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Tytuł:
Zależność miejskiej wyspy ciepła od cyrkulacji atmosferycznej
Urban heat island in dependence of atmospheric circulation types
Autorzy:
Wawer, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945181.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
miejska wyspa ciepła
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
urban heat island
Opis:
The urban heat island (UHI) is very frequent in Warsaw and may exist during every types of atmospheric circulation. The UHI is more frequent during anticyclonic types than during cyclonic ones. Especially intensive UHI is in the anticyclonic types: NE, W and E-SE.
Miejska wyspa ciepła w Warszawie występuje bardzo często i może tworzyć się przy każdym typie cyrkulacji atmosferycznej. Powstaje ona częściej w sytuacjach antycyklonalnych niż w cyklonalnych, a jej największą intensywność można obserwować przy typach: NE, W i SE.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica; 1999, 3
1427-9711
2353-6063
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola cyrkulacji atmosferycznej w kształtowaniu stopnia czystości powietrza napływającego nad aglomeracje miejsko-przemysłowe (na przykładzie Łodzi)
The impact of air circulation on purity of the air flowing over urban and industrial agglomeration (a study case of Łódź)
Autorzy:
Skrzypski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945195.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Łódź
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
Opis:
Zanalizowano zmiany poziomu zanieczyszczenia pyłem zawieszonym i SOz mas powietrznych napływających nad zachodnie i wschodnie peryferie Łodzi. Stwierdzono wyraźne zmniejszenie tego poziomu, a także jego zaJeźność od typu cyrkulacji atmosferycznej. Wykazano, że obserwowana w miastach Polski poprawa sytuacji aerosanitarnej wynika z uwarunkowań zewnętrznych. Wykazano również wpływ zmian frekwencji poszczególnych typów cyrkulacji (wpływ okresowości procesów cyrkulacyjnych) na zanieczyszczenie powietrza w aglomeracjach miejsko-przemysłowych.
Changes in dust and S02 concentration in the air masses flowing onto western and eastern suburbs of Łódź are analyzed. A significant decrease in these values was observed and dependence of the concentration on the type of air circulation was found. It was shown that improvement in the aero-sanitary conditions was caused by external factors. It was also shown that changes in the frequency of particular circulation types had influence on the air pollution in urban and industrial agglomerations.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica; 1999, 3
1427-9711
2353-6063
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cechy zmienności opadów w cyklu rocznym na obszarze Svalbardu
Features of the precipitation changesover the Svalbard in the annual cycle
Autorzy:
Łupikasza, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
opady atmosferyczne
Svalbard
zmienność opadów
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
Opis:
This article discusses the changes in an annual cycle of precipitation observed over many years in the Svalbard area. Monthly precipitation sums recorded at the Isfjord Radio station, Björnöya, Jan Mayen were used to accomplish the analysis. Data presented come from GHCN (Vose et al. 1997), MCDW (1957-1997) and WWR (1929,1944,1947,1959,1968,1979,1981, 1987, 1994, 19(5). The characteristics of the annual precipitation were described using Wilgat's indicator of periodicity of precipitation ( 1949) and Vemic's pluviometric coefficient (Szreffel 1961). Apart from that the amount of the highest and the lowest occurrence of precipitation in each month was calculated during the 10-years moving periods. In addition the annual change of the monthly sums of precipitation was characterised. The analysis of the annual change of the periodicity indicator has proved that during the examined period the precipitation regime on Isfjord Radio station and Jan Mayen do not show clear changes. On Björnöya station from the mid forties periodicity of precipitation has decreased. On all examined stations until the late thirties the value of the pluviometric coefficient were less than 50%. Since the mid forties over half of the amount of precipitation occurred from March to November. The highest sums of precipitation most often occurred in April, May and June. The highest sums of precipitation on Jan Mayen station and Björnöya station occurred mainly in September and October. On Isford Radio station the highest sums of precipitation were recorded chiefly in March. September. February and August.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2000, 10; 41-54
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opady całkowite i stałe w Arktyce Kanadyjskiej i ich zmienność w okresie 1950-1995
Total and solid precipitation in the Canadian Arctic and their variability from 1950 to 1995
Autorzy:
Przybylak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
opady atmosferyczne
Arktyka
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
Opis:
The main aims of this paper are i) to establish the trends in solid and total precipitation as well as in solid to total precipitation ratio (hereinafter SIC ratio) in the Canadian Arctic in recent decades. and ii) to investigate the influence of air temperature and circulation factors (atmospheric and oceanic) on the above-mentioned precipitation characteristics, Recently updated and adjusted data (see Mekis and Hogg 1999) from 16 stations located in the Canadian Arctic (fig. I) were used for the investigation. The southern boundary of the study area was taken after Atlas Arktiki (1985). In addition, the data from two sub-Arctic stations were also used. The majority of the data cover the period from 1950 to 1995. The relationship between air temperature and precipitation in the Canadian Arctic was investigated using i) the sets of 10 individual warmest and 10 individual coldest years chosen from the areally averaged annual Canadian Arctic temperature series, ii) the warmest and coldest l C-year blocks from the same Canadian Arctic series, and iii) the sets of years defined in points i) and ii) but chosen from the individual station temperature series. Next, in the case of the two first approaches, for each station the differences of solid and total precipitation as well as the S/C ratio were calculated between sets of warmest and coldest years. In the third approach, the differences were only computed for the station which was the basis for choosing the warmest and coldest years. The same method was used to investigate the relationships between circulation factors and precipitation in the Canadian Arctic. The precipitation and the SIC ratio differences were calculated here between the sets of years with high and low values of the best known indices (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation) characterizing atmospheric circulation or, in the case of the oceanic circulation, between the years with the opposite Arctic Ocean circulation regimes (cyclonic and anticyclonic, see e.g. Proshutinsky and Johnson 1997). The main results of the investigation were as follows: The corrected annual precipitation sums (after the influence of measured errors are deleted ) arc higher than uncorrected values by 26% to 58% depending on the analyzing station (see tab. 2). A statistically significant increase in all kinds of areally averaged seasonal and annual precipitation for the Canadian Arctic occurred over the period 1950 1995 (figs :2 and 3). On the other hand, the S/C ratio did not change significantly, except for summer values (fig. 5) and its behavior was also in accord with small variations noted in air temperature (fig. 4). Solid precipitation occurs usually in all seasons , but the S/C ratio maximum was observed in winter (98.7%) and the minimum in summer (12.5%). The areally averaged annual S/C ratio was 57,3%. An increase in air temperature in the Canadian Arctic most often led to the rise of all kinds of annual precipitation sums, but only when the warmest and coldest years were chosen based on the individual stations. The pattern of the relationship is significantly more complicated and can be even opposite to that presented above, when the sets of the warmest and coldest years are chosen based on the areally averaged annual temperature for the Canadian Arctic (see fig. 6). Significantly more stable results of changes occurred for the S/C ratio, which in warmer periods was usually lower (fig. 7). However, more detailed and reliable investigations of temperature-precipitation relations conducted for individual stations showed that the last statement is true, but only for the southern (warmer) part of the Canadian Arctic (<70°N). During the periods with high positive values of the NAO, a decrease in precipitation is observed in the south-eastern part of the Canadian Arctic (fig. 8), that is, in the area where a strong cooling was also observed (see fig. 12 in Przybylak 2000). During the El Niño events most of the Canadian Arctic had both greater precipitation and a higher SIC ratio than during the La Niña events (fig. 9). The most univocal results of precipitation and SC ratio changes were connected with changes of the Arctic Ocean circulation regimes. In almost the whole study area, a lower precipitation and a SC ratio was noted during the anticyclonic circulation regime in the Arctic Ocean (fig. 11).
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2000, 10; 13-40
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura bilansu promieniowania słonecznego na obszarze Lodowca Avatsmarka w dniach 13 IV - 04 V 2002 r.
Structure of solar radiation balance on Avatsmark Glacier in the period of 13 IV - 4 V 2002
Autorzy:
Budzik, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260822.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Spitsbergen
promieniowanie słoneczne
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
solar radiation
atmospheric circulation
Opis:
It was carried out an analysis of solar radiation balance for a chosen active surface (glacier). The basis was meteorological data, which was recorded by an automatic weather station in the period of 13.04.2002 - 04.05.2002 in the area of Aavatsmark glacier (NW Spitsbergen). The individual radiation fluxes were analysed and balances and also diurnal sums were calculated on the basis of them. It was set the individual values of radiation balance against chosen meteorological parameters. These results were compared with the data from the nearby weather station in Ny-Alesund.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2003, 13; 151-160
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Związek akumulacji śniegu na lodowcach północno-zachodniego Spitsbergenu z cyrkulacją atmosferyczną, opadami i temperaturą powietrza w okresach zimowych
Relation between the snow accumulation on glaciers of North-West Spitsbergen and the atmospheric circulation, precipitation and air temperature in the winter seasons
Autorzy:
Grabiec, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260836.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Spitsbergen
akumulacja śniegu
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
opady
temperatury powietrza
snow accumulation
atmospheric circulation
precipitation
air temperature
Opis:
This work attempts to determine connections between glaciers' winter mass balance and meteorological factors of winter seasons. Detailed analysis was carried out between the snow accumulation of Austre Broggerbreen and the meteorological data from Ny-Alesund station (Kongsfjord region) from 1975 to 1998. Relation has been found between the snow accumulation and warm and humid air masses frequency in winter seasons (X - V). Those masses are mainly from southerly and southwesterly directions for Svalbard. The winter mass balance shows very clear connection with air temperature and precipitation factors of winter seasons (sum of winter precipitation, number of days with precipitation intensity >= 5 mm per day, winter mean air temperature, and number of days with maximum daily air temperature >= 0°C). A particularly close connection is observed between winter mass balance and number of days with precipitation intensity >= 5 mm per day at the positive daily maximum air temperature (LPTmax) (r = 0.81) - Fig. 8. The winter mass balance multiply regression (Wb) was worked with the use of the elementary meteorological factors: the average winter temperature (T) and the sum of precipitation in the same period (P). On the basis of the multiply regression of winter balance it is possible to predict snow accumulation changes. Over the next 50 years the winter snow accumulation of Austre Broggerbreen could increase about 15% if the scenario of climatic changes by Hanssen-Bauer (2002b) is used. If, in addition, one assumes the stability of ablation, the mass balance of glaciers will rise by 24%, but the mass balance will still be negative.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2003, 13; 161-171
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Amplituda dobowa temperatury powietrza na Antarktydzie
Diurnal air temperature range on the Antarctic
Autorzy:
Kejna, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
temperatury powietrza
Antarktyda
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
air temperature
Antarctic
atmospheric circulation
Opis:
Diurnal air temperature ranges (DTR) have been counted based on the monthly mean values of the daily maximal and minimal air temperature from 23 Antarctic stations. DTR shows a considerable spatial differentiation on the Antarctic. The lowest DTR values (4-6°C) occur along the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula and on the subantarctic islands. At the remaining coast of Antarctica the mean DTR vary from 6-7°C to 10°C at the stations situated on higher geographical latitude. In the Antarctic inlands the largest DTR values occur at the highest parts of glacier plateau (8-9°C), while on the South Pole they are distinctly smaller (6°C). In the annual course of DTR the following types have been distinguished: oceanic type at the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula with small DTR in summer (2-4°C) and twice higher in winter; oceanic-continental type at the coast of Eastern Antarctic with large DTR during the whole year; continental-oceanic type with high DTR in summer and still higher (up to 13°C) in winter occurring at Western Antarctic and in the Weddell Sea basin; continental type characteristic for the interior of the continent with the highest DTR in summer (11-12°C) and smaller in winter; polar type with small DTR in summer (to 3°C) and considerable higher in winter (7-8°C). A decrease of DTR occurred on the Antarctic in regions characterized by increasing temperature in the second half of the 20th century, especially on the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, on the coast of Ross Sea and on the Queen Maud Land. The decrease in the DTR values was connected with the quicker increase of daily minimal air temperatures. On the other hand, in the regions where cooling was noted the DTR values increase (inlands of Eastern Antarctic and South Pole, and the Weddell Sea basin), mainly due to the fall in daily minimal air temperatures.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 7-18
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie wybranych elementów meteorologicznych w sezonie letnim między stacjami Hornsund i Calypsobyen (Spitsbergen)
Comparison of some selected meteorological elements of the Summer season between Hornsund and Calypsobyen stations (Spitsbergen)
Autorzy:
Gluza, A.
Siłuch, M.
Siwek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Spitsbergen
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
warunki klimatyczne
atmospheric circulation
weather conditions
Opis:
The aim of the study washas been to determine the differences in the 24-hour means values of some selected meteorological elements between the stations analysed and also to determine the influence of atmospheric circulation on their distribution. Meteorological data collected at the Polar Station of the Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Hornsund and the Calypsobyen Station of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin wasere used for the present research. The present studies showed that air temperature in Calypsobyen is on average 0.6°C higher than in Hornsund. Calypsobyen is warmer than Hornsund fromat almost all circulation directions. Hornsund is warmer only in the case of the NW direction. The highest levels of temperature differences (> 1°C) occur from theat S and SW directions. Calypsobyen was 0.3°C colder than Hornsund only in the case of the NWc type. Regarding the average total cloud coveriness of the sky [0-10], the difference between the two stations analysed was as small as 0.1. This results from thea high total cloud coveriness of the sky during summer. No differences were found in the case of medium wind velocity levels similarly as was in the case for the of cloud coveriness. The a mean difference forro this parameter was 0.1 m/s. The location of the station, as well as the orographic reletions in its surroundings, exerts a significant influence on the difference in thetiation of wind velocities in relation to the directions of the circulation directions. The total - taken ever twenty-four hour sums - of the atmospheric precipitation levels as an averaged with to the circulation directions in Hornsund were on average 0.8 mm higher than for in Calypsobyen. Precipitation levels were higher in Calypsobyen only from theat N and E directions and in the situation of a weather wedge over Spitsbergen (Ka), however, even then the values of these differences were small (0.1-0.2 mm). Analysis of the data analysis pointed to the significance of the direction of the circulation direction and its influence on the value of differences between the meteorological elements selected. In some cases (i.e. wind velocity, precipitation level) local factors - and including orographic relations and the location of the measuring site - are decisive.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 183-188
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura bilansu promieniowania słonecznego w Ny-Alesund (NW Spitsbergen) w latach 1989-2003
Structure of solar radiation balance in Ny-Alesund (NW Spitsbergen) in the period 1989-2003
Autorzy:
Budzik, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260647.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
promieniowanie słoneczne
Spitsbergen
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
solar radiation
atmospheric circulation
Opis:
This case describes structure of solar radiation balance in Ny-?lesund, Spitsbergen, basing on twenty-four-hour?s magnitudes in 1989-2003. We put to the analysis each radiation streams: shortwave and longwave. Basing on it one year?s and monthly balances were estimated: (K*, L*, Q*). The radiation data used in this article are derieved from: Norsk Polarinsitutt in Oslo: Hisdal, Finnekasa and Vinje (1992) and Hisdal and Finnekasa (1996); 'The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research': Koenig-Langlo and Marx (1997). The data of clouds from Ny-Alesund are derieved from: Climatolology Division, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway. In 1989-2003 period - annual radiation balance Q* in whole spectrum was oscillating from - 71 MJ/m2 to 194 MJ/m2, average Q* was 57 MJ/m2. Highest values of Q* in year are recorded on June, July - average - 210-260 MJ/m2, lowest on polar night period -October-February (-87 MJ/m2 to -100 MJ/m2). Short-wave radiation balance K* was depending on sun level, sculpture of the earth?s surface and cloudiness modify amount of downward sun energy. Yearly balance sums of short-wave radiation K* was oscillating from 931 MJ/m2 to 1438 MJ/m2, average -1178 MJ/m2. Yearly course of stream K and balance K* shows maximum from April to August and zero values in November-February period. Analyzing many year?s estimation -highest yearly sum of K stream - 2634 MJ/m2 - was recorded on 1993 and lowest - 2157 MJ/m2 on 1990, average of sums in this period was - 2402 MJ/m2. Average yearly balance of L* was 1120 MJ/m2 on 1989-2003 period. Annual balance sums were oscillating from -936 MJ/m2 to -1265 MJ/m2.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 189-197
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyrkulacyjne uwarunkowania występowania typów pogody w Hornsundzie w latach 1991-2000
Circulation reasons of teather types frequency in Hornsundin the period 1991-2000
Autorzy:
Malik, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
klimatologia kompleksowa
Spitsbergen
Hornsund
elementy meteorologiczne
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
complex climatology
meteorological elements
atmospheric circulation
Opis:
Omówiono zależności elementów meteorologicznych od cyrkulacji atmosferycznej w ujęciu klimatologii kompleksowej. Do tego celu wykorzystano dane z Polskiej Stacji Polarnej w Hornsundzie z lat 1991-2000 oraz uproszczony kalendarz typów cyrkulacji dla Spitsbergenu. Najczęściej występujące cyklonalne masy powietrza ze wschodu i południowego wschodu odpowiadały za najwyższą frekwencję dni ciepłych z silnym wiatrem i opadem. Wpływ oceanu przejawiał się znacznymi frekwencjami pogód ciepłych z wysoką wilgotnością i opadem przy cyrkulacji cyklonalnej z południa i południowego zachodu.
This paper describes influence of air masses advection on meteorological elements in Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen) from 1991 to 2000. Air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and precipitation occurrence were considered. First three variables were classified as a system of three classes. First class consists of elements below 25% percentile (under normal), third contains values above 75% percentile (above normal). Second class contains values between first and third threshold values (normal). Precipitation was classified using two-class system which describes if it occurs or not. All statistics are presented for three periods. First for all, for year term, next for polar day (24th April to 18th September) and in the end for polar night (31st October to 11th February). Reduced classification of circulation types by Niedźwiedź (2004) was used as a circulation index. Warm days (3WFR) with strong wind (T3FR) and precipitation occurrence (TWF1) exhibited the highest frequency in cyclonic E+SE situation for whole year period. High humidity (TW3R) dominated with cyclonic circulation from S+SW. Cold weather (1WFR) with low humidity (TW1R) was characteristic for N+NE advection, both cyclonic and anticyclonic. Central high situation (Ca+Ka) and also cyclonic advection from N+NE were typical for days with weak wind (T1FR) and no precipitation (TWF0). During polar day warm days (3WFR) had the highest occurrence in cyclonic advection from E+SE and S+SW. The highest frequency of strong wind days was noted with advection from E+SE, in both kind of air masses. High humidity (TW3R) weather was formed under the influence of cyclonic oceanic air masses from S+SW. Precipitation occurrence (TWF1) was mostly connected with situation Cc+Bc but in S+SWc situation accounted for almost 100% days. Cold days (1WFR) with weak wind (T1FR), low humidity (TW1R) and without precipitation were characteristic for situation with the highest frequency during polar day (Ca+Ka). During polar night warm days (3WFR) with high humidity (TW3R) had the highest frequency in cyclonic S+SW advection. Situation E+SEc was typical for days with strong wind (T3FR) and precipitation (TWF1). There weren't any days without precipitation occurrence at S+SWc advection. Cold days (1WFR) with weak wind (T1FR), low humidity (TW1R) and without precipitation were determined with the lowest frequency by cyclonic advection from N+NE.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2005, 15; 91-102
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekstremalne wartości klimatycznych bilansów wodnych we Wrocławiu-Swojcu
Extreme values of climatic water balances in Wrocław-Swojec
Autorzy:
Bryś, K.
Bryś, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/337707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
klimatyczne bilanse wodne
opady
parowanie wskaźnikowe
wartości ekstremalne
atmospheric circulation
climatic water balance
extreme values
precipitation
reference evaporation
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono dynamikę i uwarunkowania cyrkulacyjne oraz radiacyjne ekstremalnych wartości klimatycznych bilansów wodnych we Wrocławiu-Swojcu w latach 1891-2003. Rozpatruje się w niej sumy miesięczne oraz sekwencje 2-, 3-, 4-, 6- i 12-miesięczne badanych ekstremów i uzupełnia je analizą przebiegów 2-, 3-, 7-, 11-letnich i innych sum konsekutywnych. Koncentrując się na wartościach klimatycznych bilansów wodnych z sezonu wegetacyjnego, wiąże się je z bilansami wodnymi okresów poprzedzających, uwypuklając moderującą rolę jesienno-zimowych oraz wczesnowiosennych zapasów wody gruntowej w ukształtowaniu letnich stosunków wodnych w agroekosystemach. Uzyskane wyniki świadczą o falowym przebiegu długookresowej dynamiki ekstremów. Wyróżnia się tendencja do grupowania wartości ekstremalnych w pewnych dekadach lat i braku ich występowania w pozostałych okresach. Taki charakter zmian jest silnie związany z przemiennością epok Oscylacji Północnoatlantyckiej (NAO) i prawdopodobnie sekularnym rytmem aktywności słonecznej. W wyniku analizy wieloletniej zmienności ekstremów klimatycznych bilansów wodnych, czyli różnicy między opadem normalnym i parowaniem wskaźnikowym oraz ich uwarunkowań, uzyskano możliwość lepszego rozpoznania problematyki suszy i lat nadmiernie wilgotnych w skali regionalnej.
The paper presents the dynamics, circulation and radiation conditions of climatic water balances KWB in Wrocław-Swojec in the years 1891-2003. Monthly sums and the 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 12-months sequences of extremes have been analyzed. Also, 2-, 3-, 7-, 11-years and other consecutive sums of the parameters have been studied. Climatic water balances of the vegetation season have been coupled with those in preceding periods, especially in the autumn and winter-early spring months, to underline the importance of ground water resources for the summer water regime in agroecosystems. The results demonstrated fluctuating character of the long-term dynamics of the extremes. There was a tendency of concentrating the anomalies in certain decades and their lack in others. The character of variations was strongly associated with changes of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) epochs and probably with the secular rhythm of solar activity. Analyses of the long-term variability of the extremes in climatic water balances (the difference between precipitation P and reference evaporation Eo) and their determinants allowed for better understanding the problems of droughts and extremely wet years in the regional scale.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2005, 5, 2; 11-29
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niedosyt fizjologiczny w Arktyce Norweskiej wokresie 1971-2000
Physiological deficit in the Norwegian Arctic in the period 1971-2000
Autorzy:
Araźny, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260856.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Arktyka Norweska
bioklimat
niedosyt fizjologiczny
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
Norwegian Arctic
bioclimate
physiological deficit
atmospheric circulation
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono rozkład przestrzenny zmian niedosytu fizjologicznego w Arktyce Norweskiej w okresie 1971-2000. W badaniach zmienności niedosytu fizjologicznego wykorzystano dane ze stacji: Ny-Alesund, Svalbard Airport, Hornsund, Hopen, Bjornoya i Jan Mayen. Wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej na przebieg niedosytu fizjologicznego przeanalizowano wykorzystując katalog typów oraz wskaźniki cyrkulacji Niedźwiedzia (2001, 2002) dla Spitsbergenu.
The paper presents the results of the study of the physiological deficit (D) in the Norwegian Arctic in the period 1971-2000. The values of physiological deficit are indices of evaporation from the lungs and upper respiratory tract of man. The analysis of the physiological deficit in the Norwegian Arctic showed a high value of evaporation from the lungs an upper respiratory tract of man over the whole study area (Tab. 1, Fig. 1-3). During the year the occurrence of 'dry' feeling was noted from 89% of the days at Bjornoya to 98% of the days at Hopen. 'Comfortable' feeling occurred only in summer and sporadically in autumn (Tab. 2). The negative trends of the mean annual and seasonal physiological deficit values are mostly statistically significant (Tab. 3). This means that during the period studied the water evaporation from the upper respiratory track of man decreased significantly in this part of the Arctic (Fig. 4). The highest value of water evaporation from the upper respiratory track was found in the winter season with air advection from the north-eastern sector, independently from the baric system type. The most favourable sense of humidity according to the analysed coefficient physiological deficit was noted in summer with air advection from the southern sector, in case of cyclonic as well as anticyclonic situation (Fig. 5).
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2005, 15; 133-141
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przebieg roczny ciśnienia atmosferycznego na Antarktydzie
Annual course of the atmospheric pressure on the Antarctic
Autorzy:
Kejna, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
ciśnienie atmosferyczne
Antarktyda
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
Antarctic
atmospheric pressure
atmospheric circulation
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono zmienność przestrzenną przebiegu rocznego ciśnienia atmosferycznego na Antarktydzie. Stwierdzono dwa typy przebiegów rocznych ciśnienia. Na wybrzeżu występuje przebieg charaktery-zujący się półroczną oscylacją, z maksymalnymi wartościami w sezonie letnim i zimowym oraz najniższymi w przejścio-wych porach roku. We wnętrzu kontynentu najwyższe ciśnienie występuje latem, a najniższe w chłodnej połowie roku. Największe amplitudy roczne ciśnienia występują we wnętrzu kontynentu. W ostatnich dwóch dekadach XX wieku zaznaczyły się istotne zmiany w przebiegu rocznym ciśnienia atmosferycznego.
At the polar latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere a circulation cell functions which is connected with the strong baric wedge feature of the atmosphere occurring between the Antarctic anticyclone and a very deep circumpolar trough by the Antarctic coastline. The circulation system in the Antarctic region shows seasonal variability called Southern Annular Mode (SAM). In the cold season the tropospheric exchange of air masses strengthens due to the increase of the katabatic winds? speed. The relocation of air masses from over Antarctica to its peripheries has an influence on the annual course of the atmospheric pressure. In the elaboration mean monthly air pressure values were taken into account from 106 Antarctic stations from the beginning of measurements to 2000. On the basis of these data the mean annual course of the atmospheric pressure has been counted as well as the yearly pressure range. Annual courses from two periods: 1958-1980 and 1981-2000 were also compared. Over the Antarctic the annual course of the atmospheric pressure is complex. At the costal part of the continent there are two maxima (in summer and in winter) and two minima in the transient seasons. This course is called semi-annual oscillation (SAO) in the literature. However this phenomenon shows certain regional specifics. On the Antarctic Peninsula and South Orkney Islands the winter maximum is more distinct, while minima are shifted to February and November. In the inland the winter maximum decreases with the distance from the coast and at stations situated in the highest parts of the glacial plateau the highest pressure values occur in summer and distinctly lower ones in winter. At some inland stations a slight increase of the pressure can be observed in the middle of winter what refers to the thermal coreless winters occurring frequently in this region. The annual range of the atmospheric pressure decreases from the coast (15-7 hPa) to the interior of the continent, where it reaches values above 20 hPa. During the last two decades of the 20th century significant changes took place in the annual courses of the pressure in comparison to the years 1958-1980. On the South Orkney Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula the pressure increased in summer and in autumn, while in winter distinctly decreased. At the remaining part of the Antarctic coast pressure decrease occurred in every seasons, and in the Weddell Sea region the autumn and spring minimum significantly deepened. At the majority of the stations the annual amplitudes of the atmospheric pressure decreased after 1980. These changes contributed to the disturbances in the functioning of the Antarctic climate system. On the Antarctic Peninsula the air temperature increased, while at many stations in the Eastern Antarctic considerable cooling occurred.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2005, 15; 7-16
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fale ciepła i chłodu w środkowej Polsce na przykładzie Łodzi
Waves of warmth and coldness in Central Poland on the example of Łódź
Autorzy:
Wibig, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945283.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
temperatura dobowa
fala ciepła
fala chłodu
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
ekstremum termiczne
Opis:
The aim of this work is to analyze the waves of warmth and coldness in central part of Poland basing on a daily maximum and minimum temperature in Łódź between 1931 and 2006. Warm and cold periods were distinguished following daily maximum temperature course (warm and cold days) and daily minimum temperature course (warm and cold nights). A particular day was involved in warm (cold) period, if its daily temperature was higher (lower) than average +1.28 (-l.28) of standard deviation within this calendar day. The value of l.28 was chosen because it counterparts percentile of 90% (10%) if we assume that temperature distribution is normal. The trends of seasonal and annual changeability of the number of cold and warm days and nights as well as maximum length of warm and cold waves were estimated by Sen's method. The most frequently observed were the short waves, such as one- or two days long (Fig. 3 and 9). The average of day numbers, within at least three day-long waves and an their average lasting time of the longest waves had distinct annual cycle with its maximum in summer and minimum in winter. However, the absolute maxima of the waves lengths fell on winter half-year. The longest waves were 18 and 17 days. For comparison, the lengths of the warm and cold nights periods were significantly shorter and were about II and 14 days. The longest cold waves were slightly longer than equivalent waves of warmth. The following years: 1962, 1989, 1992, 1994, 2000, 2002 and 2006 are the years of particularly long warm periods or years of a great number of warm days, and are grouped in last 20 years of analyzed series with the exception of 1962, which represents series center. On the other hand, the years, during which cold waves were exceptionally long or those, which were characterized by a great number of cold days and nights (1954, 1956, 1963, 1979, 1996) were gathered during first 30s of the analyzed period. In spite of this, only some of studied series have statistically significant trend. Lasting time of the longest wave of warmth increased significantly in winter (0.28 of the day per ID years), while the number of waves of warmth grew in summer (0.33 of the day per ID years) and during the whole year (1.79 of the day per ID years). If it is about warm nights, the lasting time of the longest wave increased significantly in winter (0.17 of the day per 10 years) and in autumn (0.20 of the day per 10 years), while the number of the days increased significantly in summer (0.36 of the day per 10 years) and within the whole year (1.61 of the day per 10 years). The length of the longest wave of cold days significantly decreased in winter (0.18 of the day per ID years) and the number of cold days in a year decreased in 0.87 of the day per 10 years. In case of cold nights the lasting time of the longest wave shortened in winter (0.17 of the day per 20 years) and during the whole year (0.2 of the day per 10 years), while the number of cold nights in the year decreased in 1.43 days per 10 years and 0.43 of the day per ID years in spring. The influence of the atmospheric circulation either in macroscale or mesoscale on frequency and intensity of extreme thermal events in Poland is visible only in winter, however it explains no more than 25% of their changeability. Better results are obtained by composite method, which allows to single out such synoptic situations, which favor maintaining strong positive and negative thermal anomalies. Thermal conditions of central Poland primarily depend on baric centers, which centers locate in country's proximity (Fig. 14-17). The correlations between number of days during periods of warm days and nights, and maximum length of waves and northern hemisphere's temperature are positive and statistically significant for all seasons except summer (fable 6). Nonetheless, no more than 25% of the changes might be the direct results of big-scale temperature changes, the rest is influenced by regional or even local factors. The correlations between number of days during periods of cold days and nights and maximum length of waves and northern hemisphere's temperature are negative and statistically insignificant.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica; 2008, 8
1427-9711
2353-6063
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Próba wydzielenia sezonów cyrkulacyjnych nad Europą Srodkową
An attempt of distribution of circulation seasons over Central Europe
Autorzy:
Nowosad, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11203135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Tematy:
sezony cyrkulacyjne
Europa Srodkowa
analiza skupien
zmiennosc
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura; 2007, 62, 1; 57-67
0365-1118
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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