Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "differences-in-differences" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 47
Tytuł:
Environmental Regulations and Industrial Performance Evidence from the Revision of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law in China
Regulacje środowiskowe i wskaźniki ekonomiczne wynikające z nowelizacji prawa odnoszącego się do kontroli i zapobiegania zanieczyszczeniu wód w Chinach
Autorzy:
Yu, W.
Chen, Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/371471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
environmental regulations
water pollution prevention
control law
industrial performance
differences-in-differences approach
regulacje środowiskowe
prawo kontroli wody
ochrona zanieczyszczania wody
wydajność przemysłu
metody ekonometryczne
Opis:
Stringent environmental regulations are urgently needed as China’s environmental pollution is increasingly become an important issue both domestically and internationally. Based on a natural experiment of water pollution prevention and Control Law’s revision in 2008(WPPCL2008), this study investigates the effects of environmental regulatory policy on industry in China by using the industrial sectors’ data from 2003-2011. The results show that the WPPCL2008 significantly increases the total labor productivity, but has no ROA-inducement effect for water pollution-intensive sectors. Furthermore, WPPCL2008 has an insignificant negative influence on employment level of the water pollution-intensive sectors. At the same time, this study provides evidence on the effectiveness of the current written environmental laws in China.
Tworzenie rygorystycznego systemu prawa środowiskowego jest w Chinach niezbędne, z uwagi na rosnący poziom zanieczyszczenia środowiska i to tak w wymiarze krajowym, jak i międzynarodowym. Artykuł jako przykład analizuje konsekwencje nowelizacji prawa odnoszącego się do kontroli i zapobiegania zanieczyszczeniu wód, w oparciu o dane z lat 2003-2011. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że akt prawny WPPCL2008 doprowadził do znacznego wzrostu wydajności pracy, zarazem towarzysząca mu zmiana wskaźnika rentowności aktywów nie wpłynęła w znaczący sposób na funkcjonowanie przemysłu odpowiedzialnego za największą część zanieczyszczenia wód. Ponadto wprowadzeniu WPPCL2008 towarzyszył niewielki negatywny wpływ na poziom zatrudnienia w sektorach intensywnie zanieczyszczających wody. Artykuł omawia także aktualnie przygotowywane akty prawne, które mają szanse wyeliminować te niedogodności.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2015, 10, 1; 41-48
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental Regulation and Employment: Evaluating the Role of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law in China
Prawo ochrony środowiska a zatrudnienie: ocena Ustawy o zapobieganiu zanieczyszczeniu i kontroli jakości wód w Chinach
Autorzy:
Yu, Wei
Liu, Xiao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/371034.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
environmental regulations
differences-in-differences
employment
Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law (WPPCL)
prawo ochrony środowiska
DID
zatrudnienie
Ustawa o zapobieganiu zanieczyszczeniom wody i kontroli jakości wód
Opis:
In this paper, we investigate the impact of environmental regulations on employment in China. We apply a quasi-natural experiment on the revision of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law in 2008 (WPPCL2008), and we analyze manufacturing sectors’ reaction to WPPCL2008 by using a differences-in-differences approach based on China’s thirty five sectors at the 2-digit level from 2003 to 2014. Our results show that although environmental regulations can reduce waste-water emissions, at the same time cause a decrease in employment. The results suggest that stringent environmental regulation is not cost free. Furthermore, this finding contradicts the popular view that the effect of Chinese legislation enforcement is insignificant.
W tym artykule analizujemy wpływ środowiskowych regulacji prawnych na zatrudnienie w Chinach. Przygotowaliśmy eksperyment odnoszący się do poprawionej Ustawy o zapobieganiu zanieczyszczeniom wody i kontroli jakości wód z 2008 r. (WPPCL2008) i przeanalizowaliśmy reakcję na zmienione prawo ze strony sektora produkcyjnego korzystając z metody DID (differences-in-differences), uwzględniając 35 sektorów występujących w Chinach i 2-cyfowy poziom pomiędzy 2003 a 2014 r. Otrzymane rezultaty pokazują, że surowe regulacje środowiskowej nie są wolne od kosztów. Co więcej, okazuje się, że są one sprzeczne z poglądem, że chińskie prawodawstwo jest nieistotne.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2018, 13, 2; 7-16
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two Years of the Bank Tax in Poland – an Analysis of Effects
Autorzy:
Jarno, Klaudia
Kołodziejczyk, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485418.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-13
Wydawca:
Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny
Tematy:
bank tax
banking sector
difference-in-differences
Opis:
The main purpose of the paper is an attempt to assess the effects of introducing a bank levy in Poland on selected indicators of the banking sector using the difference-in-differences method. The employment of the difference-in-differences method does not result is strict findings regarding the incidence of the newly introduced bank levy. Although we observe negative effects on ROA, the value of assets, and the value of loans, and positive effects on the number of employees, our results are not statistically significant.
Źródło:
Bezpieczny Bank; 2018, 2 (71); 86-95
1429-2939
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczny Bank
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Differences in income distributions for men and women in the European Union countries
Autorzy:
Landmesser, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
gender pay gap
differences in distributions
decomposition methods
Opis:
Research background: Recently there has been an increase in interest in the studies of income inequalities. The findings of numerous empirical studies show that males earn higher wages than females. A variety of techniques of income inequalities decomposition are becoming popular. New procedures go far beyond the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. They allow to study differences of income distributions for various groups of people and to decompose them at various quantile points. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to compare personal income distributions in selected countries of the European Union, taking into account gender differences. Methods: First, we examined the income inequalities between men and women in each country using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition procedure. The unexplained part of the gender pay gap gave us information about the wage discrimination. Second, we extended the decomposition procedure to different quantile points along the whole income distribution. To describe differences between the incomes of men and women, we constructed the so-called counterfactual distribution, which is a mixture of a conditional distribution of the dependent variable (income) and a distribution of the explanatory variables (individual people?s characteristics). Then, we utilized the residual imputation approach (JMP-approach). Findings & Value added: In the article data from EU-SILC (Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) were used. We found that there exists an important diversity in the size of the gender pay gap across members of the European Union. The results obtained for these countries allowed us to group them into clusters. In general, there are two types of countries in Europe: the countries, where the bulk of the observed income differences cannot be explained by observed characteristics, and the countries, where the explained and the unexplained effects are both positive, with even a bigger explained effect for the lower income ranges.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2019, 14, 1; 81-98
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Business targets and corporate governance models
Autorzy:
Samborski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
practices
business target
corporate governance models
differences in management
praktyki
Opis:
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the management practices of American, German and Polish enterprises in the cross-section of business objectives analysed. Design/methodology/approach: The paper assumes that the differences in setting business objectives result from the differences in corporate governance models. The study used the Kruskal-Wallis One-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks and multiple comparisons of mean ranks for all samples. Findings: The study found that some of the management practices of German, Polish and American enterprises differed across business objectives. However, differences in management practices did not always coincide with differences in corporate governance models. The research shows that corporate governance institutions do not always explain existing differences in management practices, and that the setting of business objectives also depends on other factors. Originality/value: The conducted research enriches the literature in the area of strategic management by issues concerning the determinants of setting business goals in enterprises.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2022, 157; 431--445
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bielszy odcień inteligencji: o różnicach rasowych i etnicznych w kontekście badań nad inteligencją
A Whiter Shade of Intelligence: Racial and Ethnic Differences in Intelligence Studies
Autorzy:
Albański, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/919719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
intelligence
group differences in IQ tests
achievements
racial and ethnic categorizations
Opis:
This article addresses the issue of racial and ethnic differences in intelligence studies. Some researchers have claimed to use national IQs in studies of evolutionary theories of racial differences in intelligence. However, due to the Flynn Effect and some methodological questions, national IQs cannot be viewed solely in evolutionary and socio-economic development terms and can be considered in light of intercultural differences as well. Moreover, the meaning of race in intelligence studies is vaguely defined. It leads to considerable controversies surrounding the public understanding of race (for instance, stereotyping threat). It also creates suspicions as to the use of group differences in IQ tests to explain racial and ethnic differences in achievements.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2019, 53; 103-115
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling and computation of laminar unsteady flow past oscillating and rotating circular cylinders
Autorzy:
Baranyi, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
bluff body
forced vibration
rotation
lock-in
laminar flow
finite differences
Opis:
In this paper a finite difference solution is presented for the 2D, unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for laminar flow about fixed, oscillating or rotating cylinders. Equations are transformed to a non-inertial system fixed to the cylinder. Convective terms are handled by a third order upwind difference, other space derivatives by fourth order central differences, and time derivatives by forward differences. The computed Strouhal numbers for fixed cylinders compare well with experimental results. The variation of time mean and root-mean-square values of lift and drag coefficients with rotation parameter alpha is also shown for a rotating cylinder for two different grids. Amplitude bounds of locked-in vortex shedding due to crossflow cylinder oscillation were determined for Re=180.
Modelowanie i analiza nieustalonego przepływu laminarnego wokół drgających i wirujących cylindrów kołowych. W pracy przedstawiono uzyskane metodą różnic skończonych rozwiązanie równań Naviera-Stokesa opisujących dwuwymiarowy, nieściśliwy przepływ laminarny wokół cylindrów. Równania przetransformowano do inercyjnego ukłdu współrzędnych związanych z cylindrem. Człony konwekcyjne przedstawiono za pomocą różnic wstecznych trzeciego rzędu, inne pochodne przestrzenne - różnicami centralnymi czwartego rzędu, a pochodne czasowe - różnicami progresywnymi. Obliczone w ten sposób liczby Strouhala dla cylindrów utwierdzonych są zgodne z wynikami doświadczalnymi. Zmiennośc czasowych współczynników sił nośnych i oporu w zależności od parametru rotacji alfa przedstawiono również dla wirującego cylindra i dwóch siatek podziału.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2000, 38, 4; 947-955
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polymorphism of the storage proteins in rye cultivars and populations selected for tolerance to nutrient deficiency.
Autorzy:
Rzepka-Plevneš, Danuta
Smolik, Miłosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198912.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003-12-21
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
differences
electrophoresis
in vitro cultures
nutrient deficit
rye
storage protein
tolerance
Opis:
Ten open-pollinated cultivars, two strains of rye and Sl, S2, S3 progenies obtained after selection directed towards tolerance to nutrient deficit were used in the study. The aim of the study was to compare the genotypes of the above mentioned rye populations by electrophoretically characterised of their secalin patterns.The result showed that most of the tested rye cultivars revealed simi1ar but not identica1 electrophoretic patterns. Specific secalin patterns were obtained from all the cultivars, except cv. Arant and strain SMH 92. Differences in comparison to initial genotypes were observed in some rye populations in Sl and S2 generations, including additional polypeptide of molecular weight 43 kDa. It was not linked with rye tolerance to nitrogen and potassium deficit in medium.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2003, 48; 49-59
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osobowość ekologiczna płci - badania ankietowe
Pro environment personality of sex - survey results
Autorzy:
Grochowska, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
różnice psychologiczne między płciami
środowisko
las
Sex differences in psychology
environment
forrest
Opis:
After analysing the above answers we can deduct some results, which confirm certain behaviour in girls that can be scientifically explained. A survey helped in establishing ecological consciousness and was a help in characterizing a survival persona. Looking at the answers with inclusion of two different sexes we can follow differences in the views concerning environmental protection, the survey results clearly show a difference in approach to the natural environment depending on the sex. Women more clearly see the beauty, harmony and set order in the environment. Nature astonishes them and is a guarantee of life. Analysing the survey results it is not possible not to see the differences in viewing the natural environment. Quoting Estes we can say that mature woman (surviving woman) looking at a forest sees a home for herself and other people, whilst others looking at the same forest imagine cutting down trees and making money on it. Clean environment allowing life is like air necessary to live and you can only breathe deeply with clean air. It is similar with woman’s psyche where a mechanism of full breath operates and forces her to breathe in the fresh air. The research results confirmed that girls show more concern about harmony and complexity of the natural world and definitely at every opportunity become protectors of life. So a smaller extend that boys they support technological and technical development, they do not see it as a solution to problems connected with degradation of environment. If you would like to separate pro environment personality types taking into account these characteristic for boys and girls, based on the performed survey, we can present: Rational type , scientific thinker and technocrat, consumer, which is dominant in boys answers and emotional type, esthetic environmentalist which is dominant within girls answers. Woman can show man how to admire nature, how to develop sensitivity and open ones eyes to new perspectives, whose theoretical author is often he himself. It is women who with their hearts read and introduce into life philosophical life and written theological works whose authors are men. Woman’s task is activity connected with protecting the wisdom of soul, not to accept abnormal state for normal and to hale the courage to celebrate natural forces with elements of Her soul and life, which a priceless treasure of each woman. When women do not follow their voice when intervening in unacceptable situations her views fade, her nature fades and natural world. Love fades as well as the will to repair the world and harmony with nature, The Word lacks fresh air and water, but also the voice of consciousness. Research I have performed confirmed the thesis I had made and allows to precise the desired personality characteristics, needed to shape a survival personality.
Źródło:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2008, 6, 1; 15-52
1733-1218
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Decomposition of Differences between Household Income Distributions in Poland in Years 2002 and 2012
Dekompozycja różnic między rozkładami dochodów gospodarstw domowych w Polsce w roku 2002 oraz 2012
Autorzy:
Landmesser, Joanna Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/656142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
dekompozycja nierówności dochodowych
różnice między rozkładami
decomposition of income inequalities
differences in distributions
Opis:
W artykule zaprezentowano dekompozycję nierówności między rozkładami dochodów gospodarstw domowych w Polsce w roku 2002 oraz 2012. Różnica między dwoma rozkładami może zostać zdekomponowana przy wykorzystaniu rozkładu kontrfaktycznego, który można skonstruować na różne sposoby. Rozważono następujące techniki: podejście oparte na imputacji reszt oraz metodę RIF‑regresji (zdecentrowanej funkcji wpływu). Zastosowanie tych metod pozwoliło na przeprowadzenie zagregowanej i szczegółowej dekompozycji dla wybranych kwantyli rozkładów dochodów. Oceniono wpływ indywidualnych cech osób na różnice w rozkładach. Dekomponując nierówności na część wyjaśnioną i niewyjaśnioną, uzyskano dodatkową informację na temat ich przyczyn.    
In this study we present the decomposition of income inequalities between household income distributions in Poland in 2002 and 2012. The difference between two distributions may be decomposed using the counterfactual distribution, which can be constructed in various ways. Techniques such as the residual imputation approach and RIF‑regression method (recentered influence function) were considered. The application of these methods made it possible to show the aggregate detailed decompositions in different quantile points along the income distribution. The influence of several person’s characteristics on the differences in income distributions was examined. By decomposing the inequalities into the explained and unexplained components it was possible to receive additional information about their causes.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2018, 4, 336; 103-115
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie płodności w Polsce
Spatial variation of fertility in Poland by voivodship
Autorzy:
Podogrodzka, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418284.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fertility transformation
spatial differences in fertility change
typology of voivodships by patterns of fertility
Opis:
The article describes the variation of fertility in Poland by voivodships in the period 1990–2009, separately for urban and rural areas. The analysis is based on the total fertility rate, the age-specific fertility rates (fertility patterns), and a median age of childbearing and their change over time. These variables are used to identify groups of similar voivodships. The underlying changes, whereby the peak in the age-specific fertility is shifted towards older age groups, demonstrate patterns of fertility transformation, which can be observed in several areas of Poland. It has been shown that the changes in fertility by voivodships were not homogeneous as to the intensity, but similar to the direction. A similar trend has been observed for changes in the total fertility rate. However, these considerations do not allow to believe that in all voivodships timing of fertility was a decisive factor of observed changes. In some voivodships the quantum effects were more important. This suggests that the transformation of fertility in different areas of Poland was not driven by the same determinants.
Źródło:
Studia Demograficzne; 2011, 2(160); 85-106
0039-3134
Pojawia się w:
Studia Demograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enjoyment as a key to success? Links between e-tandem language learning and tertiary students’ foreign language enjoyment
Autorzy:
Resnik, Pia
Schallmoser, Christine
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
foreign language enjoyment
individual differences
LX user
positive psychology in SLA
tandem language learning
Opis:
This paper reports on crossing borders virtually via an e-Tandem scheme and presents the findings of a study, in which students of English from an Austrian university were paired with students of German from the UK and the USA. Drawing on data from 19 in-depth interviews, the study aims to identify links between e-Tandem language learning and foreign language enjoyment (FLE) (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014, 2016). A category-based qualitative text analysis (Kuckartz, 2014) revealed that a majority of the interviewees felt e-Tandem language learning contributed to their FLE. Furthermore, a range of reasons underlying students’ perceived enjoyment of learning a language in Tandem emerged: having authentic conversations in the target language with L1 (first language) users (Dewaele, 2018), perceiving each other as cultural mediators and a difference from language classroom contexts on the level of power relations, which made students feel more at ease. Helping each other, receiving one-on-one feedback and perceiving improvement in their linguistic mastery were furthermore mentioned as factors they felt boosted their enjoyment and so was developing friendships with L1 users. According to the interviewees, these aspects specifically increased their interest and enjoyment in using and learning the language and their eudaimonic happiness. The findings demonstrate that e-Tandem language learning can be a resource to enhance perceived enjoyment in foreign language learners at tertiary level and they illustrate that social and private components of FLE seem to be interlinked.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2019, 9, 3; 541-564
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Różnice pokoleniowe w sposobach wywierania wpływu społecznego u kadry kierowniczej
Autorzy:
Paliga, Mateusz
Pollak, Anita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
social influence in organization
generational differences at work
influence tactics
shared leadership
authentic leadership
Opis:
It is said that the efficacy of management depends, among other things, on the ability to effectively use different types of social influence (Yukl 2006: 145; Kożusznik 2015). The article focuses on the problem of social influence in organization, being an attempt to present the preferences of younger and older managers for using different tactics of influence as well as shared and authentic leadership. A group of 100 managers from Upper Silesia took part in the study. The results show that age has an impact on the frequency of using particular influence tactics, but does not differentiate the managers in terms of leadership styles. Moreover, the association between influence tactics and leadership styles was investigated and a set of relations between them was confirmed.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2016, 2(21); 149-165
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Differences between determinants of men and women monthly wages across fourteen European Union states
Autorzy:
Matuszewska-Janica, Aleksandra
Witkowska, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
labour market
wages
wages determinants
differences in men and women wage determinants
ordered logit model
Opis:
Research background: There is a broad discussion in the literature on the situation of men and women in the labour market, especially about the differences in their remuneration. Due to the fact that females constitute a slightly different group of employees, certain factors have different impacts on the level of their remuneration in comparison to male employees. Hence, the question arises which factors cause these differences and how large the dissimilarities are. Purpose of the article: The aim of the presented study is to diagnose and evaluate differences in the impact of designated determinants on the level of monthly wages of women and men in selected European Union member states. The novelty of our approach consists in both comparison of the intensity of influence examined factors to men?s and women?s earnings, and a global approach to the remuneration of male and female employees. Methods: Due to the nature of the dependent variable (remuneration decile, which is a variable measured on an ordinal scale), the ordered logit model is applied in the analysis. The data comes from the Eurostat?s Labour Force Survey. Findings & value added: Presented results indicate that many factors have significantly different intensity of impact on the level of men and women wages. However, significant differences between parameters estimated for both genders are visible for the group of family variables the most often, then for variables describing the condition of work, the human capital variables, and characteristics of the workplace. This paper adds to the empirical literature a new approach to measure the intensity of factors influencing men and women wages. In addition, our investigation is a cross-country analysis.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2021, 16, 3; 503-531
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What, If Anything, Most Memorable Personal Moral Dilemmas Can Tell Us About Women’s and Men’s Moral Competence?
Autorzy:
Klimenko, Marina A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
moral competence
moral development
moral dilemmas of college students
sex-differences in moral judgement
MCT
Opis:
Most all popular moral reasoning or moral judgment tests are based on presenting subjects with two or more hypothetical moral dilemmas and asking them to make judgments on the moral quality of arguments supporting and questioning a protagonist’s decision (e.g., the Moral Competence Test by G. Lind). Although these tests have been insightful by tapping some aspect of individuals’ moral-cognitive schemas, moral maturity, or moral development, they also have limitations. Hypothetical moral dilemmas may be too abstract and impersonal, thus failing to create enough emotional salience. Learning more about real-life personally recalled moral dilemmas may reveal more about the individual’s moral mind and experiences. Objective. The current study was conducted to learn more about the personally experienced moral dilemmas, and how they relate to subjects’ level of moral competence and gender. Method. Subjects were asked to recall the most challenging personal moral dilemma; subjects completed the MCT test to measure moral competence. Results. Among some of the findings was that for both, men and women, higher moral competence scores were positively correlated with recalling personal moral dilemmas where the choice had to be made between some altruistic (care for others) and selfish actions. For men, it was the risk of compromising one’s status, whereas for women it was the risk of personal safety.
Źródło:
Ethics in Progress; 2021, 12, 1; 59-72
2084-9257
Pojawia się w:
Ethics in Progress
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 47

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies