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Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
Tytuł:
Czynniki zagrożenia w ginekologii onkologicznej
Risk factors in gynaecological oncology
Autorzy:
Zdziennicki, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Medical Communications
Tematy:
cumulative risk
multifactorial disease
oncological gynaecology
prophylaxis
risk factor
Opis:
The paper presents a general overview of risk factors in gynaecological oncology based on a review of recent literature, highlighting their role in preventive medicine. Since mid-twentieth century the role of risk factors is being increasingly appreciated, particularly those directly associated with the risk of developing certain diseases, including female genital malignancies. Several risk factors have been defined, e.g. genetic, biologic, socioeconomic, cultural, geographic, iatrogenic and environmental and their list is ever increasing. This has made possible the definition of high-risk groups of women, who require close medical monitoring in order to detect neoplastic disease at an earliest possible stage. Risk factors usually precede the process of carcinogenesis, although both may be synchronous. Risk factors have various prognostic values: one risk factor may be present in several different neoplasms and several different risk factors may be associated with a single tumour. A frequent phenomenon is oncological synergy. Most female genital neoplasms are multifactorial diseases.
Opierając się na przeglądzie piśmiennictwa ostatnich lat, przedstawiono ogólne wiadomości o czynnikach zagrożenia w ginekologii onkologicznej, podkreślając ich znaczącą rolę w medycynie zapobiegawczej. Począwszy od lat 50. XX w., przywiązywano dużą wagę do czynników ryzyka wskazujących na możliwość wystąpienia zagrożenia powstania choroby, w tym również nowotworów narządów płciowych u kobiet. Wykryto wiele czynników zagrożenia począwszy od genetycznych, poprzez biologiczne, socjoekonomiczne, kulturowe, geograficzne, jatrogenne, a skończuwszy na środowiskowych i lista ta jest ciągle uzupełniana. Dało to podstawy do wyodrębnienia spośród populacji kobiet grup podwyższonego ryzyka wymagających wzmożonej kontroli medycznej, co z kolei pozwalało na wykrycie choroby nowotworowej we wczesnym etapie jej rozwoju. Czynniki zagrożenia na ogół poprzedzają proces kancerogenezy, choć mogą też w nim uczestniczyć. Przedstawiają one różną wartość kliniczną: jeden czynnik zagrożenia może występować w wielu nowotworach, a wiele czynników - w jednej chorobie nowotworowej; często występuje synergizm onkologiczny. Większość nowotworów narządów płciowych to tzw. „choroby wieloczynnikowe”.
Źródło:
Ginekologia Onkologiczna; 2007, 5, 3; 119-124
1731-5379
Pojawia się w:
Ginekologia Onkologiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From expected utility theory to prospect theory: tracking down the experimental path after forty years
Autorzy:
Kalinowski, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1181934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
economic decisions under risk
expected utility theory
cumulative prospect theory
experimental economics
Opis:
The expected utility theory axioms have been studied experimentally. Three of the experiments are a repetition of an earlier test in slightly changed circumstances, while the other two are original. The participants were incentivised with rewards, which did not happen in the replicated tests. The results confirmed the degeneration of the expected utility theory as a scientific research program. The evidence that resulted from the tests supported the hypothesis on the cumulative prospect theory predicting facts not forecasted by the EUT.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2020, 30, 4; 39-56
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Musculoskeletal disorders and perception of working conditions: A survey of Brazilian dentists in São Paulo
Autorzy:
Ísper Garbin, Artênio J.
Barreto Soares, Gabriella
Moreira Arcieri, Renato
Adas Saliba Garbin, Cléa
Siqueira, Carlos E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-05-08
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
Disability
occupational health
dentists
musculoskeletal disorders
risk factors
cumulative trauma disorders
Opis:
Objectives To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders amongst dentists who work in public clinics in São Paulo, Brazil, to investigate their awareness of the presence of risk factors in the workplace, disability due to pain, and the influence of pain on this awareness and disability. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 204 dentists who work in public health clinics in the northwest of São Paulo, Brazil. The data was collected through interviews, using the Nordic Questionnaire and the Work-Related Activities that May Contribute to Job-Related Pain Questionnaire. In the case of workers who reported pain, the Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) and the Numeric Pain Scale were also administered. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0. Results Most dentists (81.4%) had musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the neck, shoulders and lower back. We found that the presence of symptoms in the neck (15.7%), shoulders (12.7%) and lower back (15.7%) were the major causes of absenteeism over the past 12 months. Occupational risk factors perceived as the most problematic ones were: bending or twisting the back in an awkward way, continuing to work when injured or hurt and working in the same position for long periods. Comparison between the symptomatic and asymptomatic dentists showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the perception of occupational risk factors. The analysis of the intensity of pain and disability with PDQ in the symptomatic dentists showed an average pain intensity of 3.8. Mean scores of the PDQ total (11.46) and its dimensions – functional condition (7.1) and psychosocial condition (4.4) – suggest a moderate disability in the dental surgeons. There was a strong t correlation (r = 0.697) between pain intensity and the total score of disability caused by pain. Conclusions Pain and work-related musculoskeletal disorders interfere significantly with the dentists’ lives. In the case of dental surgeons there is a significant correlation between pain intensity and disability. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(3):367–377
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2017, 30, 3; 367-377
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of gender on routes for registered unemployment exit in Poland
Autorzy:
Bieszk-Stolorz, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446634.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
competing risk
cumulative incidence function
the Lunn-McNeil model
unemployment
gender
Opis:
Research background: Numerous studies show that men's and women's situation on the labour market differs. Women's disadvantageous position on the labour market in Poland has been confirmed by statistical data (Kobiety..., 2016). The most common reasons for de-registration from the employment office are finding a job and deleting from the records due to an unjustified refusal to accept an offer by an unemployed person. Additionally, registered unemployed people can for example: retire, apply for invalidity pension, receive early retirement benefits or start full time studies. The above causes are regarded as competing risks of various kinds. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to assess the effect of the unemployed individual's gender on the probability and intensity of de-registering from the labour office lists due to finding a job, de-registering or other causes. Methods: In the study the survival analysis methods were used. The assessment of the probability of de-registration due to a specific cause was made by means of the cumulative incidence function. The intensity of de-registration was tested with the Lunn-McNeil model. Differences in the effect of gender on the de-registration possibility were tested with the use of Gray's test. The study was based on individual data of people registered by the Labour Office in Szczecin. Findings & Value added: Among women, job-finding was the most common cause of de-registration, followed by the removal from the register. In the case of men the order was reversed, the most probable de-registration cause was the removal, followed by job-finding. The remaining causes were of marginal significance, both for men and women. Women took up a job more intensively than men and were less intensively removed from the register. The differences between males and females in the intensities of de-registering due to the remaining causes were not statistically relevant.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2017, 12, 4; 733-749
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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