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Tytuł:
The role of institutions in shaping state competitiveness: the evidence from the European countries
Autorzy:
Struk, Oleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20434555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
competitiveness
cross-country analysis
Europe
governance
institutions
Opis:
The article aims to define the role of institutions in shaping competitiveness in certain European states. The research problem to be addressed through this study is to what extent does the level of competitiveness in world economy depends on Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) in particular countries. The study was conducted using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods of data analysis. A cross-country comparative analysis, based on data from 32 European states in 2021, revealed that the level of competitiveness is determined by institutional environment. The higher the WGI percentile ranks, the better place in the World Competitiveness Ranking. The results of the study enabled to fully confirm the 1st hypothesis, i.e. the institutional governance quality and control of corruption have a noticeably positive impact on competitiveness. It was revealed that the 2nd hypothesis could not be confirmed because of statistical insignificance, i.e. countries with political stability, absence of violence/terrorism and quality of law are typically more competitive among world economies. Meanwhile, the 3rd one was partially confirmed, i.e. the quality of regulations leads to higher competitiveness of economies, while freedom of expression, free media and ability to participate in national elections have not a significant impact on competitiveness.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2023, 25; 145-162
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of 3 months workout on cardiovascular capacity of a female amateur cross country skier. Case study
Autorzy:
Grzebisz, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
amateur
cardiovascular capacity
cross-country skiing
oxygen uptake
Opis:
The efficiency in cross-country skiing commit considerable physiological challenges posed by the combined upper- and lower-body effort of varying intensity and duration. Extremely important for the effectiveness of the work is the ability to draw energy from the processes of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism maintenance work as low as possible during prolonged exercise. The workout should increase maximal aerobic power and the metabolic potential of the muscles. High-intensity exercise is the most important to initiate this change, while low- and moderate-intensity effort allow appropriate muscle adaptation. Monitoring and evaluation of these physiological changes is mandatory in the process of training, in amateur cross-country skier too. Amateur marathons are becoming increasingly popular. This has been an impulse for analyzing the results obtained by the amateur athlete during the preparatory period. The purpose of this retrospective case study was to describe changes in cardiovascular capacity for three months period of an amateur cross-country skier (age = 39, BMI = 20,9). This study based on analysis of source materials, obtained from conducted individually by the athlete registration process of training, the results from test to refuse and the results of measurements of body composition performed in the laboratory functional studies for three months period (preparation period). The results show inter alia increase in maximal oxygen uptake, lactate threshold shift towards higher loads and decrease body weight. This parameter was significantly lower than the performance in highly qualified competitors, but individual changes between the first measurement and the second one was similar. This review summarizes research on amateur cross-country skier. We have the chance to improve our understanding of the impact of various exercises on the human body by analyzing the results from workout monitoring of endurance athletes.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 78; 365-375
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of endurance exercise on the cardiovascular capacity of a male amateur cross country skier. Pilot study
Autorzy:
Grzebisz, Natalia
Piejko, Laura
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1162860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
cardiovascular capacity
cross-country skiing amateur
marathons
performance
Opis:
The purpose of physical training is to achieve the maximum capacity of the body. These changes are caused by numerous adaptive mechanisms taking place in the circulatory-respiratory, muscular, nervous, hormonal, and immunological systems, as well as in the mass and composition of the body. They are most visible in athletes of endurance disciplines such as cross-country skiing, skiing, long-distance running, roller skiing, triathlon or cycling. These disciplines are characterized by long-term effort and the highest intensity. This applies to both athletes and amateurs. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of physical activity during the period of main preparations on the circulatory and respiratory parameters of amateurs practicing cross-country skiing. This study was a pilot, and show the results of the assessment of the case. The purpose of this retrospective case study was to describe changes in cardiovascular endurance within three months of a male amateur cross country skier. This study was based on the analysis of training registration, ergospirometry test (treadmill test) results and body composition measurements. The results showed an increase in maximum oxygen uptake, a shift of the lactate threshold towards higher loads and a reduction in body weight. This parameter was lower than the performance of highly qualified competitors, but the individual changes between the first measurement and the second were similar. Monitoring and evaluation of these changes are mandatory in the training process, also in amateur sport. It helps to counteract states of fatigue, overtraining and designing pro-health training loads. In addition, they can provide protection for the health of those who make the marathon and ultra- marathon efforts. The popularity of ski marathons is growing. Assessment of participants' exercise capacity can be used to plan training and comparison with professionals.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 110; 72-83
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
20 years of NAFTA – trends in trade and the economic effects
Autorzy:
Kowalik, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569912.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
NAFTA
economic integration
trade effects
cross-country comparative studies
Opis:
This year marks the twentieth anniversary of the largest economic grouping in history, both in terms of surface area and the generated GDP – the North American Free Trade Agreement – NAFTA. The grouping was established on 1 January 1994, with the objective of gradually doing away with the existing tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Its objectives and effects have long been under careful examination and subject to many analyses. Prognoses varied, from potentially significant benefits to anticipated losses, particularly for US economy. The paper is an attempt at presenting the twenty years of NAFTA operation, predominantly from the viewpoint of its impact on the trilateral trade exchange, unemployment, inflation, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of its member states. The analyses suggest that NAFTA has proved its effectiveness in generating trade revenues for all its members, most notably for Mexico. However, its effects on individual income and employment were found to be marginal or, at best, moderate.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 4(4); 46-63
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cross-country Differences in Reporting Practices – the Case of Provisions for Liabilities
Autorzy:
Klimczak, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
financial reporting
liabilities
provisions
cross-country differences
reporting practices
Źródło:
Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe; 2017, 3; 20-33
2450-7814
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cross country flights examinednumerically
Przeloty termiczne szybowców analizowane numerycznie
Autorzy:
Laudański, L. M.
Bober, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/213519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
przeloty termiczne szybowców
analiza numeryczna
cross country flights
examined numerically
Opis:
Three classes of probabilistic models to simulate trajectories of stochastic cross-country flights of gliders are examined. The first examines random distances between thermals, while the second assumes random intensities of the thermals. The master model considers simultaneously randomnesses with an allowance for skipping weak thermals. The discussion includes three tactics in the game against Nature: maximize probability or velocity and minimize the number of thermals. The paper complements analytically and numerically the known results of the first two models, but mainly focuses on new results employing the third model. The presented analyses is restrained to the crosscountry flights using tactics suitable for the weak thermal conditions and medium performance gliders which have to perform turning flight in thermals.
W pracy rozważa się trzy modele symulowania trajektorii stochastycznej wersji przelotów termicznych szybowców. Pierwszy model zakłada losowe odległości między kominowe, zaś drugi losowe wartości noszeń w kominach. W trzecim modelu obie te losowości występują równocześnie, a ponadto istnieje możliwość ignorowania słabych noszeń. Dyskusja obejmuje trzy rodzaje taktyk w tak zwanej grze z Naturą: maksymalizowanie szans dolotu i prędkości przelotowej oraz minimalizowanie liczby kominów niezbędnych do realizacji przelotu. W pracy znajdują się wyniki uzupełniające znane wyniki literaturowe pierwszych dwu modeli, ale jej główny cel koncentruje się na analizie trzeciego modelu. Przedstawiona analiza jest ograniczona do słabych warunków termicznych oraz średniej klasy szybowców, takich które muszą nabierać wysokości w kominach termicznych drogą krążenia.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa; 2005, 4 (183); 50-60
0509-6669
2300-5408
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Body Composition and Performance in Cross Country Skiing
Autorzy:
Grzebisz, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
cross-country skiing; parameters such cardiovascular; body composition; acidification; supplementation
Opis:
The aim of the study is to demonstrate the relationship between volume and intensity of work that the cross country ski during the macrocycle training and supplementation, and changes in body composition. This work is based on analysis of source materials, obtained from conducted individually by the athlete registration process of training, maximal exercise test results and the results of measurements of body composition performed in the laboratory functional studies. The highest results in terms of oxygen uptake test obtained during the second measurement. VO2 max reached the 3.2 l / min and 54 mL / kg / min VO2 on the threshold LT 49 ml / kg / min,% VO2 max on the threshold LT - 90.7. The maximum values of blood lactate level in the course of further tests were progressive 8.4 mmol / l 4.33 mmol / l and 9.39 mmol / l. The fat within the macrocycle decreased by 2.6% (1.8 kg). The lowest value was recorded adipose tissue after a period of preparation of the main (measurement of 22/08/2013) and amounted to 8.2% (4.8 kg). The effect of endurance training in an increase of the ceiling of oxygen and lactate threshold shift towards higher loads. Has reduced the level of adipose tissue, which may be the result of physical exertion, but carried supplementation based on building lean body mass at the expense of body fat. This is a translation of my authorship the original source, which was publicated in an edition of the Scientific Publishing Sophia in 2015 . It aims to increase the accessibility of the text.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 45, 2; 342-354
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Education on Occupational Position in European Countries: 2002–2016
Autorzy:
Domański, Henryk
Przybysz, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22792645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-21
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
over-education
returns from education
flexibility of jobs
cross-country differences
Opis:
This study revisits the question of whether the effect of education on occupational position declines in affluent societies. Based on the European Social Survey datasets 2002–2016 we investigate, first, to what extent this relationship really declines. Second, we examine the effect of education and occupational position in cross-national settings, which have their own history and specific labor-market organization. Third, we test the hypothesis that the connection between education and occupational position for women has been stronger as compared to men. Using log-linear models we find scarce support for the prediction of a long-term decline in the market value of educational levels. As regards country-specific settings, the study shows that education had a higher impact on occupational position in Eastern and Mediterranean countries and especially appeared to have a lower impact in countries with liberal regimes. Our analyses demonstrate a consistently higher effect of education on occupational position among women.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2022, 218, 2; 225-246
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From intention to action: Understanding bank credit access through the lens of the theory of planned behavior
Autorzy:
Civelek, Mehmet
Ključnikova, Jana
Kloudová, Jitka
Veselá, Zuzana
Ključnikov, Aleksandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/39988816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
financial management
bank credit
Theory of Planned Behavior
entrepreneurship
cross-country analysis
Opis:
Research background: Bank credit access plays a determining role in enterprises’ financial growth, competitiveness, and internationalization. However, most entrepreneurs are afraid of being rejected from their credit applications due to financial disadvantages that reduce their probability of receiving credits. To minimize credit access concerns, their entrepreneurial behaviors that are included in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), such as personal attitude (PA), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and subjective norm (SN), might be a good solution. However, depending on cultural differences, their attitudes regarding these factors might change, which also causes changes in firms’ probability of receiving credit. Purpose of the article: This research aims to examine whether the impact of PA, PBC, and SN on credit access of enterprises differ depending on the countries where they do their business. Methods: The researchers investigate 1367 enterprises from different countries. These firms are selected using a purposive sampling method, and then an online questionnaire is sent to the survey respondents. Binary Logistic Regression analyses are performed for analysis purposes. Findings & value added: The results indicate that while the impact of PA on bank credit access does not differ depending on the countries where firms are located, international differences exist in the impacts of PBC and SN on the credit access of enterprises. This paper finds international differences in the impact of RBV’s intangible assets (PA, PBC, SN) on a tangible asset of RBV (financial capability) and explains these results with the factors (economic, political, legal systems) included in Institution-based View, and brings all components of both theories RBV and Institution-based View in a unique research. Financial and educational support from governments and universities for fresh graduate individuals can stimulate entrepreneurial attitudes and financing abilities of prospective entrepreneurs to overcome credit access obstacles.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2024, 15, 2; 683-715
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors Affecting the Development of Voluntary Pension Schemes in CEE Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
Autorzy:
Marcinkiewicz, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1357416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
CEE countries
pension system
third pillar
voluntary pensions
panel regression
cross-country analyses
Opis:
The study provides some quantitative information on voluntary pension plans in 10 CEE countries obtained from various local sources. The comparative analysis shows that there is a considerable variation in this group in terms of participation and contributions to the voluntary pension plans. In addition, this study empirically examines several factors that can possibly affect the development of voluntary pensions: income per capita and poverty rate, income inequality, replacement rate from the pension system, education attainment, interest rate and demographic burden. It uses a panel regression framework for the period of 2006–2014. The results reveal that, in the case of participation in voluntary pension plans, only income level per capita is associated with a greater number of pension plan members. As far as contributions are concerned, education seems to be the most important determinant of additional pension savings. Other factors do not seem to explain well both of the studied variables reflecting the development of voluntary pension schemes. However, as individual fixed effects are proven to be significant in the estimated models, one could conclude that country-specific characteristics play a significant role in explaining the development of voluntary pension schemes. They can be referred to the design and parametric settings of the non-mandatory pension system.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2017, 3, 50; 26 - 40
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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