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Tytuł:
Prace komisji stałych rad miejskich na przykładzie Komisji Oświaty i Spraw Społecznych Rady Miejskiej w Miłomłynie (2014–2016)
Works of the permanent councils of municipal councils on the example of the Committee for Education and Social Affairs of the City Council in Miłomłyn
Autorzy:
Brzozowski, Francziszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1550554.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-25
Wydawca:
Państwowa Uczelnia Zawodowa we Włocławku
Tematy:
komisje stałe rad miejskich
Miłomłyn
permanent councils of municipal councils
Milomlyn
Opis:
W niniejszym artykule przeanalizowano działalność Komisji Oświaty i Spraw Społecznych Rady Miejskiej w Miłomłynie w latach 2014–2016. Podstawowym źródłem wskazującym na zakres prac komisji oraz podejmowane decyzje są protokoły z posiedzeń komisji oraz uchwały, które stanowią o ewentualnym zakresie pracy, składzie komisji i innych wewnętrznych sprawach organu pomocniczego. Na podstawie materiałów źródłowych autor przedstawił sposób pracy komisji oraz najważniejsze wydarzenia związane z działalnością jej członków.
The following publication has analyzed the operations of the Education and Social Committee of the city council in Miłomłyn between 2014-2016. The main source of information about the scope of the Committee work and the decisions made, are reports from Council's meetings as well as resolutions, which comprise a possible scope of work, the Committee member's list and details on other internal activities of the assisting authority. Based on reference data author has presented the way the Committee operates and an overview of the main events related to the work of the Committee Members.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne; 2018, 14, 1; 102-119
1896-4087
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Catechesis in Italy between the Two Vatican Councils – 1870–1962
Autorzy:
Sultana, Carl-Mario
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668341.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Catechesis
Catechism
Vatican Councils
Italy
Opis:
The article endeavours to give a bird’s eye view of catechesis in Italy as from 1870 to the threshold of Vatican Council II – 1962. The point of departure is a study of the use of the Catechism as the handbook for catechesis. The study will then move on study the efforts of individuals – from priests to Pope Pius X – who sought to positively influence catechesis through their ministry and how different Congresses and Conventions helped in trying to formulate a more coherent catechesis throughout Italy. Finally, the paper will end by a study of the Active Method which was to be the unifying factor for catechesis in Italy prior to Vatican Council II.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2017, 7, 2
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Młodzieżowe rady miast i gmin – model działania i znaczenie dla rozwoju aktywności obywatelskiej młodego pokolenia
Youth City and Municipal Councils – a Model of Action and Significance for the Development of Civic Activity of the Young Generation
Autorzy:
Kanclerz, Bożena
Konarczak, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/920179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
youth
civil society
youth councils
participation
Opis:
The objective of the article is to present of issues on youth councils of cities and municipalities. The article describes the principles of creating youth councils for cities and municipalities. An important topic is also the description of building a civic socjety. The activity of youth in the local and school environment was also presented in the article.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2018, 51; 201-210
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF WORKS COUNCILS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COMPANIES (Rola i znaczenie rad zakladowych w przedsiebiorstwach Europy Srodkowo-Wschodniej)
Autorzy:
Skorupinska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/598389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-10-15
Wydawca:
Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych
Tematy:
EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION
TRADE UNIONS
WORKS COUNCILS
Opis:
The objective of this paper is to define the role and position of works councils in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe as well as to identify the scope of their functions. The establishing of such employee participation institutions in these countries was the result of the implementation of the European Union directive of 2002, which established a general framework for informing and consulting employees. Initially, trade unions were reluctant or even had a hostile view of works councils. They saw them as rivals and feared that they would lose their monopoly in representing employees. With time, in most cases, trade unions mitigated their averse attitude and began to use works councils as a field for their own activity and as a possibility for extending the range of information. However, works councils are relatively scarce in Central and Eastern Europe and most do not exercise their statutory rights in full.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi; 2010, 5(76); 9-18
1641-0874
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of independent fiscal councils in improving fiscal performance of the European Union countries
Autorzy:
Wildowicz-Giegiel, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
public finance
independent fiscal councils
fiscal performance
Opis:
Research background: Independent fiscal councils are an example of new fiscal institutions, the number of which has rapidly increased around the world, including the EU countries since the global financial crisis of 2008?09. A further deterioration of public finance has provoked many economists to intensify disputes regarding the optimal shape, functions and effectiveness of fiscal councils responsible for promoting sound fiscal policy. Given this, a research focus on independent fiscal councils, active in the public debate in Europe, seems intellectually attractive. Purpose of the article: This article aims to explore the impact of Independent Fiscal Councils on fiscal performance, paying particular attention to their mandate, tasks and institutional models which can strengthen the achievement of fiscal discipline in the EU countries. In connection with this, the question arises about the effectiveness of fiscal councils, especially in the case of institutions that were compulsorily created under the external pressure (at the European level) and found no strong political support in national parliaments. Methods: Descriptive analysis along with panel data analysis were implemented to show the role of fiscal councils in enhancing fiscal discipline in the EU countries in years 2006?17 on the basis of data collected by the European Commission. Findings & Value added: The improvement in fiscal performance and better macroeconomic and budgetary forecasts can be achieved thanks to well-designed fiscal councils supported by appropriate fiscal rules. The conducted analysis confirms that independent fiscal councils are the useful mechanism introducing indirect social control over government revenues and expenditures. This means greater fiscal transparency and lower fiscal illusion between the government and the electorate. Due to the increase in the transparency of public finance, it is possible to reduce the ?partisan? deficit bias that contributes to public debt growth. The empirical research extends the existing knowledge on the role of fiscal councils and their impact on fiscal performance.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2019, 14, 4; 611-630
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
FISCAL COUNCILS AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF FISCAL GOVERNANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES
Autorzy:
Dziemianowicz, Ryta
Kargol-Wasiluk, Aneta
Budlewska, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
fiscal policy
fiscal councils
fiscal governance
EU
Opis:
Fiscal governance is defined as a combination of institutions, rules and norms that structure good governance in the area of fiscal policy. It can be named as the specific mechanism of coordination by using of tools such as: budgetary procedures (legislative fiscal rules), fiscal rules (numerical) and independent fiscal institutions/ fiscal councils. Fiscal governance focuses on how the fiscal policy is planned, approved, conducted and monitored, including the involvement of not only public bodies, but the business sector and civil society too. In this study, particular attention was paid to capturing the essence of the relationship between the qualitative elements of fiscal councils activity and its impact on stabilizing the public finances in the view of fiscal governance concept. During the last world crisis in the EU countries, an interest in establishing fiscal councils has increased. Before 2008 there were only seven institutions in the EU, while in 2014 there are already 19. The question is - are these institutions efficient in stabilizing public finances? Therefore, the main objective of the article is the assessment of the role of the fiscal councils in the coordination of the fiscal policy in the EU Member States. The conducted analysis verifies this role on the basis of theoretical deliberation of the current state of the art. The empirical research verifies fiscal councils’ dependence on fiscal balance of EU countries. Research was conducted on the basis of the European Commission, Eurostat and International Monetary Fund data sets.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2016, 11, 4; 675-687
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NETWORK GOVERNANCE W FIŃSKIM SAMORZĄDZIE TERYTORIALNYM: NATURALNY STAN RZECZY CZY WYZWANIE DLA LOKALNEJ DEMOKRACJI?
NETWORK GOVERNANCE IN FINNISH LOCAL GOVERNMENT: NATURAL STATE OF THINGS OR CHALLENGE FOR LOCAL DEMOCRACY?
Autorzy:
Radzik - Maruszak, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512849.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Finland
local democracy
network governance
municipal councils
Opis:
The main aim of the article is to present the practice of network governance concept in Finnish local government and its impact on local democracy, including the role played by elected representatives. The main hypothesis of the study implies that the idea of network governing, not only forces municipal councils to redefine their roles, but also reduces the scope of their responsibilities and limits the level of accountability. The study is based on empirical research conducted in 22 municipalities located in Pirkanmaa Region, Southern Finland in Spring 2015. The results of the research indicate that although network governance easily fits into Finnish local government, the concept brings many challenges. One of the most important challenges is the necessity to strengthen the say of elected representatives, presently perceived with regard to governing process mainly as rubber-stamp councils.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2016, 14, 3; 18-32 (15)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Organy zarządu i współodpowiedzialności – rady w prawie własnym Towarzystwa św. Franciszka Salezego
Governing and responsibility bodies - councils in own law of Society of st. Francis de sales
Autorzy:
Domaszk, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/495074.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego
Tematy:
canon law
religious council
salesian
salesian councils
Opis:
The history of councils which support superiors dates back origins of monastic life, viz. St. Benedictine rule. Second Vatican Council revalorizated the governing and responsibility bodies, especially in religious life. Own law of Society of St. Francis de Sales refers in a clear manner to an issue of religious councils. Religious councils are found on every authority level. The article introduces a short history of a.m. issue. It also gives information about norms of common law of Catholic Church regarding religious councils. In the second part of the article norms of salesian own law are explained against a background of theological and legal premises. Salesian Constitutions regulate those situations when councils support the superiors. Some of the cases mentioned in the article relate to such situation when councils’ approval or advice is necessary to undertake legal acts. In principle, a superior turns to the council but never votes. The only case of collegial activity, which is instituted in Constitutions, applies to decision of dismissal of salesian. Then the superior general also votes. The law follows life and therefore the own law development dynamics is visible, inter alia in decisions of last general chapters. It seems that reprinting Constitutions and General Statutes in Polish, with included changes, is required. It would be also the opportunity to specify language. To sum up, legally determined tasks of councils and actual ministry of brothers, who are members of council, corresponds with Church’s thought regarding shared responsibility of religious for common good. At the same time counsels’ commitment effectively supports the board on every level of congregational organization.
Źródło:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe; 2011, 29; 61-74
1232-8766
Pojawia się w:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La administración de los bienes de la Iglesia hasta el siglo X: algunas de las disposiciones, especialmente de los concilios, y su recepción en el Código de Derecho Canónico de Juan Pablo II
The administration of Church property until the tenth century: some of the provisions, especially the councils, and its reception in the Code of Canon Law by John Paul II
Autorzy:
Di Nicco, Jorge Antonio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957801.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Administration of Church property
councils
finance officer
Opis:
This article analyses the evolution of the goods of the Church and its administration during the first millennium of the Christian era. It reveals the first community of Jerusalem where believers had everything in common, discusses the centrality of the Bishop and severely damaging mismanagement, and some of the provisions on the subject under study, especially those arising from the various councils. It talks about the attempts and tendencies towards the disintegration of the diocesan heritage as a unitary whole from the sixth century; notwithstanding which, the Bishop has the responsibility for his subordinate entities, keeping the administrative power over the property of the diocese. In the last part, the article presents several of these provisions in the Code of Canon Law by John Paul II.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2018, 8, 1; 197-216
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Prezydium Gromadzkiej Rady Narodowej w Sikucinie (1954–1958)
Activity of the presiding committee of the people’s district council in Sikucin (1954–1958)
Autorzy:
Stulczewski, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Sikucin
gromada
rady narodowe
district
People’s councils
Opis:
Gromadzka Rada Narodowa w Sikucinie została utworzona w wyniku reformy administracyjnej w 1954 r. W jej skład weszły obszary wsi: Sikucin, Boczki Reduchów, Kotlinki z gminy Szadek. Gromadzka Rada Narodowa swoje uchwały realizowała za pośrednictwem prezydium, które było kolegialnym organem wykonawczym i zarządzającym rady narodowej. Zakres kompetencji władz gromady obejmował m.in. uchwalanie rocznego budżety gromady, zatwierdzanie i odwoływanie sołtysów, organizację skupu żywca, zboża, ziemniaków i mleka oraz zbieranie podatków, sprawy związane z organizacją prac polowych, budową dróg i szkolnictwem. Kolejnymi przewodniczącymi Prezydium GRN w Sikucinie byli: Ludwik Otocki, Wacław Król i Władysław Siekierski. Gromada została zlikwidowana 31 grudnia 1958 r.
The People’s District Council in Sikucin was formed in consequence of the administrative reform in 1954. It comprised the villages of Sikucin, Boczki Reduchów and Kotlinki in the municipality of Szadek. The resolutions of the People’s District Council were implemented by the presiding committee, which was its executive and managing body. The powers of the committee included the passing of the annual budget of the district, the confirming and dismissing of village administrators, organisation of the purchasing of cattle for slaughter, grain, potatoes and milk, tax collecting, and matters connected with organisation of field cultivation, road construction and education. Successive presidents of the committee were Ludwik Otocki, Wacław Król and Władysław Siekierski.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Szadkowski; 2020, 20; 131-144
1643-0700
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Szadkowski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola rad młodzieżowych w lokalnym życiu publicznym
Autorzy:
Boratyn, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050372.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
youth councils
youth activity
local government
local policy
Opis:
Youth councils are one of the entities functioning within local government units. According to law, the councils have an advisory character, but in practice these bodies also perform a number of other functions. Youth councils are forums that represent the views of young people at a local level; the councils shape, develop, activate, and educate the youth as well as create a forum for cooperation between local authorities and young people. The work in a youth council contributes to the development of a person's personality; it provides satisfaction, self-fulfillment; helps to develop social competences and to meet the need to be noticed and appreciated. The paper presents the results of empirical research, in which the author proves that the main role of youth councils is to activate the local life of young people.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2020, 18, 3; 48-62
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Prezydium Gromadzkiej Rady Narodowej w Przatowie (1954–1961)
The activity of the Presidium of the District People’s Council in Przatów (1954–1961)
Autorzy:
Stulczewski, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27845132.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Przatów
gromada
rady narodowe
district (gromada)
people’s councils
Opis:
Gromadzka Rada Narodowa w Przatowie została utworzona w wyniku reformy administracyjnej w 1954 r. W jej skład weszły obszary wsi: Dziadkowice, Mostki, Piaski, Przatów i Remiszew. Gromadzka Rada Narodowa swoje uchwały realizowała za pośrednictwem prezydium, które było kolegialnym organem wykonawczym izarządzającym rady narodowej. Zakres kompetencji władz gromady obejmował m.in. uchwalanie rocznego budżetu gromady, zatwierdzanie i odwoływanie sołtysów, organizację skupu żywca, zboża, ziemniaków, mleka oraz zbieranie podatków, sprawy związane z organizacją prac polowych, budową dróg i szkolnictwem. Przewodniczącym Prezydium GRN wPrzatowie przez cały okres jej istnienia był Mieczysław Bryl. Gromada została zlikwidowana 31 grudnia 1961 r.
The Community People’s Council in Przatów was formed in consequence of the administrative reform carried out in 1954. The community, introduced as the smallest unit of administrative division, comprised the villages of Dziadkowice, Mostki, Piaski, Przatów and Remiszew. The Council implemented its resolutions through the presidium, which was a collegial executive and managing body. The competences of the district authority included the passing of annual district budget, approving and recalling village leaders, organizing the purchase of livestock and agricultural produce, collecting of taxes, matters connected with organization of field work, construction of roads and education. All through the time of the existence of the District People’s Council in Przatów, Mieczysław Bryl was the chairman of its Presidium. The community was abolished on 31 December 1961.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Szadkowski; 2023, 23; 55-68
1643-0700
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Szadkowski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Student self-government of the example of the activities of Youth District Councils in Warsaw – barriers and threats. Research report
Autorzy:
Błażej, Przybylski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-27
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
youth
District Youth Councils
self-governance
local society
commitment
Opis:
The article describes the functioning of Youth District Councils in Warsaw. These councils function in most city districts (16 councils in 18 districts). For the sake of research, 8 Youth District Councils were chosen. In general, 8 adult tutors of the Councils were interviewed individually, as well as more than 30 young councillors, among them 8 Council presidents. The gathered research material allowed to explore the diffi culty of the Council functioning in Warsaw. According to its principle, the council is supposed to function as a consulting and advisory organ. Yet the interviews and activity analysis of the councils prove that they mainly focus on organisational tasks. The article indicates the main obstacles and the weaknesses of Youth District Councils. The Author describes the fi elds that need intervention of offi cials who are in charge of designing and realising youth policy.
Źródło:
Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze; 2018, 574(9); 54-61
0552-2188
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Prezydium Gromadzkiej Rady Narodowej w Górnej Woli (1954–1957)
Activity of the Presidium of the District People’s Council in Górna Wola (1954–1957)
Autorzy:
Stulczewski, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18824737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Górna Wola
gromada
rady narodowe
district (gromada)
people’s councils
Opis:
Gromadzka Rada Narodowa w Górnej Woli została utworzona w wyniku reformy administracyjnej w 1954 r. W jej skład weszły obszary wsi: Górna Wola, Wilamów, Tarnówka i Rzepiszew z gminy Szadek. Gromadzka Rada Narodowa swoje uchwały realizowała za pośrednictwem prezydium, które było kolegialnym organem wykonawczym i zarządzającym rady narodowej. Zakres kompetencji władz gromady obejmował m.in. uchwalanie rocznego budżetu gromady, zatwierdzanie i odwoływanie sołtysów, organizację skupu żywca, zboża, ziemniaków, mleka oraz zbieranie podatków, sprawy związane z organizacją prac polowych, budową dróg i szkolnictwem. Przewodniczącym Prezydium GRN w Górnej Woli przez cały okres jej istnienia był Teofil Kwiatyszek. Gromada została zlikwidowana 31 grudnia 1957 r.
The District (Gromadzka) People’s Council in Górna Wola was formed as a result of the administrative reform in 1954. It comprised the villages of Wilamów, Tarnówka and Rzepiszew, now being part of Szadek municipality. The Council implemented its resolutions through its presidium, which was a collegiate executive and managing body. The competencies of the District Council included the passing of the annual district budget, appointing and revoking village administrators, collecting taxes, organization of agricultural work, road construction and education. Teofil Kwiatyszek was the chairman of the Presidium of the District People’s Council in Górna Wola throughout all its existence up to 31 December 1957, when it was liquidated.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Szadkowski; 2022, 22; 157-170
1643-0700
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Szadkowski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasady obsady personalnej kolegiów karno-administracyjnych Polski Ludowej
Officers of the Boards Judging Petty Offences in the People’s Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Łysko, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
boards judging petty offences, people’s councils, social lay participants.
Opis:
In December 1951 the collective model of judging petty offences in Poland was introdu- ced. The boards judging petty offences, with non-professionals as their members, were situated as branch of local administration. The candidates to these boards were propo- sed by the state’s enterprises and by the local societies, the members were elected by the local administration – so called “rady narodowe” (people’s councils). After the political crisis of 1956 this model was strongly criticized and non-professional members were singled as the most important reason of low level of judgments. In 1958 additional new requirement was introduced: the chairmen of the boards and their deputies had to get the university degree in legal science. The election of new members in the 60’s changed the situation and the professionals partially replaced the “social lay participants” in this kind of administration of justice. The leading positions in the boards were transferred to members of the security apparatus. As a result, the bureaucratic factor was playing the dominant role in the boards judging petty offences in the communist Poland.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2013, 12; 321-351
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 86

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