są pyły drewna żywotnika olbrzymiego. Zarówno pyły drewna twardego, jak i miękkiego mogą upośledzać drożność dróg oddechowych, wywołując przewlekłe choroby płuc, a skutki narażenia, w zależności od rozmiaru cząstek drewna, dotyczą górnych lub dolnych dróg oddechowych. Zarejestrowano następujące choroby wśród pracowników narażonych na pyły drewna: przewlekłe zapalenie oskrzeli, zapalenia nosa i spojówek, podrażnienie skóry, jak również reakcje uczuleniowe skóry. Na podstawie wyników badań spirometrycznych wykazano zmniejszenie wskaźnika funkcji płuc w wyniku mechanicznego lub chemicznego podrażnienia tkanki płuc. Należy zaznaczyć, że zmiany czynnościowe układu oddechowego i wystąpienie astmy zawodowej stwierdzano u pracowników przemysłu drzewnego, głównie meblarskiego (bez historii atopii) o stężeniach poniżej 1 mg/m3 pyłów drewna. Z przeglądu wyników badań przeprowadzonych u ludzi oraz u zwierząt doświadczalnych wynika, że pyły drewna wykazują działanie mutagenne i genotoksyczne. Analiza DNA pobranego od osób z rakiem zatok przynosowych, zatrudnionych w narażeniu na pyły drewna, wykazała mutacje, głównie w genie k-ras, który jest jednym z najczęściej aktywowanych onkogenów w raku występującym u ludzi. Stwierdzono ponadto: mutacje h-ras u pacjentów z gruczolakorakiem, aberracje chromosomowe w limfocytach krwi obwodowej stolarzy, uszkodzenie nici DNA w hepatocytach szczurów, zwiększenie częstotliwości występowania mikrojąder w komórkach załamka jelita myszy i nabłonku nosa szczurów. Na podstawie wyników badań epidemiologicznych, w tym badań kliniczno-kontrolnych, wykazano związek między częstością występowania przypadków nowotworów nosa i zatok przynosowych a narażeniem na pył drewna. U narażonych na pyły drewna stwierdzono znacznie większe ryzyko wystąpienia gruczolakoraków, w porównaniu z ryzykiem występowania raka płaskonabłonkowego. Międzynarodowa Agencja Badań nad Rakiem uznała, że istnieją wystarczające dowody działania rakotwórczego pyłu drewna u ludzi i zaliczyła je do grupy 1., czyli substancji o udowodnionym działaniu rakotwórczym dla ludzi. Komisja Unii Europejskiej zaliczyła prace związane z narażeniem na pyły drewna twardego i mieszanego do procesów technologicznych klasyfikowanych jako rakotwórcze dla ludzi (wg dyrektywy 2004/37/WE) oraz ustaliła wartość wiążącą narażenia zawodowego (BOELV) dla frakcji wdychalnej pyłów drewna twardego na poziomie 5 mg/m3 z zaznaczeniem, że jeżeli występuje mieszanina pyłów drewna twardego z innymi pyłami drewna, to wartość najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia (NDS) dotyczy wszystkich pyłów drewna obecnych w mieszaninie. W Komitecie Naukowym SCOEL podział na drewna twarde i miękkie został zaniechany, a wskaźnikową dopuszczalną wielkość narażenia zawodowego py- łów drewna (dla frakcji wdychalnej 1 mg/m3, a dla pyłu całkowitego 0,5 mg/m3) zaproponowano, uwzględniając, oprócz ich działania drażniącego na górne i dolne drogi oddechowe, także działanie rakotwórcze. W Komitecie Doradczym ds. Bezpieczeństwa i Ochrony Zdrowia w Miejscu Pracy Komisji Europejskiej (ACSHW, Advisory Committee on Safety and Heath at Work) rozważano skutki zdrowotne narażenia na pyły drewna oraz uwarunkowania socjoekonomiczne i zaproponowano wartość wiążącą (BOELV) dla pyłów drewna twardego na poziomie 3 mg/m3, uznając, iż mniejsza wartość mogłaby spowodować zamknięcie wielu przedsiębiorstw, głównie małych, zatrudniających od 1 do 9 pracowników. Ustalenie wartości normatywu higienicznego pyłów drewna komplikuje fakt, że nigdy nie mamy do czynienia z narażeniem na samo drewno. Jest to narażenie, m.in. na związki chemiczne występujące naturalnie w drewnie (większość z nich wykazuje działanie drażniące i uczulające). Ponadto frakcja biologiczna (bakterie, pleśnie) występująca w pyłach drewna, głównie świeżego, jak również takie substancje konserwujące drewno, jak rozpuszczalniki organiczne czy formaldehyd mogą stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia pracowników. Kolejną zmienną rozpatrywaną przy ocenie ryzyka zawodowego są rozmiary cząstek emitowanych podczas przerobu drewna, które różnią się w zależności od rodzaju drewna i sposobu jego obróbki. Średnica aerodynamiczna cząstek mieści się na ogół w przedziale 10 ÷ 30 µm, co klasyfikuje je do frakcji ekstratorakalnej (wnikającej w obręb głowy) lub torakalnej (wnikającej w obszar tchawiczo- -oskrzelowy). Udział procentowy frakcji respirabilnej wynosi najczęściej 15 ÷ 20%. W celu ustalenia wartości NDS pyłów drewna uwzględniono dane pochodzące z badania przekrojowego przeprowadzonego u 161 osób zatrudnionych w narażeniu na pyły drewna w 54 zakładach meblarskich. U osób narażonych badano drożność nosa po narażeniu na pyły drewna mieszanego o stężeniu małym (0,17 ÷ 0,74 mg/m3), średnim (0,74 ÷ 1,42 mg/m3) oraz dużym (1,42 mg/m3). W porównaniu z okresem przed rozpoczęciem pracy, pyły drewna o stężeniu średnim i dużym istotnie statystycznie: zwiększały przekrwienie błony śluzowej nosa, zmniejszały pojemność jam nosowych i zmniejszały powierzchnię przekroju poprzecznego nosa po 4 i 7 h pracy. Stwierdzono istotną statystycznie zależność między stężeniem pyłu drewna a stopniem niedrożności nosa wyznaczonym metodą rynometrii akustycznej i oceną subiektywną. Wymienione objawy wystąpiły także, gdy stężenia pyłów były małe, lecz objawy te były nieistotne statystycznie. Ponadto, u osób z grupy kontrolnej zanotowano istotne różnice drożności nosa przed rozpoczęciem pracy w porównaniu z okresem po pracy, dlatego podważają one znaczenie obserwowanych zmian, gdy stężenia pyłów drewna są małe (0,17 ÷ 0,74 mg/m3). Międzyresortowa Komisja ds. NDS i NDN na 84. posiedzeniu w dniu 4.11.2016 r. po zapoznaniu się z dokumentacją i biorąc pod uwagę, poza naukową oceną ryzyka, również czynniki socjoekonomiczne, które zostały omówione z przedstawicielami branży drzewnej w Polsce, przyjęła stężenie 3 mg/m3 za wartość NDS dla frakcji wdychalnej wszystkich pyłów drewna. Proponowana wartość jest na poziomie proponowanej przez Komisję Europejską wartości wiążącej (BOELV) dla frakcji wdychalnej pyłów drewna twardego ustalonej na poziomie 3 mg/m3 , po uwzględnieniu uwarunkowań socjoekonomicznych przedsiębiorstw. Przyjęcie tej wartości, bez podziału na drewna twarde i miękkie, jest ponadto pewnym kompromisem między dotychczas obowiązującymi wartościami NDS dla pyłów drewna: 1) z wyjątkiem pyłów dębu i buku (4 mg/m3), 2) pyłów dębu i buku (2 mg/m3). Ze względu na fakt, że pyły drewna wykazują działanie: rakotwórcze, mutagenne i pylicotwórcze, ustalenie wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia chwilowego (NDSCh) jest nieuzasadnione. Proponuje się oznakowanie pyłów drewna notacją: „Carc. 1” – substancja rakotwórcza kategorii 1., zgodnie z klasyfikacją Międzynarodowej Agencji Badań nad Rakiem oraz, ze względu na możliwe działanie uczulające – literą „A”.
Wood is a raw material of the wood industry, which is used as a solid wood or in a processed form. Occupational exposure to wood dust occurs during processing and woodworking. The highest levels of wood dust concentrations in the working environment were recorded in the furniture and carpentry industries. The number of workers exposed to wood dust in Poland estimated during WOODEX project (2000-2003) amounted to 310 000, of which 79 000 workers were exposed to wood dust at concentrations 2–5 mg/m3 and 44 000 workers at concentrations >5 mg/m3. According to data from selected sectors of the economy in Poland in years 2001–2005 developed in collaboration with the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate at the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Łódź, the arithmetic mean value of inhaled wood dust concentration in the wood production and wood products sector (excluding furniture) was 2.08 mg/m3. This concentration was calculated on the basis of 8602 measurements. In the case of hardwood dust, exceeded values of NDS at worksites were reported in more than 20% of the measurements, whereas in case of softwood – in less than 10% of measurements. Exposure to dust from deciduous trees (hardwood, mainly oak and beech wood) or from a mixture with coniferous species (softwood) is correlated with nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas, whereas non-neoplastic respiratory symptoms, excluding asthma, are not correlated with a specific type of wood. Occupational asthma is most often the result of action of the biologically active compounds present in some wood species (both hardwood and softwood). One of the better-known species of wood and source of knowledge about occupational asthma is the dust of red cedar wood. Hardwood and softwood dusts may impair clear airway, resulting in chronic lung disease. The health effects of exposure to wood dust concern the upper or lower respiratory tract depending on the size of wood particles. Occupational exposure to wood dust causes: chronic bronchitis, rhinitis and conjunctivitis, skin irritation and allergic skin reactions. Spirometry has shown the reduction of the lung function index as a result of mechanical or chemical irritation of lung tissue. It should be noted that changes in pulmonary function and the occurrence of occupational asthma was found in the wood industry workers, mainly employed in furniture industry (with no history of atopy) at concentrations below 1 mg/m3 of wood dust. A review of the studies in humans and in experimental animals shows that wood dust has mutagenic and genotoxic effects. Analysis of DNA taken from people with cancer of the paranasal sinuses and exposed to wood dust showed mutations, mainly in gene k-ras, which is one of the most frequently activated oncogenes in human cancers. Furthermore, h-ras mutations in adenocarcinoma patients, chromosomal aberrations in carpenter peripheral blood lymphocytes, damage to DNA strands in rats hepatocytes, increase in micronuclear frequency in cells of mouse intestine and rats nasal epithelium have been found. The relationship between the incidence of a nose and paranasal sinuses cancer and the exposure to wood dust was proved on the basis of results of epidemiological studies. The risk of adenocarcinoma was significantly higher as compared to the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. The International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that there was sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity of wood dust in humans and assigned it to Group 1 – a substances with proven carcinogenic effects in humans. The Commission of the European Union included research on exposure to hard and mixed wood dust to technological processes classified as carcinogenic to humans (Directive 2004/37 / EC) and established BOELV value for inhalable wood dust fraction on a level of 5 mg/m3 indicating that if there is a mixture of hardwood dust with other wood dust then NDS refers to the total wood dust present in the mixture. SCOEL Scientific Committee resigned from the division into hardwood and softwood and proposed the exposure limit value for wood dust, taking into account not only its irritating effects on upper and lower respiratory tract but also carcinogenicity (inhalable fraction: 1 mg/m3, total dust 0.5 mg/m3). The health effects of exposure to wood dust and the socio-economic conditions have also been considered by the Committee on Safety and Health at Work (ACSHW), which has proposed BOELV value for hardwood dusts of 3 mg/m3, taking into account that the lower value would result in the closure of many companies, mostly small, employing from 1 to 9 employees. Establishment of the hygienic standards of wood dust is complicated by the fact that we are never exposed to the wood itself. At the same time, we are exposed to naturally occurring chemicals in wood (most of them are irritating and sensitizing). Moreover, biological fraction (bacteria, mold) found in wood dust, mainly fresh, as well as wood preservatives such as organic solvents or formaldehyde, increase the health risk. Another variable considered when assessing risk associated with exposure to wood dust is the particle size emitted during wood processing, which varies according to the type of wood and its treatment. Aerodynamic diameter of the particles is generally in the range of 10 to 30 m, which classifies them into an extra thoracic fraction (penetrating head area) or thoracic fraction (penetrating the trachea bronchial area). Percentage of respirable fraction is usually 15–20%. When setting the NDS value for wood dusts, data from a cross-sectional survey of 161 people employed in wood dust exposure in 54 furniture companies were used. Nasal patency was examined after exposure to mixed wood dust at a low concentration (0.17–0.74 mg/m3), mean (0.74–1.42 mg/m3) and high (1.42 mg/m3). With regard to nasal patency before commencement of the work, exposure to medium and high concentration of wood dust significantly increased nasal congestion, reduced nasal cavity capacity and reduced nasal cross-sectional area as a result of 4–7 hours of exposure. There was a statistically significant relationship between the concentration of wood dust and nasal obstruction grade determined by the method of acoustic rhinometry and subjective assessment. These symptoms also occurred when dust concentrations were small, but these symptoms were not statistically significant. Furthermore, patients in the control group had significant differences in nasal passivity before commencement of work compared to the post-work period, thus undermining the observed changes at low concentrations (0.17–0.74 mg/m3) of wood dust. Taking into account the above data as well as socioeconomic factors discussed with wood industry representatives in Poland, the Interdepartmental Commission on NDS and NDN at its 84th meeting on November 4, 2016, adopted a concentration of 3 mg/m3 for the maximum permissible concentration (NDS) for the inhalable fraction of all wood dust. Socioeconomic considerations were also taken into account in determining BOELV value for the inhalable wood dust fraction (3 mg/m3) in the European Union. The adoption of this value without distinction for hardwood and softwood is a compromise between current NDS values for wood dust with the exception of oak and beech dusts (4 mg/m3) and beech and oak dust (2 mg/m3). The proposed value of NDS is at the level proposed by the European Commission for BOELV for the hardwood dust inhalable fraction (3 mg/m3), which takes into account socio-economic conditions of companies. Due to the fact that wood dusts are carcinogenic, mutagenic and cause pneumoconiosis, the determination of NDSCh values is unjustified. It is proposed to mark the wood dust with notation "Carc. 1”– category 1 carcinogen, according to the classification of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and with letter “A” because of possible sensitization.
Źródło:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy; 2017, 3 (93); 17-93
1231-868X
Pojawia się w:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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