Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "department education" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 32
Tytuł:
Bezpieczeństwo jako przedmiot nauczania w polskim systemie edukacji
Autorzy:
Gąsiorowski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1996559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
safety
education
security science
department education
Opis:
The paper presents the essence of the education for safety. There were analyzed both theoretical issues and curriculum of the education aimed at matters related to widely understood safety in the system of public education as well as system of education in the Ministry of the Interior and Administration. Analysis of the theoretical aspects as well as of the practice proves that education for safety is successful. The society is educated in the necessary scope and therefore protected from a broad range of threats. Officers of the uniformed services are also educated in the scope sufficient for a professional fulfillment of the statutory duties. Such broad scope of safety knowledge allows the society to feel relatively secure. Such a sense of security is also contributed by the fact that this education continues to evolve and that main determinants of it are history, culture, traditions, geographical location, needs and challenges – so in fact potential threats, which in turn affects the process of education, attitudes, as well as the awareness.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2017, 3(117); 182-197
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Doskonalenie zarządzania w nauce, oświacie i kulturze
State Auditing in the Area of Science, Education and National Heritage Protection
Autorzy:
Róg, Łukasz
Zaleski-Ejgierd, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
NIK audit
NIK Department of Science Education and National Heritage
selected audits
inspection results
improvement of task efficiency
Opis:
In their article, the authors discuss ten audits conducted between the beginning of the 1990s and the year 2015 by the NIK Department of Science, Education and National Heritage. These audits are worth discussion due to several numerous reasons. The three of them are related to the quality of the law made at the beginning of the political transformations, whose deficiencies we have to face until now, the origins of the public radio and television in the new organisational and legal format, and the shaping of the media order in the light of the mandate of the National Broadcasting Council (Polish: KRRiT). The audit of the preparedness for UEFA Euro 2012 was unique because it lasted four years – before the tournament and due to its impact on the proper preparations for the championship. The other audits discussed in the article are concerned with the issues that were of key importance at the time, related to the state’s activity and effective spending of public funds.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2019, 64, 2 (385); 103-122
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Organizacja szkolnictwa w okresie pionierskim w Olsztynie przez wydział oświaty przy urzędzie pełnomocnika rządu RP (kwiecień–sierpień 1945)
The organization of education in the pioneer period in Olsztyn by the ment of Education at the Plenipotentiary Office of the Government of the Republic of Poland (April–August 1945)
Autorzy:
Radziszewska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Wydział Oświaty
Olsztyn
nauczyciele
szkoły powszechne
szkoły średnie
ogólnokształcące
gimnazjum
szkoła ćwiczeń
liceum pedagogiczne
Department of Education
Techers
primary schools
general
education liceums
gymnasium (middle school)
pedagogical liceum
Opis:
In April 1945, the Department of Education was formed in Olsztyn by the Plenipotentiary Office of the Government of the Republic of Poland. Its head was the native Paweł Sowa. During the functioning of the Department of Education at the Plenipotentiary Office of the Government of the Republic of Poland from April through to the end of August 1945, thanks to this department in the Masurian district, a network of educational administration in the area and the first schools were established. Polish education particularly developed in Olsztyn, supported by the increase in inhabitants. The aim of this article is to present the beginnings of the organization of primary and secondary education as well as pedagogic education in Olsztyn under the direction of the Department of Education in the Plenipotentiary Office during the pioneer period, which lasted until the appointment of the School District of Masuria in Olsztyn, i.e. September 1, 1945.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2019, 303, 1; 57-76
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
U źródeł dyscypliny nauk o bezpieczeństwie. Kształcenie nauczycieli przysposobienia obronnego w Wyższej Szkole Pedagogicznej (Akademii Pedagogicznej) im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Krakowie w latach 1973–2007
Tracing back the roots of security studies: the education of civil defence course teachers at the National Higher Teacher Training College (Pedagogical University) of Krakow in the years 1973–2007
Autorzy:
Wojtycza, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/17883388.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
nauki o bezpieczeństwie
kształcenie studentów
Zakład Wychowania Obronnego
Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna w Krakowie
security studies
student education
Department of Defense Education
Pedagogical University in Krakow
Opis:
Artykuł prezentuje powstanie i rozwój Zakładu Wychowania Obronnego Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej (od 1999 r. – Akademii Pedagogicznej) im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, którego działalność naukowa przyczyniła się do powstania dyscypliny nauk o bezpieczeństwie. Zakład powstał w 1973 r. i wchodził w skład Instytutu Nauk Pedagogicznych WSP. Działalność zakończył w 2000 r., w momencie przekształcenia w Katedrę Edukacji Obronnej. Wykształcił liczne grono absolwentów i obok podobnego zakładu w strukturze Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Bydgoszczy rozwijał badania naukowe w obszarze nauk o bezpieczeństwie. W składzie kadry Zakładu pracowali późniejsi profesorowie: prof. dr hab. Sławomir M. Mazur, prof. dr hab. Bronisław Siemieniecki, prof. dr hab. Marian Śnieżyński i prof. dr hab. Paweł Tyrała (1940–2013).
The article presents the establishment and development of the Department of Defense Education of the National Higher Teacher Training College (from 1999 on: Pedagogical University) in Krakow, whose scientific activity contributed to the creation of the discipline of security studies. The department was established in 1973 as part of the Institute of Pedagogical Sciences of the National Higher Teacher Training College of National Education in Krakow, and ended its activity in 2000, when it was transformed into the Department of Defense Education. It educated a large group of graduates and, along with a similar institution in the structure of the Pedagogical University in Bydgoszcz, developed scientific research in the field of security studies. The staff of the Department included later professors: PhD, DSc. ProfTit. Sławomir M. Mazur, PhD, DSc. ProfTit. Bronisław Siemieniecki, PhD, DSc. ProfTit. Marian Śnieżyński and PhD, DSc. ProfTit. Paweł Tyrała (1940–2013).
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2023, LI, 2; 113-125
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Right here, right now: a department store for learning
Autorzy:
Schejbal, David
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
department store for learning
higher education
Opis:
The rapid and extensive changes in higher education play out within a much larger, global context of change. Technology, globalization, mass enrollments in higher education, and the insatiable need of the global knowledge economy for educated workers is creating enormous pressures on higher education to adapt to meet the need.
Źródło:
e-mentor. Czasopismo naukowe Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie; 2016, 4 (66); 74-77
1731-6758
1731-7428
Pojawia się w:
e-mentor. Czasopismo naukowe Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wychowanie fizyczne na Uniwersytecie Notre Dame w South Bend Indiana – tradycja, proces, nauczyciele
Physical Education at Notre Dame University in South Bend Indiana – Tradition, Process, Teachers
Autorzy:
Marciniak, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1071302.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Notre Dame University
physical education classes
physical education teachers
Athletics Department
Opis:
The author of this article presensts the structure of physical education and sports at the academic level at Notre Dame University in South Bend Indiana. The first part describes the historical aspect, the most important dates, names of the university. The next part is an analysis of the program of physical education classes, sports facilities and budget for sport. In the last part, the author attempted to present a episode of his qualitative research at Notre Dame University during his stay in 20122014. The research concerned the professional satisfaction of physical education teachers at the University of Notre Dame.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2017, 43; 263-281
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania Zakładu Historii Oświaty i Wychowania Wydziału Pedagogicznego Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego nad myślą pedagogiczną XIX i XX wieku prowadzone w latach 2013–2016
Autorzy:
Kamińska, Janina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Department of the History of Education at the Faculty of Education (University of Warsaw)
education in 19th and 20th century
the originators of education
educational journals
Opis:
Between 2013 and 2016 the Department of the History of Education at the Faculty of Education (University of Warsaw) carried out research on the pedagological thought of the 19th and 20th centuries. It was mainly centered on the pedagological legacy of Aniela Szycówna (1869–1921), Iza Moszczeńska (1864–1941), Jan Hulewicz (1907–1980), Anna Mońka-Stanikowa (1917–2007) and Anna Radziwiłł (1939–2009). It is worthwhile to start investigating other personas that shaped the Polish education, as well as the legacy of other pedagogues who addressed educational problems in their research. Without doubt, such studies require investigating sources. Information can be found, for example, in articles published in educational journals, such as Przegląd Pedagogiczny, Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny (published at the beginning of the 20th c.), along with more recent periodicals focused on education and its history.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2016, 35; 127-139
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Long-term Changes in Body Build of Male and Female Judo Competitors
Autorzy:
Pietraszewska, Jadwiga
Burdukiewicz, Anna
Stachoń, Aleksandra
Andrzejewska, Justyna
Chromik, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030547.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Department of Physical Anthropology
University of Physical Education in Wrocław; Poland
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine if changes in the body build of judo athletes over a time span of 20 years are in line with trends described in the literature. Anthropometry of 60 male and 46 female judokas was performed. Data was collected from two cohorts: the first involved 30 males and 23 females measured in 1994–1995 and the second 30 males and 23 females in 2013. Anthropometric profiles included measurements of skinfolds, height, weight, and body and segment lengths, breadths, and girths. Although relatively identical heights and weights were found between the cohorts, significant differences were detected for body proportion measures. Males in 1994–1995 showed a significantly longer trunk, wider shoulders and hips, and more subcutaneous adipose tissue than the 2013 cohort. Females in 1994–1995 showed a shorter trunk, larger diameters of the trunk in relation to body height, and significantly lower skinfold thicknesses than the 2013 cohort. The direction of changes in the physical characteristics of judokas should be taken into consideration by coaches during training. Combat techniques should be adapted to the morphological traits of the athletes to achieve success and minimize the risk of overloading or injury.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2018, 22, 2; 69-77
2300-9705
2353-2807
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Education system of the Commission of National Education’s Navahrudak Department
Szkolnictwo Wydziału Nowogródzkiego Komisji Edukacji Narodowej
Autorzy:
Jamrożek, Wiesław
Szablicka-Żak, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2065733.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów
Tematy:
Commission of National Education
Navahrudak Department
Komisja Edukacji Narodowej
Wydział Nowogródzki
Opis:
The article on the education system in the Navahrudak Department presents various aspects of the work of the Commission of National Education’s institutions and people included in the book of our authorship. This publication is meant to be of an analytical, synthetic nature. On the one hand, it is based on the analysis of source materials; on the other, it refers to studies depicting the Commission’s achievements in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the work of the schools under its authority in this area, including the Navahrudak Department. The Navahrudak Department was formally established by the Commission of National Education in 1783 in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to cover the area of the provinces of Navahrudak, Minsk and part of Polotsk, which had lost part of its lands, captured by Russia, following the First Partition of Poland. The department was to be home to an academic department school in Navahrudak, subdepartment schools in Babruysk, Khalopyenichy, Minsk, Mazyr, Nyasvizh, Slutsk and Juravičy as well as monastic schools in Luzki (Piarist Order), Ushachy (Dominican Order), Berezvech (Basilian Order) and Dzisna (Franciscan Order), all of which received the status of subdepartment schools. The department was also home to parochial schools over which the Commission sought to assume authority that played a certain part in the spreading of education among peasants as well as making education available to landless nobles, who were numerous in Lithuania.
Źródło:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty; 2018, 55; 257-268
0080-4754
Pojawia się w:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Schools of the Commission of National Education’s Polesian Department
Szkoły Wydziału Poleskiego Komisji Edukacji Narodowej
Autorzy:
Walasek, Stefania
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2065734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów
Tematy:
Commission of National Education
Polesian Department
Komisja Edukacji Narodowej
Wydział Poleski
Opis:
The extensive literature on the functioning of schools in the era of the Commission of National Education has not addressed in full all the questions that we ask with regard to how the education reform was implemented in the specific departments of the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Current research aims at complementing crucial information in that respect. It also allows assessing the level and the scope of enforcement of the Commission’s Acts in school practice.
Źródło:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty; 2018, 55; 269-292
0080-4754
Pojawia się w:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Schools of the Commission of National Education’s Greater Poland Department
Szkoły Wydziału Wielkopolskiego Komisji Edukacji Narodowej
Autorzy:
Żołądź-Strzelczyk, Dorota
Nowicki, Michał
Ratajczak, Krzysztof
Gulczyńska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów
Tematy:
Commission of National Education
Greater Poland Department
Old Polish education system
Komisja Edukacji Narodowej
Wydział Wielkopolski
szkolnictwo staropolskie
Opis:
The Commission of National Education created a comprehensive school network, including the Greater Poland Department, consisting of department and subdepartment schools along with loosely connected with them parochial schools, which in its entirety remained under the authority of the Crown Main School. This article presents the history of the Greater Poland Department from the time of the Commission of National Education’s establishment in 1773 until the Commission terminated its operations in this region amid the Partitions of Poland in 1793. This study explores the department school in Poznań, the subdepartment schools in Kalisz, Wschowa, Trzemeszno, Toruń and Międzyrzecz as well as the parochial schools.
Źródło:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty; 2018, 55; 125-141
0080-4754
Pojawia się w:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomagający i wspomagani. Potrzeby – kompetencje – relacje pomocowe i poradnicze. Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa, Poznań, 27 kwietnia 2017 r.
Supporters and Support-recipients: Needs, Competences, Supportive and advisory relations. The National Scientific Conference, Poznań, Poland, 27th April 2017
Autorzy:
Trębińska-Szumigraj, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/686603.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Szkoły Wyższej
Tematy:
Zakład Poradnictwa Społecznego Wydziału Studiów Edukacyjnych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Polskie Towarzystwo Pedagogiczne
konferencja naukowa
Social Counselling Unit within the Department of Education Studies at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
Polish Pedagogical Society
scientific conference
Źródło:
Studia Poradoznawcze; 2018, 7
2450-3444
Pojawia się w:
Studia Poradoznawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Education system in the Commonwealth’s Eastern Borderlands in the days of the Commission of National Education (1773–1794)
Szkolnictwo na Kresach Rzeczypospolitej w czasach Komisji Edukacji Narodowej (1773–1794)
Autorzy:
Massalski, Adam
Kula, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów
Tematy:
Commission of National Education
Volhynian Department
Ukrainian Department
secondary schools
Basilian schools
Komisja Edukacji Narodowej
Wydział Wołyński
Wydział Ukraiński
szkoły średnie
szkoły bazyliańskie
Opis:
The article presents the transformation of the education system in the days of the Commission of National Education in the area of the Commonwealth’s south-eastern borderlands, ie the then provinces of Bratslav, Kyiv, Podolia and Volhynia, in the geographical, political and administrative context. Owing to their diversity in social, ethnic and religious terms and their distant location, these regions were particularly neglected in the Polish scholarly literature dealing with education. In 14 secondary schools operating within the Ukrainian and Volhynian Departments, students were being taught first by former Jesuits and Basilians and by secular teachers, graduates from the Crown Main School, thereafter.
Źródło:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty; 2018, 55; 171-193
0080-4754
Pojawia się w:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An anniversary left untold. The 400th anniversary of the publishing of the Frankfurt Memorandum
Autorzy:
Sarnecki, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
University of Szczecin
Department and Chair for the History of Education
course
the History of Education at the University of Szczecin
Opis:
The History of Education, one of the courses offered at teacher education studies at the University of Szczecin, has been taught since the 1960’s. It was then when Teacher Education College in Szczecin was set up as a branch of Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań. In 1973 Teacher Education College was transformed into an independent unit – Pedagogy Academy. The establishment of the University of Szczecin in 1985 marked a new chapter in the process of the development of the history of education as a course offered at pedagogical studies. History of Education Department was set up in 1992 and professor Danuta Koźmian was chair of the department throughout its existence. Scientific and didactic work of professor Danuta Koźmian first at Teacher Education College, through Pedagogy Academy and the University of Szczecin has been crucial for the development of the history of education as a course taught at teacher education studies in Szczecin. In 2008 professor Danuta Koźmian retired and the Council of the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Szczecin established the Chair for the History of Education appointing professor Wiesław Andrukowicz, Ph.D its head.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2018, 38; 335-340
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Piarists and the Commission of National Education’s Piarist Department: Origins, contexts, interpretations
Pijarzy i Wydział Pijarski Komisji Edukacji Narodowej. Korzenie, konteksty, interpretacje
Autorzy:
Puchowski, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058097.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów
Tematy:
Commission of National Education
Piarist Department
Piarist Order
Komisja Edukacji Narodowej
Wydział Pijarski
zakon pijarów
Opis:
In the article, the usual emphasis on innovative elements in the description of the characteristics of Stanisław Konarski’s education reform has been contrasted with opinions pointing to the compromise, halfway and eclectic character of the undertaken measures. In fact, it was not until the Piarist schools were subjugated to the Commission of National Education that their status, objectives and programmes were changed. It has to be borne in mind that until the times of the Commission, any changes in regard to education the Piarists had proposed had to be approved by the Order’s supervisors and could not expose the Order to conflict with the Church authorities. On their part, the orders saw education only in relation to the piety that they lived by and desired to instil in others. It impeded the development of science and the distinguished scholars of particular orders for a long time could not bring themselves to accept science’s autonomy from faith. The Commission of National Education removed those barriers to a great extent, continually emphasising the necessity to modernise the programme of education and carefully supervising that process in the schools run by the Piarist Order. What was notable was that by the Commission’s recommendations, Piarist colleges began, more distinctly than ever, radiating the Enlightenment ideas. The greater stress on the teaching of mathematical and natural sciences and the promotion of experiments in pure science were reflective of that transformation.
Źródło:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty; 2018, 55; 195-216
0080-4754
Pojawia się w:
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 32

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies