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Tytuł:
A Maintenance of a Dominant Market Position – on the Example of the Polish Post Office
Autorzy:
Bernat, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
dominant position
antitrust law
maintenance of dominant position
allocative inefficiency
Opis:
The system changes of the Polish economy, which began in the 80s of the 20th century and were continued after the accession to the European Union in 2004, have caused significant transformations, not only in the economy and ownership relations, but also in single markets. What is more, some of the European Commission’s guidelines have introduced the market regulations which were dominated by natural monopolies. These changes were to cause the competitiveness on the market and to improve its functioning in an efficiency allocative sense in order to make the consumers’ situation better. However, it is often a kind of struggle without any visible effects in short or long term. One of such examples is the Polish Post Office as the national operator in the market of postal services. The scientific objective of this study is to answer the question whether the changes in the law regulating the postal market cause real changes in the market structure, resulting in a reduction in allocative inefficiency? The working hypothesis referring to such research problem is formulated as follows: large business entities operating in the monopolistic market structure until now use all of the tools – including changes in the law, to maintain their position. It causes an increase in allocative inefficiency of companies and market. The object of the research is Poczta Polska SA. The primary research method will be based on the analysis of the legal rules, the analysis of the activities and entities’ decisions and the comparative analysis. The active research is supported by the literature recognition.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2014, 9, 4; 9-20
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozycja dominująca w UE a jej nadużywanie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem spółek prawa brytyjskiego
The Dominant Position in the EU and Its Abuse, with Particular Emphasis on British Law Companies
Autorzy:
Proczek, Magdalena
Michałkiewicz, Rudolf
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Dominant Position
Abuse of a Dominant Position
European Union
Relevant Market
Opis:
The aim of this study is to present the definition of a dominant position developed by the European Union authorities and representatives of science, as well as the issue of its abuse in EU on the example of verdicts of the EU Court of Justice with respect to British law companies. For the purposes of this study, verdicts that were of particular importance for the acquis of EU antitrust law have been selected and which, due to the Brexit procedure initiated in the EU at the same time, underline the importance of UK entrepreneurs in the development of EU competition policy.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2018, 1; 141-159
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Has the Turning Point Been Missed? Exclusivity Payments Granted by Dominant Undertakings in the Light of the Enforcement Priorities Guidance
Autorzy:
Krzyżewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law
dominant position
abuse of dominant position
exclusivity
as-efficient competitor test
Opis:
For many years, exclusivity payments and its specific type – loyalty rebates – were treated by the European Commission (Commission) as restrictions by object. This approach has been gradually revised towards a more effect-based reasoning. In the Guidance on the Commission’s enforcement priorities in applying Article 82 of the EC Treaty to abusive exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings (Guidance), the Commission demonstrated its willingness to follow the so-called ‘economic approach’. In particular, the Commission announced that for price-based exclusionary conduct the so-called ‘as-efficient competitor’ test (AEC test) is going to be used. This article aims to verify whether the Commission followed the Guidance in its assessment of exclusionary practices in two cases, Qualcomm and Google (Android), considered by the Author as an opportunity to make a move from a form-based to an economic-based approach. In his considerations, the Author provides proposals on how the practice of the Commission should be changed to ensure dominant undertakings are provided with a sufficient level of legal certainty.
Pendant de nombreuses années, les paiements d’exclusivité et le type spécifique de rabais de fidélité ont été traités par la Commission européenne (la Commission) comme des restrictions par objet. Cette approche a été progressivement révisée en faveur d’un raisonnement fondé sur les effets. Dans les Orientations sur les priorités retenues par la Commission pour l’application de l’article 82 du Traité CE aux pratiques d’éviction abusives des entreprises dominantes (Orientations), la Commission a démontré sa volonté de suivre l’approche “économique”. En particulier, la Commission a annoncé que pour les pratiques d’exclusion fondées sur les prix, le test du “concurrent le plus efficace” sera utilisé. Cet article vise à vérifier si la Commission a suivi les lignes directrices dans son évaluation des pratiques d’exclusion dans deux affaires, Qualcomm et Google (Android), considérées par l’auteur comme des occasions de passer d’une approche fondée sur la forme à une approche économique. Dans ses considérations, l’Auteur fournit des propositions sur la manière dont la pratique de la Commission devrait être modifiée afin de garantir que les entreprises dominantes bénéficient d’un niveau suffisant de sécurité juridique.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2021, 14, 24; 63-95
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rabaty warunkowe udzielane przez przedsiębiorstwa dominujące w prawie konkurencji Unii Europejskiej
Conditional Rebates Granted by Dominant Undertakings under European Union Competition Law While
Autorzy:
Szmigielski, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557940.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Competition Law
Dominant Position
Conditional Rebates
Opis:
While the granting of rebates is a common commercial practice largely used by dominant and non-dominant firms, the assessment of rebates is one of the most complex and unsettled areas of competition law. In the European Union, the decisional practice of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union has been harshly criticized as unnecessarily strict, following a form-based approach that sits uneasily with modern economic theory. The degree of divergence between US and European case law on the proper legal treatment of loyalty rebates is larger than in almost any other fi eld of international antitrust law. Whereas US jurisprudence has traditionally considered loyalty rebates to be a pro-competitive business practice, the Court of Justice of the European Union has repeatedly held that loyalty rebates are an illegal means of distorting competition.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 3; 169-192
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Insights from the Slovak Hybrid Mail Services Case. Case Comment to the Judgement of the General Court of 25 March 2015 and Order of Court of Justice of the EU of 30 June 2016 Slovenská pošta v Commission (Cases T-556/08, C-293/15P)
Autorzy:
Kačerauskas, Karolis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530123.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
dominant position
postal sector
statutory monopoly
Opis:
The Slovak hybrid mail services case (or Slovenska posta case) is truly unique in EU jurisprudence. Within the last decade, the European Commission rarely applied Article 106(1) in conjunction with Article 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions in individual cases. Thus Slovenska posta constitutes one of the rare examples of such enforcement. Slovenska posta also constitutes a very rare example of a judicial review of Commission decisions based on Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU. Slovenska posta is only the second case when European courts were called upon to review the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU by the Commission and the first when the judicial review was conducted over a Commission decision regarding “failure to meet the demand”. Indeed, since 1989-1990 (when the Commission commenced to apply Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions introduced by the Member States) and until 2014, when the Court of Justice adopted its decision in Greek lignite (DEI) case , none of the Commission decisions was reviewed by EU courts. Such lack of appeals resulted in a rather strange situation under which the Commission and CJEU developed their own jurisprudence on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU and occasionally interpreted the same legal criteria differently. In this regard, a court review in Slovenska posta was eagerly awaited in the hope it would reconcile these diverging positions and provide more clarity on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(16); 191-204
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konkurencja a ochrona autorskich dóbr intelektualnych w Unii Europejskiej Wybrane zagadnienia na tle orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości
Autorzy:
Oleksiuk, Inga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2225717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Creativity
Copyright
Internet
Market Position
Dominant Position
Competition
Opis:
The subject of this article is a critical evaluation of application of competition law to the undertakings active on the copyright market. The study focuses on the conduct of the collecting organizations of copyright. Its aim is to present new aspects and methods that need to be considered in analyzing the market position of national collecting organizations. The clarification of the main problem is preceded by examination of the notion of dominant position as defined in Polish antimonopoly law. Next, the article address the implications of cross-border online copyright trade on the evaluation of the market position of national collecting societies. Further considerations argue for an integrative approach that give attention to the dynamic factors of competition and highlights public interest issues.. In this regard the claim is that the development of competition on the copyright market has to sustain the objectives of intellectual property regulations. The author point out that ratio legis of copyright law is anchored in the Constitution, that determine the need for balancing the individual and public interest in respect to the creative activity.
Źródło:
Themis Polska Nova; 2014, 2(7); 146-162
2084-4522
Pojawia się w:
Themis Polska Nova
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Autonomy of Sector-Specific Regulation – Is It Still Worth Protecting? Further Thoughts on the Parallel Application of Competition Law and Regulatory Instruments
Autorzy:
Stawicki, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of dominant position
sector-specific regulation
Opis:
This article sets out to contribute to the on-going discussion regarding the relationship between competition law and sector-specific regulation, as well as the parallel application of competition law and regulatory instruments. Thus, this article attempts to provide a systematic outline of arguments which are conclusive for the proposition that sector-specific regulation must remain fully autonomous, while taking a critical stance with respect to the views of both the Supreme Court and academic lawyers who advocate the supremacy of competition law.
Le sujet du présent article est la relation entre le droit de la concurrence et le droit des secteurs regulés, ainsi que l’application parallele des institutions du droit de la concurrence et des instruments regulatoires. Le but de l’article est de presenter les arguments selon lesquelles les regulations des secteurs doivent rester autonomes. Il est important de polemiquer avec l’avis exprimé par la Cour Superierure polonaise et par certains juristes qui croivent le droit de la concurrence superieur aux autres regulations.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2011, 4(4); 115-133
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PRAWNA DOPUSZCZALNOŚĆ I ŚRODKI RELATYWIZACJI ZAKAZU NADUŻYCIA POZYCJI DOMINUJĄCEJ W POLSCE
ADMISSIBILITY AND MEANS OF RELATIVISATION OF THE PROHIBITION OF THE ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION IN POLAND
Autorzy:
Kosiński, Eryk
Wojtczak, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
competition
protection of competition
dominant position
abuse of a dominant position
konkurencja
ochrona konkurencji
pozycja dominująca
nadużycie pozycji dominującej
Opis:
First, the paper presents two basic models of the competition law regulation: a system based on prohibition and a system based on so-called control of abuse, and their historical development internationally. In principle, the model based on the prohibition principle relies on an absolute prohibition of certain practices that restrain competition (per se). The other model relies on ex ante state control of the economic activity, with the state’s intervention into this activity when the competition on the market is distorted, hindered or threatened. In the system based on prohibition it is necessary to develop certain mechanisms that will make prohibitions relative. This necessity arises from the economic as well as socio-political circumstances. The legal means of relativisation may be divided into measures used in advance (ex ante) and measures used subsequently (ex post).Neither Polish nor European Competition Law provides for the possibility of making the prohibition of the abuse of a dominant position relative ex ante, therefore relativisation is feasible only by acts of the application of law by the state competition authorities, or relevant courts. The paper identifies axiological grounds for relativisation, and describes its different legal means which include, inter alia, all judicial doctrines. Some of those doctrines have foundations in the historical application of the prohibition of an abuse of a dominant position, while introducing some others seems to require a legislative action. Accordingly, certain solutions de lege ferenda are proposed.
Na wstępie artykuł przedstawia dwa zasadnicze modele regulacji ochrony konkurencji: system oparty na zakazie i oraz system oparty na tak zwanej kontroli nadużywania, wraz z prezentacją rozwoju historycznego obu modeli na świecie. Zasadniczo model oparty na zakazie stosowania praktyk ograniczających konkurencję polega na wprowadzeniu zakazu o charakterze bezwzględnym (per se). Drugi model opiera się na państwowym nadzorze działalności przedsiębiorców, z państwową ingerencją w tę działalność w razie zaistnienia ograniczenia czy zagrożenia dla konkurencji na rynku. W systemie opartym na zakazie niezbędne jest wprowadzenie określonych mechanizmów relatywizujących zakazy. Wskazana konieczność podyktowana jest tak zarówno względami ekonomicznymi, jak i społeczno-politycznymi. Mechanizmy relatywizacji można podzielić na środki stosowane uprzednio (ex ante) oraz środki stosowane następczo (ex post). Polskie oraz europejskie prawo konkurencji nie zawiera przepisów wprowadzających możliwość relatywizacji zakazu nadużycia pozycji dominującej ex ante, dlatego relatywizacja taka możliwa jest jedynie w drodze aktów stosowania prawa przez organy ochrony konkurencji oraz przez właściwe sądy. Artykuł przedstawia aksjologiczne podstawy relatywizacji, jak również opisuje poszczególne środki wymienionej relatywizacji. Do środków tych należą przede wszystkim doktryny orzecznicze, wypracowane przez judykaturę. Niektóre doktryny mają podstawy w historii stosowania zakazu nadużywania pozycji dominującej, wprowadzenie innych wydaje się wymagać odpowiedniej interwencji ustawodawcy. W tym zakresie artykuł prezentuje wnioski de lege ferenda.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2012, 74, 4; 107-122
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Margin Squeezing as a Manifestation of Abuse of Dominant Position
Autorzy:
Maziarz, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47056095.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
margin squeeze
refusal to supply
abuse of dominant position
Opis:
Margin squeezing is an abuse of dominant position, which is not directly mentioned in Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). It is the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European General Court that have recognised this practice as anti-competitive, initially treating it as anti-competitive refusal to supply. Given the many similarities between these practices, there are questions as to whether margin squeeze should be considered an separate manifestation of an abuse of dominant position. The aim of the article is to analyse the position of the European Commission in this regard and juxtapose it with the views contained in relevant judicial decisions, judgements, and rulings, as well as to compare it with the regulations adopted in the United States.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2024, 16, 1; 68-81
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE DOMINANT POSITION OF CHINA IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Autorzy:
Jaroszewska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594835.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
China
global economy
dominant position
Chinese economy
world economy
economic relations
Opis:
After a few decades of transformation China is becoming a major contender for the number two position in the world. Is it really possible? Will China balance the power of the United States? Today the United States supremacy is so great that it seems to be undeniable. The situation was similar at the end of the twentieth century when U.S. domination was obvious and any other reality was hard to imagine. Recently though, more and more often America’s political decisions are criticised. A few decades ago, in Beijing a new idea was developed. The essence of that idea was to transform the People’s Republic of China into a superpower. Since China was very vast and densely populated, but mostly a poor and backward country, it was a very daring vision. Years of consistent and painful reforms changed the way the world is looking at China, even though some of them were not accepted by international opinion.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2013, 42; 279-296
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 46

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