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Tytuł:
Interpretacyjna analiza fenomenologiczna jako rama teoretyczna badań nad przestępczością: uwagi metodologiczne (z przykładami badań Critical Race Theory)
Autorzy:
Peno, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788464.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-21
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
interpretacyjna analiza fenomenologiczna
Metodologia badań jakościowych
Badania przestępczości
Wywiad narracyjny
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Qualitative Research Methodology
Crime Research
Narrative Interview
Opis:
Artykuł referuje założenia stojące za ramą teoretyczną badań wyznaczaną przez interpretacyjną analizę fenomenologiczną (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, w skrócie IPA). W opracowaniu dokonano charakterystyki tej metody badawczej jako metody stosowanej w ramach strategii badań jakościowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem możliwości zastosowania IPA w badaniach nad przestępczością. W warstwie egzemplifkacyjnej omówiono pokrótce program badawczy Critical Race Theory jako nurtu w prawoznawstwie stosującego metody zbliżone do modelu IPA.W podsumowaniu z kolei zawarto przykładowe problemy, które w szczególnym stopniu można badać w odwołaniu do IPA.
The article presents the theoretical framework of research determined by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (abbreviated IPA). This research method has been characterized as a method used in qualitative research strategies. The article focuses on the possibility of using IPA in research on crime. The Critical Race Theory (CRT) research program. CRT is a research and intellectual perspective in legal sciences using methods similar to the IPA model is also briefly discussed. The summary of the article contains examples of problems that can be investigated with IPA.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2020, 27; 9-19
2084-5375
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie analizatorów czasu przelotu w kryminalistyce
Autorzy:
Ulanowska, A.
Strączyński, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/273915.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Roble
Tematy:
analizator czasu przelotu jonów
TOF
badania kryminalistyczne
chromatografia gazowa
spektrometria masowa
time-of-flight analyzer
crime research
gas chromatography
mass spectrometry
Źródło:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania; 2012, 17, 3; 37-40
1427-5619
Pojawia się w:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research into organised crime in the context of preventing and combatting the crime. A retrospective study
Autorzy:
Pływaczewski, Emil W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45439385.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-08
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
organised crime
origins of research into organised crime
Białystok School of Criminology
research projects at the Police Academy in Szczytno
conditions for effective prevention and control of organised crime
Opis:
The article presents a retrospective study of organised crime in the context of preventing and combatting the crime. The fi rst part of this article indicates the genesis of the research conducted by various academic centres, with particular emphasis on the initiatives undertaken in the 1980s by the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. In the years to follow, a leading role in this fi eld was played by the structures representing criminological sciences at the Faculty of Law in Białystok, within the Białystok School of Criminology. In the second part of the article, the author discusses the research initiatives undertaken by the Police Academy in Szczytno as regards an institutional approach to combatting organised crime. Indicated have been the most important research projects implemented by the academics of the Police Academy in Szczytno in cooperation with partners representing other academic centres and the Foundation for Organised Crime Prevention. The third part of the article deals with trends and opportunities to increase the effectiveness of preventing and fi ghting organised crime on the basis of the research conducted by the Białystok School of Criminology. In particular, the conclusions resulting from a pioneering research project carried out by Dr. Zbigniew Rau have been highlighted, which initiated coordinated research on security in Poland. To conclude, the author emphasises that the creation of a coherent and comprehensive system for preventing and combatting organised crime, based on a scientifi c analysis of this phenomenon, should be the main objective of the state authorities. Comprehensive solutions should include both material, legal, procedural and executive regulations. The role of scientifi c and academic centres is to search for and analyse the problems that accompany organised crime and the system of its prevention and control. Those may be legal, criminological, forensic, but also ethical in nature, e.g. protection of privacy, confl icts of legal goods - freedom and security, the constitutional principle of proportionality or opportunism in criminal procedings. Available technologies should therefore be analysed and assessed for their implementation, but it is the role of the authorities to introduce them and assess their suitability for the current needs of the services concerned. This should be done both in theoretical (including dogmatic) and practical terms.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 146(2); 207-218
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DEFINITION, DEFINING FEATURES AND TYPES OF ORGANIZED CRIME
Autorzy:
JOSEF, SMOLÍK,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-16
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
organized crime
security
definition
research
Opis:
This article focuses on definitions of organized crime that are available in the Czech literature and are often used in academic research. The definitions of particular authors as well as major international institutions are introduced. Subsequently there are discussed the defining features of organized crime and the most common crimes associated with organized crime. Selected typologies of this phenomenon and discussions related to the negative manifestations of organized crime are also mentioned. In terms of security issues and the security culture of individual states it can be stated that organized crime is difficult to eliminate but we can point to the increased efficiency of procedures in case of international cooperation in combating organized crime.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2016, 22; 421-441
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
74TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY ATLANTA, GA 14–17. XI. 2018
Autorzy:
M. Guzik-Makaruk, Ewa
W. Pływaczewski, Emil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933137.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-17
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
American Society of Criminology
annual meeting
criminology
scientifi c research
crime.
Opis:
The 74th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) in Atlanta gathered as many as 3681 participants (including 388 from outside of the USA) from 42 countries, of which a signifi cant proportion (1583) were students and PhD students. This confirms the global interest in this criminological forum for years. At the previous three ASC conferences, the threshold of four thousand participants was exceeded. The proceedings of the 74th ASC Conference were held in 935 sessions and 81 thematic categories. Among the new topic areas, the new themes included complicity, cybercrime, deterrence, law, mental health, sex work and human traffi cking, fear of crime, and the media. For the fi rst time in the almost 80-year history of ASC, the Polish criminological community was represented at this Conference by a record-breaking delegation from Poland of 9 persons. All Polish representatives came from the Białystok School of Criminology, as at the previous ASC conference in Philadelphia. The venue for the next 75th annual ASC Conference in November 2019 is San Francisco, and its main theme will be ‘Criminology in the New Area: Confronting Injustice and Inequalities’.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2020, 137(1); 213-222
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Through a Glass, Darkly: Representation and Power in Research on Organized Abuse
Autorzy:
Salter, Michael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-07-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Sexual Abuse
Crime Victims
Life History
Sensitive Research
Coherence
Representation
Power
Opis:
This paper draws on the author’s experience undertaking life history research with adults with histories of organized child sexual abuse. Organized abuse has been a particular flashpoint for controversy in debates over child abuse and memory, but it is also a very harmful and traumatic form of sexual violence. Research participants described how, in childhood, threats and trauma kept them silent about their abuse, but in adulthood this silence was reinforced by the invalidation that accompanied their efforts to draw attention to the harms that have befallen themselves and others. This paper will examine the role of qualitative research in addressing a form of alterity whose defining characteristic is the silencing and dismissal of narrative.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2013, 9, 3; 152-166
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crime and Criminality – Problems of Definition, the Ability to Analyze this Issue in Conceptual and Structural Terms
Przestępstwo, przestępczość – problemy definicyjne, umiejętność analizy zjawiska w zakresie pojęciowym i strukturalnym
Autorzy:
Jarczewski, Waldemar
Bogdalski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30147253.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
crime
offense
crime categories
security
statistics
studies
research
definitions
przestępczość
przestępstwo
kategorie przestępczości
bezpieczeństwo
statystyka
studia
badania
definicje
Opis:
This publication is addressed to students of security studies who attempt to define crime and describe criminogenic phenomena when working on their undergraduate or graduate theses. It is intended to help students decide which specific categories of crime to study and later describe. The main focus of the study is on specific categories of crime, including common crime, organized crime, drug-related crime, and juvenile crime. Students are presented with proposed definitions within selected criminological categories of crime as well as with suggestions on how to describe these phenomena in statistical terms. The hypothesis is that common crime remains the largest category in overall crime statistics, but it does not clearly prevail in terms of actual crime. The contents of this article are the product of the authors’ considerations, supported by many years of police experience, with reference to selected items of literature.
Niniejsza publikacja skierowana jest do studentów kierunków bezpieczeństwa, podejmujących w swoich pracach licencjackich czy magisterskich próby zdefiniowania przestępczości i opisu zjawisk kryminogennych. Ma ona ułatwić studentom podjęcie decyzji o wybraniu określonych kategorii przestępczości, które podlegać będą badaniom i późniejszemu opisowi. Głównym przedmiotem badań są określone kategorie przestępczości, między innymi kryminalna przestępczość pospolita, zorganizowana, przestępczość narkotykowa czy przestępczość nieletnich. Studentom przedstawiono propozycje definicji odnoszących się do wybranych kategorii kryminologicznych przestępczości, jak i sugestie odnoszące się do opisu zjawisk w ujęciu statystycznym. Hipoteza zakłada, że: kryminalna przestępczość pospolita jest wciąż najliczniejszą kategorią w odniesieniu do statystyk przestępczości w ogóle, jednak jej udział w przestępczości rzeczywistej nie ma już charakteru wyraźnej dominacji. Tekst publikacji przedstawia zapis rozważań własnych autorów, popartych wieloletnim doświadczeniem służby w Policji, w odniesieniu do wybranych pozycji literatury fachowej.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2023, 16; 103-115
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zjawisko prania pieniędzy jako obszar badawczy w Polsce
The Phenomenon of Money Laundering as a Field of Research in Poland
Autorzy:
Filipkowski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
pranie pieniędzy
przestępczość zorganizowana
badania
Polska
money laundering
research
Polska
organized crime
Opis:
Legalising proceeds of crime has been criminalised since 1995 in Poland when the Protection of Economic Turnover Act came in force. The trouble was that no one had an idea what it was. Few cases were investigated and most of tchem were dismissed by the court. The necessary studies became inevitable in order to measure the phenomenon. There have been two major fields of research concerning the money laundering issue: the methods of legalising proceeds of crime and building and organising anti-money laundering regime in Poland. The first issue refers to the problem of the phenomenology of money laundering. It covers studies of criminal cases in order to analyse methods used by the launderers. The experts are trying to answer several basic questions: how the proceeds of crime are being legalised, which financial and non-financial institutions are abused, how much money is being laundered. is there a method typical for Poland, etc. The second field of research covers the functioning of the anti-money laundering regime in Poland. The Polish financial intelligelce unit has been established scarcely in 2001. It is still under construction due to changes of international standards, as well as due to the improverment of existing regulations. There is some research concerning the following issues: how obliged institutions fulfil statutory obligations, how their employees are prepared to execute them, is the system efficient, etc. The author presents the results of the studies conducted so far referring to both areas. He shows a diagnosis of the Polish situation in that regard. He also suggests some new untouched areas. As the last point, the author included some case studies. They are examples of criminal cases concerning money laundering in Poland.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2006, XXVIII; 169-178
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Środowiskowo–przestrzenne uwarunkowania przestępczości. Wybrane zagadnienia współczesnej ekologii przestępczości
Environmental and Spatial Conditions of Crime. Selected Problems of Modern Ecology of Crime
Autorzy:
Kossowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698528.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
środowisko przestępczości
uwarunkowania przestępczości
ekologia przestępczości
badania kryminologiczne
kryminologia środowiskowa
conditions of crime
ecology of crime
criminological research
environmental criminology
Opis:
The modern criminologists who deal with environmental aspects of crime stress the fact that for an offence – a definite criminal act – to occur, four elements must necessarily coincide: law, perpetrator, object, and place of crime. The modern environmental criminologists are interested in the fourth of these elements, that is the spatial aspect of crime. Discussed in the paper have been the main trends of the modern study of spatial conditions of crime. Unlike the former ecologists of crime, the modern researchers are interested not only in the actual place where the offence was committed or the perpetrator resides, but also – to a much grester extent – in the social and physical features of the place of crime, in the actions that should be undertaken to reduce the “susceptibility to crime” of a given ecological unit, and in the course and consequences of the process of ecological stigmatization of a given region. On of the main trends of modern ecology of crime is analysis of the relations between functions and features of the of the separate fragments of urban space on the one hand, and the extent of crime in that area  on the other hand. The basic difference between the discussed trend and the former traditional ecological thought born in the Chicago school of criminolology consists in the  latter’s attempts at finding the causes of spatial differentiation of the extent of crime in  the combination of sociodemographic factors, architecture, and town-planning. Thus also the factors related to a town’s physical structure are taken into consideration. As has been found in many recent studies, the different crime indices found in the separate urban neighbourhoods are related to those areas’ different functions, social features, and architecture. Another interesting trend is analysis of the process of change within clearly delimited neighbourhoods. The term generally used in this connection is a neighbourhood’s “career in crime”; its sense is identical to that of “career in crime” of an individual which can be found in criminological works. According to British and American authors, changes, in a neighbourhood’s nature can be related e.g. to changing housing policy which obviously influences the shaping of definite human communities in given areas. The social situation in neighbourhoods submitted to formal housing policy is thought to be particularly entangled. This results from the nature of that policy: applied to the population characterized by pent up social problems, it usually consisted in placing large numbers of similar families in one rather small area. Thus individual problem families added up to form  agglomerations of problem groups of the population. The problem of careers in crime of housing districts is related to another important trend in the modern study of environmental conditions of urban crime: the functioning of informal social control which many consider to be as important a factor of urban crime prevention as the official control. Informal control is also thought to influence the oscial  perception of disorder in housing districts. Concerned here is accumulation in a given neighbourhood of external symptoms of social disorganization, that is all the events that might be found – by the locals and strangers alike – to manifest the breakdown of the accepted norms of behavior in urban environment. Analysed is the process of transition from such external symptoms of disorder to crime in a given neighbourhood. Two direct effects are distinguished of occurrence in a neighbourhood of noticeable symptoms of disorder, perceived by the locals as well as strangers. On such effect is the offenders’ conviction as to inefficient (formal and informal) control, in the neighbourhood, which makes criminal activity relatively safe. The other effect consists in some inhabitants’ reluctance to participate in the local life. Their withdrawal from such life results in a distinct breakdown of informal social control, and sometimes in noticeable decline of the neighbourhood which often proves irreversible. Another trend – relatively novel and no doubt characteristic of modern ecology of crime – investigates the impact of architecture of a town or district on crime found in that neighbourhood. On of the currents here, derived from the tradition of situational crime prevention, argues that the actual architecture of the housing districts and other elements of urban space can influence crime, that is facilitate or hamper offences. According to the other current, definite architecture can release deviant and criminal conduct as tenants of the popular large apartment houses feel anonymous and uncontrolled by others. Study of the ways offenders perceive towns, and of their related decisions as to commission of definite acts, is the last of the discussed trends of modern ecology of crime. The related problem here is offenders’ mobility and the distance between their place of residence and locus delicti. Offenders have been found to choose definite objects guided by their belief as to the value, visibility and accessibility of those objects, by transport facilities, and by the apparent presence or absence of supervision on part of the police or other users of the urban space.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 7-16
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ecocriminology in Poland and around the world — a balance sheet of past experience (with particular emphasis on the educational and research offer of the Police Academy in Szczytno)
Autorzy:
Pływaczewski, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-21
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
ecocriminology
research and educational offer of the Police Academy in Szczytno
economic crime in the area of the environment
counteracting environmental crime
Opis:
Ecocriminology is one of the youngest research interests in the penal sciences. It is lectured in many renowned universities around the world, and since 2019, also in the Police Academy in Szczytno. The author presents the achievements in this fi eld, indicating its practical usefulness for law enforcement agencies, in particular in identifying organised forms of economic crime. These forms include smuggling and illegal trade in protected species of fl ora and fauna (so-called CITES crimes), smuggling and illegal trade in wastes, seizure of properties of particular value to the world’s natural heritage, land, water and air pollution, corruption, etc. The study has been enriched with a research part, in which the author presents the opinions of students—police offi cers of the Police Academy—on the educational activities in ecocriminology.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2021, 2(SPECJALNY); 22-36
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lęk przed przestępczością w Warszawie w świadomości ludzi starszych i studentów
Autorzy:
Goldschneider, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-04-19
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
kryminologia
badania kryminologiczne
osoby starsze
studenci
przestępczość
criminology
criminological research
elder people
students
crime
Opis:
Zjawisko lęku przed przestępczością, a zwłaszcza jego źródeł, wobec stale pojawiających się koncepcji zmian w przepisach prawa karnego stanowiących wyraz zwiększającej się represyjności i ingerencji państwa we wszystkich dziedzinach życia społecznego, nabiera nowego znaczenia i wymaga pogłębionych analiz. Lęk przed przestępczością, w określonych sytuacjach, jest jedną z tych negatywnych emocji, które towarzyszą niemal każdemu. Poczucie bezpieczeństwa stanowi dla obywateli tak ważną potrzebę, że jego poprawa stanowi istotną część programu partii politycznych. Czy warto jednak tworzyć prawo pod silnym naciskiem wystraszonej opinii publicznej w kwestiach tak delikatnych jak walka z przestępczością. Czy lęk powinien być wykorzystywany w kampaniach wyborczych? Przecież, jak pisał Edmund Burke, krytyk Rewolucji Francuskiej, żadna namiętność nie odziera umysłu równie skutecznie ze wszystkich władz działania i myślenia co strach. Ale podstawowe pytanie nadal brzmi: czy rzeczywiście się boimy?
Źródło:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2008, 17; 6-39
2084-5375
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestępczość kobiet w Rosji
Women’s crime in Russia
Autorzy:
Laskowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835534.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-20
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo HUMANICA
Tematy:
przestępczość kobiet
badania kryminologiczne kobiet
Rosja
women’s crime
criminological research of women
Russia
Opis:
Opracowanie ma charakter kryminologiczny . Przedstawia fenomen przestępczości kobiet w Rosji od początku lat 90. XX w. do współczesności. Omawia strukturę, dynamikę i przejawy nielegalnej aktywności kobiet. Prezentuje jej społeczno-ekonomiczne, kulturowe, psychologiczne i organizacyjnoprawne przyczyny. Wskazuje sposoby przeciwdziałania zjawisku zarówno przez państwo, jak i społeczeństwo.
The paper tackles the problem of criminology . The Author presents the phenomenon of women’s crime in Russia from 1990 till today. The structure of this kind of crime and its dynamics are also introduced . In addition, the Author focuses on its socio-economic, cultural and psychological as well as legal motives. Various ways of counteracting the women’s crime by both the government and society are also presented.
Źródło:
Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych; 2021, 2(11); 159-174
2451-3539
2543-7011
Pojawia się w:
Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strach przed przestępczością mieszkańców Krakowa w latach 2014–2016 w świetle wyników badań empirycznych
An Empirical Analysis of Cracow Citizens’ Fear of Crime in 2014–2016
Autorzy:
Szafrańska, Michalina
Kabzińska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698801.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
strach przed przestępczością
poczucie bezpieczeństwa
paradoks strachu przed przestępczością
badania ilościowe
fear of crime
sense of safety
fear of crime paradox
quantitative research
Opis:
The aim of the study is to present the results of a quantitative research study entitled“Security in Cracow”, which investigated the fear of crime among the city’s citizensin the years 2014–2016. Under the Agreement for Security concluded between the Cityof Cracow and the Jagiellonian University in 2014, the survey is held two times each year.Both the Agreement and the concept of the presented research arose from the moralpanic that was visible in Cracow in the second half of 2013, following several casesof serious offences committed by football hooligans and a widely publicised homicideof a young student in September 2013.Empirical analysis of the fear of crime faces numerous theoretical and methodolo -gical problems. For the purpose of the present research, an operational definition of fearof crime was adopted, according to which fear of crime is similar to the psychologicalconstruct of attitude, comprised of three components: cognitive, affective and be -havioural. The research was additionally intended to verify the selected hypotheseson the causes of fear of crime, that is the victimisation hypothesis, the vulnerabilityhypothesis and the reduction of social control hypothesis.The research was conducted via telephone interviews (CATI, Computer AssistedTelephone Interviews) six times – in March and September 2014 (N = 1815 andN = 1770), June and September 2015 (N = 1808 and N = 1811), April and September2016 (N = 1820 and N = 1803). The sample was representative for the gender, ageand the district of the city’s residents. The questionnaire included 33 items: 13 itemson the demographic and social participants’ characteristics, and 20 concerning:a) prob lems and threats encountered in Cracow, b) the respondents’ sense of safetyin Cracow, their district of residence and the nearest surroundings, c) victimisation,the likelihood of becoming a victim to a crime, the means adopted to prevent crime,and d) the attitudes towards the services responsible for security and public order.To measure the fear of crime, an index was constructed based on the questionnaireitems referring to its three components. In the light of the results of the past six roundsof the study, the level of the citizens’ fear can be estimated as low. However, a moderatelysized group of citizens was identified whose fear of crime was at a considerable leveland who – in future research – ought to be addressed in a more qualitative manner toexplore the underlying causes of their fear.Evidence was found to support the victimisation hypothesis, according to whichfear of crime is correlated with the experience of being an actual victim of a crime.Additionally, the vulnerability hypothesis that claims fear of crime results fromperceiving oneself as a potential target of criminal activity was partially corroboratedin the light of the obtained results. Evidence was found to support the fear of crimeparadox with reference to gender, though not to age differences. Finally, the reductionof the social control hypothesis states that fear of crime is related to the condition andstrength of the local communities. The obtained results suggest that the respondents’fear of crime is correlated with the perceived disorder in the nearest surroundings, butno evidence has been found that it is related to the disintegration of neighbourhoodties.Fear of crime remains an important social issue which influences the quality ofcitizens’ lives on the individual (personal) level, the level of local communities and onthe macrosocial one. To maximise citizens’ security, it is essential to undertake actionsaddressed to the objective (minimisation of threats and/or dangers) and subjective(focus on citizens’ sense of safety) understanding of safety.The research in question is unique on both the national and the internationallevel. Periodical analyses of this sort based on the same research questionnaire providea rare opportunity to investigate temporal and spatial dynamics of the phenomenonin question. The authors believe that the presented research will contribute to scientificdiscussion concerning the methods of measuring fear of crime and will allow the safety stakeholders to recognise the need for research-based community crime prevention programmes.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2018, XL; 11-51
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryminogenność alkoholizmu
The Role of Alcoholism in Generating Crime
Autorzy:
Mazur, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698508.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
kryminogenność
alkoholizm
badania katamnestyczne
mężczyźni
leczenie uzależnień
generating crime
alcoholism
catamnestic research
men
addiction treatment
Opis:
The sample consisted of 718 men diagnosed as alcoholics and subjected to disaccustoming treatment at a mental hospital in Łódź in the years 1971-1975. They constituted over 98 per cent of hospital patients in that period, and over 87 per cent of them were sent to hospital treatment by the court. During the treatment on the disaccustoming ward, which lasted about three months on the average, extensive biographical material about each of the patients was gathered. In 1985, a follow-up examination was carried out with the aim to estimate the effects of treatment. All of the men were found to have relapsed into alcoholism at different times, mostly during several weeks after discharge. The examined sample included 429 men (59.7 per cent) with criminal records; in the case of 396 of them (92.3 per cent), their first conviction was preceded by the average of eight years of excessive drinking (from one to twenty-six years). Thus the men in the sample infringed the law at a much older age as compared with the total male population in Poland in the discussed period. The material presented in this paper concerns the role of alcoholism as an individual person’s illness rather than the role of alcohol as a crimegenerating factor. As shown by an analysis of a number of comparative data, biographies of the sample from before the emergence of the alcohol problem reflected the phenomena and processes taking place in the country. This concerns in particular migration to towns, advancement of the succeeding generations, the level of professional qualifications at the peak of economic activity, and the level of education. Also as regards behaviour, the men in the sample probably had not differed, before being subjected to disaccustoming treatment, from typical male representatives of excessively drinking circles, and particularly from alcoholics. The study included a comparison of the sample’s criminal records with the records of men in Poland in the years 1954-1985: the proportion of persons with criminal records among alcoholics proved nearly twice higher. Still more drastic differences were revealed by means of comparison of the incidence of the separate penalties and the numbers of convictions: penalties not involving deprivation of liberty were imposed over twice less frequently upon alcoholics, who instead were conicvted to over two years of imprisonment 4.5 time more often. Finally, the proportion of alcoholics convicted only once was twice lower, and of those convicted at least six times – 3.3 times higher than in the total population of convicted persons. This accumulation of multiplicities made it possible to estimate the threat of alcoholics’criminal acts at five to six times the index for the total male population. Further comparisons, this time concerning the types of offences committed, led to distinguishment of two such types which are typical of alcoholics: namely, offences against family, guardianship, and young persons, and those against private property. The number of convictions of alcoholics for offences against family was three times larger, and for those against private property – 1.3 larger; instead, convictions for offences against life and health, honour and bodily inviolobility, and public property were as frequent among alcoholics as in the total male population, and the number of alcoholics convicted for all of the remaining types of offences was 2.5 times smaller. An attempt was also made to identify the dominant crimegenerating factors in life histories of the men in the sample which provided a rich documentary evidence. Seven such factors were distinguished. Next, a matrix was constructed of their coincidence in pairs, and five factors were determined which are most strongly related to crime. The were: 1) excessive drinking under 19; 2) lack of permanent employment for at least 40 per cent of the time since leaving school; 3) an interval of at least one year from ending or leaving school till the first job; 4) lack of professional qualifications both of the examined man and of his father. Obviously, the latter factor results from chance and escapes any preventive activities. The remaining three, instead, concern the sphere of behaviour which may be subjected to appropriate preventive treatment, chiefly in the case of young persons threatened with alkoholism who  still have no criminal record and maintained by their famikies despite  having finished or left school, Since a long time, category of young persons living in a specific subculture has been pointed to as a crimegenerating group. Those, instead, who regularly evade permanent work and confine themselves to odd jobs, unlicensed trade, or simply sponge on  their families, require an entirely different preventive treatment.  
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1991, XVII; 287-338
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Forensic Tactics by Tadeusz Hanausek as a Method for Detecting Perpetrators of Crime
Autorzy:
Juszka, Karol
Juszka, Kazimiera
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
Cracow school of forensic tactics
forensic version
crime scene investigation
own judicial and prosecutorial research findings
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present the views of a classic forensic scientist prof. zw. dr hab. Tadeusz Hanausek, the founder of Cracow school of forensic science, who has shaped the Polish foundations of forensic tactics, which is currently one of the disciplines of forensic science. The presentation of professor Hanausek has been reflected in the implementation of his dogmatic point of view in the practice of law enforcement agencies and the justice system both during his life and after his death. Professor Tadeusz Hanausek determined the reasons for the initial underestimation of the role of forensic tactics despite the acceptance of this term, built a definition of forensic tactics and developed scientific research that allowed him to indicate a growing role of forensic tactics in the implementation of the functions of forensic science and the criminal procedure. The article presents the fundamental issues of Tadeusz Hanausek’s creative scientific interests, which he first defined and then consistently pursued and developed in his scientific and research activities. The pioneering scientific and research issues in question were passed on by professor Tadeusz Hanausek to the representatives of his Cracow school of forensic tactics and then developed, presented and widely discussed on the national, European and international forum. The subject matter of the article is also focused on the examples of practical application of the professor’s ideas in an effective detection of perpetrators of crime. In addition, the publication is based on the research findings of the judicial and prosecutorial records of one of the authors of this article, who is an active representative, popularizer and, above all, a continuator of professor Hanausek’s Cracow school of forensic tactics.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2019, 11(1); 85-94
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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