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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 27
Tytuł:
Some Remarks on Rings
Autorzy:
Obojska, Lidia
O’Hara, Paul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/745218.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Distribution law
Rings
Isomorphism
Opis:
Algebraic structures such as Rings, Fields, Boolean Algebras (Set Theory) and \(\sigma\)-Fields are well known and much has been written about them. In this paper we explore some properties of rings related to the distribution law. Specifically, we shall show that for rings there exists only one distribution law. Moreover, for the ring \((Z_{p(p−1)n} +, \cdot)\), where \((p, n) = 1\) there exist isomorphic groups \((G, +)\), \((H, \cdot)\), \(G, H \subset Z_{p(p−1)n}\) of the order \((p − 1)\). Finally, we note that every ring \((Z_{pn}, +, \cdot)\) contains subfields \(\text{mod}(pn)\).
Źródło:
Commentationes Mathematicae; 2010, 50, 1
0373-8299
Pojawia się w:
Commentationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zipf Distribution Power AllocationAapproach for NOMA Systems
Autorzy:
Himeur, Hanane
Meriah, Sidi Mohammed
Derraz, Fouad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
NOMA
wireless networks
power domain
Zipf distribution law
5G networks
Opis:
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has received tremendous attention for the development of 5G and beyond wireless networks. Power-domain NOMA works on the concept of assigning varying power levels to users within the same frequency and time block. In this paper we propose a novel power allocation approach that uses the Zipf distribution law that satisfies the basic condition of a NOMA system. The Zipf PA is characterized by the simplicity and ease of implementation that allows to extend the capacity of the system to support a large number of users. The numerical results show that the system achieves high throughput and energy efficiency without any parameter optimization constraints as well as improved capacity by increasing the number of users compared to the NOMA system with existing power allocation techniques.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 3; 559--564
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Probability-statistical estimation method of feed influence on the tangential cutting force under turning
Autorzy:
Krupa, V.
Tymoshenko, N.
Kobelnyk, V.
Petrechko, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201054.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
Tematy:
tangential cutting force
cutting depth
stochasticity feed
distribution law
distribution characteristics
siła skrawania
głębokość skrawania
posuw
rozkład
Opis:
Purpose This research aims to develop the mathematical model and propose a method for estimating the feed stochasticity impact on the tangential cutting force during turning. The main reason for this research is that the existing models for determining the tangential component of the cutting force do not take into account the stochasticity of the feed rate. Design/methodology/approach Measurements of tangential cutting force during turning on general-purpose lathes with known feed dispersion parameters were made. The mathematical model was developed, and dispersion characteristics (mean value, dispersion and mean square deviation) of the tangential cutting force component depending on the corresponding dispersion characteristics of the feed rate were obtained. The method of assessing the impact of stochasticity of the feed rate on the tangential cutting force is proposed. Findings As the result of the carried-out investigations, it is proved that the stochasticity of the feed rate affects the dispersion of the tangential cutting force during turning. For specific conditions, the share of feed stochasticity in the dispersion of tangential cutting force component is from 40 to 60% and should be taken into account while prescribing rational cutting modes. Practical implications The obtained results make it possible to adjust the cutting modes, particularly the amount of feed, under the conditions of real equipment to ensure certain power characteristics of the cutting process to prevent overloads during cutting. This investigation benefits to the establishment of additional factors affecting oscillations in the cutting process. Originality/value The probabilistic-statistical approach is used in this investigation in order to prove that the stochasticity of the feed rate affects the dispersion of the tangential cutting force component.
Źródło:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering; 2022, 114, 1; 22--31
1734-8412
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of probabilistic aspects reliability of isotropic bodies with internal defects
Autorzy:
Kvit, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202039.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
fracture
reliability
distribution law
axisymmetric loading
disc-shaped crack
isotropic material
pękanie
niezawodność
obciążenie osiowosymetryczne
materiał izotropowy
Opis:
A study of the stress state and reliability of an isotropic body with the same material crack resistance and evenly distributed internal defects-cracks under the conditions of homogeneous axisymmetric loading is carried out. Defects are characterized by two independent random variables – a radius and orientation angle. The probability density distribution of the defect radius is chosen in the form of an exponential law. The probability density distribution of the defect orientation angle is chosen in the form of a law that corresponds to the material isotropy. The influence of the loading level, type of stress state and body size (number of defects) on the most probable value, the mean value and the dispersion of failure loading (strength) are investigated.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics; 2022, 21, 3; 73--84
2299-9965
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental diagnostic research of fixture
Autorzy:
Ivanov, V.
Dehtiarov, I.
Denysenko, Y.
Malovana, N.
Martynova, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/329076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
fixture
experimental researches
milling
accuracy
frequency
statistic load
displacement
normal distribution law
CNC machining
badanie eksperymentalne
obróbka
uchwyt
dokładność
częstotliwość
przemieszczenie
Opis:
In the article the experimental research of the flexible fixture is shown, which provides sufficient accessibility and allows to perform multiaxis machining of parts, e.g. of levers with one setup. The experimental studies compared with the results of numerical simulation that were previously obtained, confirmed that the proposed fixture design meets all accuracy parameters. The results of experimental studies on the determination of displacements have shown that the values of displacements, determined statically, in the proposed fixtures are smaller than the dedicated ones. The analysis of the data of determination of the frequencies of the proper oscillations in the machining of the levers from steel and cast iron has confirmed that the first critical frequency of the fixture significantly exceeds the similar parameter of dedicated fixture.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2018, 19, 3; 3-9
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strength statistical characteristics of the isotropic materials with disc-shaped defects
Autorzy:
Kvit, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/122597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
isotropic material
disc-shaped crack
distribution law
failure loading
strength statistical characteristics
axisymmetric loading
materiał izotropowy
wytrzymałość materiałów
charakterystyka statystyczna
pęknięcie
Opis:
The expressions of the probabilities density distribution of failure loading for an elastic isotropic body under the action of a homogeneous axisymmetric loading are written. The disc-shaped cracks that do not interact with each other are uniformly distributed. The correlation for finding the most probable, mean value, dispersion and variation coefficient of failure loading are obtained. The dependence of the mentioned statistical strength characteristics on the type of applied loading, number of defects (body sizes) and structure material heterogeneity are investigated.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics; 2018, 17, 4; 25-34
2299-9965
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Power law and self-similarity in the distribution of national income
Autorzy:
Dejniak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/95111.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
non-scalability
self-similarity
complex system
power-law distribution
samopodobieństwo
system złożony
dochód narodowy
Opis:
Economic systems as complex systems are the source of many unconventional researches. The actual phenomena in complex systems have the non-scalability features and non-scalability does not exist without the power laws. This paper presents the occurrence of power series of rights and self-similarity in the distribution of national income in 2010, in terms of countries, the European Union and the Polish subregions. This means that one can study economic systems using tools of complex systems theory. This applies especially to the study of the mechanisms governing the system at the local level that generate global action.
Źródło:
Information Systems in Management; 2014, 3, 2; 113-121
2084-5537
2544-1728
Pojawia się w:
Information Systems in Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulating an infinite mean waiting time
Autorzy:
Bartoszek, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
birth-death process
infinite mean
phylogenetic tree
power-law distribution
return time
drzewo logenetyczne
Opis:
W pracy rozważany jest mieszany sposób symulowania czasu powrotu do stanu początkowego określonego krytycznego procesu narodzin i śmierci. Ten czas powrotu ma nieskończoną wartość oczekiwaną przy czym jego asymptotyczny rozkład jest potęgowy. Zatem dopóki symulowany czas nie przekroczy pewnej granicznej wartości proces jest symulowany bezpośrednio. W chwili przekroczenia tej wartości granicznej czas powrotu jest losowany z ogona tego rozkładu potęgowego.
We consider a hybrid method to simulate the return time to the initial state in a critical-case birth-death process. The expected value of this return time is infinite, but its distribution asymptotically follows a power-law. Hence, the simulation approach is to directly simulate the process, unless the simulated time exceeds some threshold and if it does, draw the return time from the tail of the power law.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 2019, 47, 1
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dependence of trip length frequency distribution on characteristics of route network elements
Autorzy:
Horbachov, P.
Svichynskyi, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
municipal public transport
allocation function
distribution law
stop co-ordinate
distance between stops
trip matrix
demand modelling
transport miejski
transport zbiorowy
cechy komunikacji miejskiej
funkcja podziału populacji
odległości między przystankami
modelowanie popytu
Opis:
The up-to-date methods of the demand modelling for municipal public transport (MPT) services are not perfect and they require an objective estimation, enhancement and improvement. These refinements are to take into account the functions of population allocation in modern cities. The possibility of the definition of population allocation functions on the basis of characteristics of public transport stops allocation, the regularities of distances between adjacent stops and distances between a pair of stops are investigated.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2014, 30, 2; 21-30
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two-component structure of household income distributions in Poland
Autorzy:
Łukasiewicz, Piotr
Karpio, Krzysztof
Orłowski, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
income distribution
Pareto model
power law
Opis:
Research background: Studies of the structures of the income distributions have been performed for about 15 years. They indicate that there is no model which describes the distributions in their whole range. This effect is explained by the existence of different mechanisms yielding to low-medium and high incomes. While more than 97% of the distributions can be described by exponential or log-normal models, high incomes (about 3% or less) are in agreement with the power law. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is an analysis of the structure of the household income distributions in Poland. We verify the hypothesis about two-part structure of those distributions by using log-normal and Pareto models. Methods: The studies are based on the households? budgets microdata for years 2004?2012. The two-component models are used to describe the income distributions. The major parts of the distributions are described by the two parametric log-normal model. The highest incomes are described by the Pareto model. We also investigate the agreement with data of the more complex models, like Dagum, and Singh-Madalla. Findings & Value added: One has showed that two or three parametric models explain from about 95% to more than 99% of income distributions. The poorest agreement with data is for the log-normal model, while the best agreement has been obtained for the Dagum model. However, two-part model: log-normal for low-middle incomes and Pareto model for the highest incomes describes almost the whole range of income distributions very well.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2018, 13, 4; 603-622
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Purpose of the Tax System that Gives Meaning and Legitimacy to Taxes
Autorzy:
Muñoz López, José Luis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36099046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Constitution
taxes
distribution of wealth
law and justice
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to analyze the ultimate purpose of the tax system that gives meaning and legitimacy to taxation. The citizen thus becomes an integral part of the State, has the ability to elect its representatives through suffrage. The law is a guarantee of equality and justice that provides legal security, facilitating peace and coexistence. This guarantee is manifested through the constitutional system (Alvarado Plana, 2016: 193–195), where the Constitution (Escudero, 2012: 857–858) becomes the legislative framework and the supreme norm of the entire legal system that orders the coexistence of citizens and ensures the proper functioning of the State. The tax system is defined as a revenue collection tool to cover the needs of the State, but there is certainly more than that: to achieve the goal of equality, justice, freedom, peace and well-being of the society, but also to guarantee the sustainability of the system, achieve progress and social peace.  It is also essential to attract investment, create wealth and achieve proper development within the European Union (Sampedro, 2010: 300–309). Methodology. The analysis includes the basic values and principles assumed by Spanish culture, the evolution towards a modern society in which the citizen has rights and duties enshrined in the Constitution that justifies and legitimizes tax system and therefore taxes and a critical vision and an approach to our tax model through its ultimate purpose to contribute to defray public spending. All of these based on the principles and values established in the Spanish Constitution, which enshrines the rights of the citizen and, through them, supports the conception of the State itself. It also provides a modern approach to the future of our society and guarantees the legitimacy of our tax system. The result of the research. The analysis shows that the ultimate goal of the tax system is to contribute to public spending by the State. Therefore, in the contribution and control of spending, we find the guarantee that the State has healthy public accounts (deficit reduction, less public debt, and strict control of spending), so that the State has greater sovereignty and economic decision-making capacity. It allows the country to meet the objectives of the Constitution for any advanced society, such as peace, equality, justice, freedom and well-being of its citizens.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2022, Numer Specjalny: Challenges for National Tax Policies and International Tax Coordination – Selected Issues from the Polish, Spanish and International Perspectives; 15-33
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
OSDn - problemy związane z brakiem jasnej regulacji w tym zakresie
Autorzy:
Gil, Jakub
Karczmarczyk, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Nowa Energia
Tematy:
prawo energetyczne
dystrybucja energii elektrycznej
sieci dystrybucyjne
energy law
electricity distribution
distribution networks
Opis:
W ramach zaszłości historycznych i dawnych systemów regulacyjnych nadal funkcjonuje w Polsce wiele zakładów przemysłowych posiadających własne sieci dystrybucyjne i własnych odbiorców. Inwestorzy lokujący kapitał w nowo powstałych biurowcach w ramach strategii inwestycyjnych i optymalizacji kosztów energii elektrycznej poszukują możliwości zakwalifikowania wewnętrznych sieci jako sieci dystrybucyjnych, co umożliwia uzyskanie koncesji na dystrybucję energii elektrycznej. Podobne rozwiązania stosują kompleksy mieszkaniowe czy galerie handlowe. Co łączy wszystkie wyżej wymienione podmioty? Odpowiedź jest wyjątkowo prosta - każdy z nich mógłby być kwalifikowany jako Operator Systemu Dystrybucyjnego w zamkniętym systemie dystrybucyjnym (OSDn). I każdy z nich oczekuje na uporządkowanie regulacyjne w tym zakresie.
Źródło:
Nowa Energia; 2018, 4; 106-109
1899-0886
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Energia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does Zipfs law hold for Polish cities?
Autorzy:
Cieślik, Andrzej
Teresiński, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2040370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-02-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
Zipf's law
rank-size rule
city size distribution
Polska
Opis:
In this paper we study Zipf's law, which postulates that the product of a city's population and its rank (the number of cities with a larger or equal population) is constant for every city in a given region. We show that the empirical literature indicates that the law may not always hold, although its general form, the rank-size rule, could be a good first approximation of city size distribution. We perform our own empirical analysis of the distribution of the population of polish cities on the largest possible sample to find that Zipf's law is rejected for poland as the city sizes are less evenly distributed than it predicts.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2016, 20, 4; 5-10
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Usługi portów lotniczych a prawo konkurencji i regulacje lotniskowe
Airport services – the competition law and airport regulations
Autorzy:
Kosz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Europejskie Stowarzyszenie Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
Tematy:
airports services
competition law
airports regulation
airport charges
European Union law
traffic distribution between airports
air law
Opis:
There are two types of conditions relating to the provision of airport services- conditions resulting from competition law and conditions resulting from sectoral regulations. These conditions differ mainly in the nature of public intervention. Present competition law considerations of airport services in the EU and Poland derive from legislation and case law on the three major areas of application of the competition rules of (mainly) European Union: the prohibition of restrictive practices (agreements restricting competition and abuse of a dominant position) , preventive merger control and prohibition of anti-competitive practices. In all these areas could potentially occur violations of competition rules, both by airport managers and the airport users.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland; 2014, 2; 117-126
2299-8055
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sector Inquiry into Cross-Border E-Commerce: Challenges and Practical Implications for European Union Completion Law
Autorzy:
Szmigielski, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
EU competition law
e-commerce
sector inquiry
selective distribution
geoblocking
Opis:
The aim of this article is to show what the practical implications are regarding the Commission inquiry into e-commerce sector launched on 6 May 2015. Because of their specific and dynamic nature, the application of competition law to online markets may prove challenging. Therefore, the focus will be also directed to challenges that could be faced when anti-competitive practices in e-commerce sector are strictly enforced. The question is whether traditional competition analysis may be sufficiently able to reflect the way in which competition takes place on digital markets.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 235-248
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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