Temat: crime/delinquency - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o ochronie danych osobowych przetwarzanych w związku z zapobieganiem i zwalczaniem przestępczości (druk sejmowy nr 2989) w świetle dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/680
Assessment of the governmental Bill on the Protection of Personal Data Processed in Relation to the Prevention of and Fighting Crime (Sejm’s Paper no. 2989) in the light of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2016/680
Autorzy:: Jaroszyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211954.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:: personal data protection
bill
crime/delinquency
European Union
Opis:: The bill does not contain proposals of provisions extending the subject of the act implementing the European Union law or beyond the framework of the Directive 2016/680. The bill includes proposals for provisions that may be considered incompatible with the European Union law or that incompletely implement acts of this law. In this regard, it would be required to improve the bill during further legislative proceedings.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2018, 4(60); 87-94
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Międzywojenna polska debata kryminologiczna-poszukiwanie społecznych przyczyn przestępczości i sposobów jej zwalczania
Criminological debate in interwar Poland. Search for social causes of crime and measures of fight with crime
Autorzy:: Rodak, Mateusz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698490.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: przestępczość w II Rzeczpospolitej
zapobieganie przestępczości
historia kryminologii
history of crime and delinquency
crime prevention
Opis:: This article is an attempt of a summary of the debate, pending in Poland in the interwar period, on the issues related to the etiology and methods of preventing and / or controlling crime. Analyzing these two highly interrelated and interdependent problems, the author decided to take into consideration the clear-cut division in criminology prevailing in the interwar period and to reflect it in the structure of the article. Thus, the text is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the causes of crime, the second the criminal policy. However, the text is not an analysis of all the causes of crime. The author focuses on discussion of the interwar views on the social causes of crime held by persons or institutions related, on various different levels, to criminology. Accordingly, the section on criminal policy includes response to crimes being, at least in theory, a result of social causes. The autor of the article faced the problem to attempt to collect and present ideas on social causes and method of preventing and / or combating crime published in the interwar period. The study covers articles and books, in which the above-mentioned problems have been discussed both by scientists (criminologists, lawyers, doctors, psychologists, and sociologists) and laymen (journalists, publicists, community workers, and politicians). In this text, the attempts to analyze the opinions expressed by the latter of the aforementioned groups is a significantly new thing. The views of people not directly related to the academic community at that time were rarely taken into the consideration while discussing criminological theoretical considerations of the interwar period. The point of departure of this text is assumption of the thesis that in the interwar debate on the broad issue of crime, the views which favoured social factors in generating crime were significantly dominant. It should be recalled that on the other side of the dispute there remained a theory of special importance of so-called endogenous factors. It was argued that the specific psycho - physical construction of a man makes him predisposed to become a criminal. This was an aftermath of a C. Lombroso’s theory, already modified in the interwar period. It should be noted that his theory in Poland was not received unquestioningly. However, the dispute between supporters of exogenous and endogenous factors took place in interwar Poland. A strong trend was a school trying to combine the two trends, taking into account the reasons of both parties as typically they did not exclude. This should be regarded as a unique achievement of the Polish criminology of the interwar period.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2009, XXXI; 101-145
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Children and Young Persons as Offenders and Victims of Offences and Crime Prevention at School in the Slovak Republic
Autorzy:: Emmerová, Ingrid
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26176329.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013-06-30
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:: delinquency and crime
offences committed by juveniles
crime statistics
prevention
social pedagogue at school
Opis:: The article deals with the problem of juvenile delinquency and crime as well as with the problem of crime against juveniles. The author presents official statistics since 2006, on the numbers of offences committed by juveniles in the Slovak Republic, as well as on the numbers of convicted young persons serving their sentence and the term of their sentence. It also gives details of crime against juveniles in the Slovak Republic. The article is an interim output of the project VEGA No. 1/0168/12 Professionalization of Prevention of Socio-pathological Behaviour in School in the SR from the aspect of the profession of social pedagogue – the current state, problems and comparison with foreign countries.
Źródło:: The New Educational Review; 2013, 32; 119-130
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:: The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Juvenile delinquency rates in Ukraine in 2016–2017
Autorzy:: I, Minchenko, Serhii
V, Shcherbakova, Hanna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891556.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-10-07
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:: juvenile delinquency
crime in Ukraine
juvenile
crime determinants
counteracting crime
Opis:: The article presents current tendencies related to juvenile delinquency in Ukraine based on data from the 2016–2017 period. Quantitative juvenile delinquency indices differ substantially from quantitative adult crime indices. This is primarily caused by the fact that the former apply to a four-year period (14–18 years of age), while the latter apply to the period after reaching the age of majority. Differences between juvenile and adult crime also manifest in the form of e.g. the nature and degree of social harm inflicted by the crimes, which is determined by the age of the perpetrators. Their age is not only related to the socio-psychological profiles of offenders, but also their position in society (which is why juvenile delinquency does not encompass e.g. economic crimes, professional offences etc.). The article presents the fundamental determinants of juvenile delinquency, based on the premise that a thorough analysis of crimes committed by persons under 18 years of age is necessary to effectively combat the phenomenon in Ukraine. The article also identifies the major methods currently used to prevent and counteract this type of crimes.
Źródło:: Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2019, 34; 96-104
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:: Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: „Nieobecny ojciec” – casus rodzin nieletnich przestępców
“The Absent Father” – a Case Study of a Family of Juvenile Delinquents
Autorzy:: Bernasiewicz, Maciej
Noszczyk-Bernasiewicz, Monika
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1070729.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-11-14
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:: juvenile delinquency
family
predictors of crime
Opis:: The studies presented in the article show the presence and quality of the male model of the guardian in the life of juvenile delinquents. The biographies of 26 boys and 34 girls (juvenile delinquents) were studied. The text attempts to prove the thesis that the absence of the father in the upbringing of the child (his physical as well as emotional absence) has serious consequences in the children’s moral development. On the other hand, a presence of a criminal father constitutes an equally strong predictor of juvenile delinquency.
Źródło:: Studia Edukacyjne; 2017, 44; 161-175
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:: Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: "Kryminalne" aspekty przestępczości podatkowej
Criminal aspects of tax delinquency
Autorzy:: Wilk, Leszek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698482.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: przestępczość podatkowa
polityka kryminalna
tax delinquency
crime prevention
Opis:: There is a common opinion that fiscal offence has no criminal character but is merely an administrative offence and consists only of petty deeds of little social noxiousness. This opinion is not accurate with regard to basic types of tax crimes which very often are varieties of common frauds or forgery that may seriously endanger financial transactions of a country or local government. They are characterised by the fact that the tax procedures and legal structures are faked or falsely initiated and employed to commit or de facto to camouflage offences of criminal character. One example could be tax fraud involving simulation of a series of transactions which have no real economic of commercial significance and serve to fake alleged tax obligations and to initiate the procedure of VAT and ultimately to obtain from the Treasury substantial amounts of unjust VAT refunds under false pretences. These are in fact ordinary criminal offenses committed with the use of tax refund procedures. Possibility of moving VAT free goods between countries of the European Union with the lack of adequate monitoring mechanisms in the Member States resulted in a dangerous increase in the number of organized frauds, which are simply regarded as a mechanism “embedded” in the EU VAT system. They are referred to as tax carousels or carousel frauds. Tax law, its mechanisms, and its procedures are sometimes used not only for this type of criminal extortion of property from the tax authorities but also as for a so-called money laundering and legalization of illegal incomes. Generally, tax offences shows more and more close links with strictly criminal offences, it is becoming more and more organised, professionalism of the perpetrators is increasing, and even a growth in brutalization of such crimes can observed. This should change a traditional approach to tax crime.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2009, XXXI; 209-221
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Sytuacyjne zapobieganie przestępczości
Situational Crime Prevention
Autorzy:: Kossowska, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699050.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1994
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: zapobieganie przestępczości
przestępczość
kryminologia
przestępca
crime prevention
delinquency
criminology
offender
Opis:: Disappointment in crime prevention based on the etiological approach led to a closer analysis of the circumstances of the offence, its physical conditions, and the resulting motivations of the offender. Whatever his inborn or socially acquired criminal predispositions, object and opportunity are necessary for an offence to take place. Advocates of the situational approach in criminology argue that a potential offender generally does not act on an impulse: instead, he more or less consciously analyses the situation and decides to commit the offence at a given time and place and against a given target. This is the basic assumption of situational crime prevention. Situational crime prevention resolves itself into reduction or liquidation of the physical opportunity to commit an offence, and extension of the probability of apprehension of the offender. This can be done in three different ways. First, the guard over the target can be extended or intensified, or the potential offender can be made to believe that, while dwelling in a given place, he is under incessant surveillance by the police or other competent persons, or by the inhabitants or users of a given object or area. Second, the target can be made less open to crime: special circumstances make it less easily accessible (or completely inaccessible), and theft can no longer yield the expected profit to the offender. This procedure is called target hardening. Third, various organizational steps can be taken that change the environment of crime: new ciercumstances arise and situation in which an offence might take place is changed. The above three methods of situational crime prevention have different efficiency. Their actual efficiency depends on a variety of factors related to the methodology of the crime prevention program and to cultural conditions. As regards programs basied on increased surveillance, the most efficient are those which involve the local population who are allowed both passively to watch over their area of residence, and actively to participate in its protection. What is considered a particulary effective method of situational crime prevention is target hardening where access to the target is made difficult through a variety of physical obstacles. Not as obvious is the efficiency of another target hardening measure where valuable objects are marked so as to make it difficult for the offender to gain by his theft and to increase the probability of his apprehension. Such measures, called operation identification, prove highly efficient in some countries but are next to ineffective in others. Thee ffects here depend largely on the efficiency of the police. Whith a low detection rate of thefts, the marking of objects cannot possibly yield the expected results. It has been found in studies of offenders’ processes of deciding that their decision to commit an offencis based on the factors that condition, first, the physical opportunity (access to the object) nad second, the offender’s safety. The idea of situational crime prevention has many followers who stress the relative easiness of the application of the suggested methods and their efficiency. The opponents argue that,while it many perhaps contribute to preventing definite offences at a definite time and place, situational crime prevention does not actually prevent crime. What it leads to is displacement of crime. The offence is committed anyway but perhaps in another time or place, by other means, or against another target. Despite all the reservations concerning displacement of crime, it msot be stated that situational crime prevention often proves effective; what is more, it requires neither prolonged programs nor entangled methods of manipulating society. Admittedly the offender is not reformed; yet a definite offence is not committed in a definite place, and the target remains safe. This makes situational prevention as important an element of crime prevention programs as the generally recognized social methods.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1994, XX; 7-20
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: VÝCHOVA A PREVENCIA MLADISTVÝCH VO VZŤAHU KU KRIMINALITE A ICH VÝZNAM
Autorzy:: Renáta, Ďurkechová,
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891712.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018-08-21
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:: Crime
juvenile delinquency
teen
youth
social deviance
education
prevention
legal awareness
Opis:: Seminar work titled Education and prevention of juvenile crime in relation to its importance and analyzes the current situation of this issue with respect to both domestic and foreign literature. Seminar paper defines the various fundamental concepts such as crime, juvenile delinquency and the concept of socio-ethical, criminal law and sociology. It deals with the resolution of label youth, juvenile, child of criminal and sociological perspective. Finally, it highlights the importance of education and the prevention of juvenile crime in relation to the level of legal awareness to adolescents.
Źródło:: Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2014, 15; 63-79
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:: Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Zapobieganie przestępczości cudzoziemców w Polsce
Preventing the Perpetration of Criminal Offences by Foreign Nationals Residing in Poland
Autorzy:: Rzeplińska, Irena
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698660.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: zapobieganie przestępczości
cudzoziemcy
kryminologia
preventing
delinquency
crime
criminal offences
foreign nationals
prevention
Opis:: It has been for several decades now that criminological literature has addressed the issue of crime prevention in societies. Helena Kołakowska-Przełomiec argued in 1984: “While trying to formulate a definition of crime prevention, on no account should we disregard the fact that a criminal offence may be committed only by an individual who lives in a certain specific setting, in a society. Crime prevention can therefore be associated with the conditions of the external world in which a person lives, the constraints of social interactions, interpersonal relations, as well as with the person’s own identity, selfdevelopment, lifetime experience, attitudes, aspirations, and the scope of individual activities. Accordingly, crime prevention may be associated with all that effectively makes up the fabric of an outside world in which the person lives, with the overall diversity of human activity, groups of people, and individuals. Indeed, such activity may be closely linked to crime prevention, or only indirectly related to it, or it may also be very far removed from crime prevention. Crime prevention may also exist objectively, without any human activity linked to it whatsoever (e.g. in a mountainous area devoid of roads it is effectively impossible to commit traffic offences).” The author formulated the following definition: “crime prevention is construed as any and all actions which might lead, be that directly or indirectly, to inhibiting the incidence of criminality at large, of criminal offences, and the development of criminal phenomena all over the world.” Ten years later, another definition of crime prevention was proposed by Janina Czapska: “crime prevention should to be construed as all measures aimed at reducing the overall crime incidence and load, either by limiting the circumstances conducive to committing criminal offences, or by exerting an impact on a potential perpetrator, as well as on all members of a society.” In a document of 2002 promulgated by the UN Economic and Social Council, crime prevention is construed as a set of policies and measures that “seek to reduce the risk of crimes occurring, and their potential harmful effects on individuals and society, including the fear of crime.” Modern Europe is a world of people who keep migrating, moving between countries. The presence of foreign nationals (i.e. those who are not the nationals of a particular country) in each of the EU Member States is a natural phenomenon, as they are the EU citizens and the third-country nationals. Criminal offences committed by foreign nationals are also natural enough, from random offences to fully premeditated ones, from minor offences to serious crimes, from common offences to criminal offences specific to foreign nationals in a particular country and during a specific period, committed under certain social, economic and political conditions. In Poland, police crime statistics have taken due note of foreign nationals as suspects since 1984. The proportion of foreign nationals to suspects in total in the period spanning 1984–1988 ranged from 0.1% to 0.5%. This proportion increased throughout the 1990s, from 0.8 in 1991 to 1.8% in 1996, and then to 2.02% in 1997. A decrease in this proportion was noted – 1.6% in 1998, 1.3% in 2000, 0.67% in 2004, and 0.43% in 2012. Foreign nationals suspected of committing criminal offences in Poland in the first decade of the 21st century come from 61 countries. 30% of them are EU citizens. The most numerous are citizens of Germany, Lithuania, Romania, Bulgaria and the Czech Republic. Foreign nationals from non-EU countries constitute 70% of all foreign national suspects, among which the most numerous come from the neighbouring countries: Ukraine, Belarus, the Russian Federation and Armenia. In short, foreign nationals suspected of committing criminal offences in Poland originate from the neighbouring countries: Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Lithuania, and Russia. The overall picture of criminal offences committed by foreign nationals in Poland in the first decade of the 21st century is as follows: a negligible share of foreign suspects in the human crime category, a high proportion in the specific offences category, i.e. driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, whereupon, in the absence of a natural person victim, the only ‘aggrieved’ party is public order, i.e. road traffic safety. The high share of foreign suspects in the offences against the credibility of documents means that foreign nationals who hold residence in Poland, or who enter Poland, make use of forged IDs or travel documents. The overall picture that emerges from the police crime statistics still needs to be supplemented by such rare events as terrorist crime, crime committed in organized groups, or hard to detect crimes, e.g. illegal cigarette or illicit drug manufacturing. In line with the definitions cited above, with regard to each particular type of criminal offence committed by foreign nationals, an appropriate strategy needs to be determined. In each individual case and for each type of crime a separate listing of crime risk factors should be compiled. Smuggling (duly registered by the Customs Service) seems one of the ‘favourite’ types of a criminal offence committed by foreign nationals in Poland (even though Polish nationals also perpetrate this kind of crime). Smuggling takes place both at border crossings and elsewhere, along usually rather desolate, woodland areas straddling a state border, not subject to heavy patrolling by border guard troops. Moving contraband across the border stands to bring substantial profits to all parties involved. In 96% of cases, the contraband commodity of choice are the tobacco products. Foreign nationals are also registered in Poland as the perpetrators of business-related crimes: criminal offences aimed at obtaining material benefits at the expense of other parties involved in business activity. Judicial statistics indicate that foreign nationals are convicted for breaching the Industrial Property Act, including its provisions pertaining to trademark protection, followed by offences under the Copyright and Related Rights Act; here, for the most part, crimes involve illicitly replicated software, music, and movies on the market. The perpetrators of these offences are mostly Bulgarian, Romanian, Ukrainian, Belarussian, Armenian, Slovakian, and Georgian citizens. In the area of business crime, organized criminal groups appear to dominate. As may be gleaned from the case records, most groups dealt with violations of the trademark protection provisions, copyright, money counterfeiting, capital fraud, including bank loan fraud, offences related to ATM cards and Internet accounts, followed by insurance fraud and the offences related to trading in liquid fuels. The groups comprised criminals from nearly 20 nationalities, mostly from Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Ukraine, and Armenia, and less frequently the citizens of the UK, Vietnam, China, Moldova, and Georgia. In the period spanning 2015–2016, a brand-new type of crime was uncovered, i.e. professionally organized illicit manufacture of cigarettes in Poland. The report on the status of national security in Poland for 2014 draws attention to the involvement of foreign nationals in criminal activities. Tax fraud committed by foreign nationals from EU countries appears to be on the rise. Foreigners register business ventures in Poland and then proceed to abuse the Polish tax system with a view to benefiting from undue VAT refunds. Combating business crime, as referenced in the Report, requires fostering closer cooperation between various departments, authorities, and statutory bodies involved in preventing and combating crime. This approach has already spawned a government programme for the prevention and combating business crime for 2015–2020, in which the key principles of the actual action plan have been laid down. Research on organized crime groups, including those involving foreign nationals, reveals that all groups intended to profit from criminal activities, were managed by strong leaders, with ethnicity being of much lesser importance in their operations. They are mobile, moving both across the territory of Poland and beyond its borders. Organized crime groups involving foreign nationals are multi-disciplinary; they are involved in drug-related offences, business crime, and other types of criminal pursuits. Variability in the actual type of criminal activity pursued is always dictated by the principal objective – the achievement of material gain. Prevention and combating terrorist threats in Poland is provided for in the National Counter-Terrorism Programme for 2015–2019. There is no single system for preventing and combating crimes committed by foreign nationals, and hence we are not going to formulate its objectives here. Prevention, i.e. the identification of risk factors for criminal offences committed by foreigners, may be pursued in relation to a particular type of crime committed at any one time (types of criminal offences vary over time). Combating or controlling the criminal behaviours of foreign nationals, to express it in modern lingo, may be pursued through obtaining adequate insight into the actual aetiology of various kinds of criminal offences committed by foreign nationals, and an appropriate penal policy.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 5-13
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Biologiczne inhibitory przestępczości
Biological Crime Inhibitors
Autorzy:: Mościskier, Andrzej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698856.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: przestępczość
socjobiologia
genetyka
genetyczne uwarunkowania przestępczości
delinquency
genetic determinants of crime
sociobiology
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 155-167
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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