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Tytuł:
Compiler and virtual machine of a multiplatform control environment
Autorzy:
Sadolewski, Jan
Trybus, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
control environment
IEC 61131-3 standard
intermediate language
compiler
runtime virtual machine
kontrola środowiska
norma IEC 61131-3
język średniozaawansowany
kompilator
wirtualna maszyna uruchomieniowa
Opis:
Design and operation of a compiler and virtual machine, being the essential components of a multiplatform control programming environment, are presented. The compiler translates source programs written in Structured Text language of the IEC 61131-3 standard into executable code in a dedicated intermediate language. The virtual machine, i.e. a specially designed processor implemented in software, is a runtime part of the environment executing the code in real time. Due to memory-to-memory operation principle the machine is able to process various data types defined in the standard. The focus is given on overloading and extensibility of the functions, as well as on uniform invocations of Program Organization Units. By selection of addressing mode, the environment can be deployed on multiple hardware platforms, beginning from 8-bit microcontrollers up to 32/64-bit industrial PCs. Industrial applications are indicated.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2022, 70, 2; art. no. e140554
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of the Vertical Distribution Pattern of Indoor Climate Parameters in the Greenhouse Heated in the Winter Period
Autorzy:
Boyaci, Sedat
Başpınar, Ayşe
Atilgan, Atilgan
Rolbiecki, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27322948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
greenhouse
environmental control
heterogeneous environment
microclimate gradients
Opis:
Ensuring the homogeneity of the indoor climate throughout the greenhouse is very important for uniform plant cultivation. In the study carried out to determine the indoor climate distribution in the heated greenhouse in the terrestrial climate, indoor temperature, relative humidity, dew point and vapour pressure deficit values were measured from 8 different measurement points. The distribution pattern of the measurement points was made horizontally and vertically at 2, 4 and 6 meters. Sensor placements are grouped vertically at 2 meters (G1: S1, S2 S3), at 4 meters (G2: S4, S5, S6) and at 6 meters (G3: S7, S8). Measurements taken during the day are divided into three parts. The climatic changes in the greenhouse were monitored as daily (00:00-23:30), daytime (08:30-17:30) and night (18:00-08:00) hours. According to the results obtained from the research, it was determined that the indoor climate parameters in the greenhouse change during the average daily, daytime and night hours at different times of the day and at different locations. According to this, it has been determined that it is important for better regulation of the greenhouse climate by monitoring the changes in the plant level as it rises from the greenhouse floor to the ridge with multiple sensors instead of a single sensor.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2023, 25; 105--111
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control of two wheel mobile manipulator on a rough terrain using reaction torque observer feedback
Autorzy:
Abeygunawardhana, P. K. W.
Murakami, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
two-wheel mobile manipulator
inverted pendulum control
environment interaction
reaction torqueo
compliance control
Opis:
The mobile manipulator has the potential to become an efficient industrial robot due to its mobility and dexterity. Moreover, it has expanded the operational area of the mobile manipulator due to its ability to work in a limited space. However, adaptability to unknown environments has still not been developed to date. Therefore, adaptation of the mobile manipulator for unknown environments especially for rough/irregular terrain is discussed in this paper. Information about the environment, a key factor when aiming for compliance with an unknown and/or unstructured environment, was collected using a reaction torque observer. In order to adapt to the environment, compliance control was applied to the mobile manipulator. In this paper, we present a novel control strategy we have developed that can deal with unknown environments through the effective use of inverted pendulum control. Simulation and experiments were carried out to ensure the validity of the proposed method. The method could be confirmed as effective according to the results obtained.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2010, 4, 1; 56-67
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The need of schooling in environmental-aware methods of mosquito control
Autorzy:
Gliniewicz, A.
Wegner, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/840564.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
river valley
habitat
environment protection
lake district
control
mosquito
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 1999, 45, 4
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prospects for LNG in the South Baltic Sea Region
Autorzy:
Jankowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
LNG
environment protection
regulations
emission control
ship’s fuel
Opis:
The global policy of protection environment enforces much more stringent regulations to reduce pollutants from exhaust gases. These requirements are being implemented gradually from 2010 and will have full force in 2015 and 2016. The shipping industry is facing a big challenge to meet these regulations, especially on ECA (emission control area). This paper describes the activities within project “MarTech LNG”, that promotes the use of LNG as a ship's fuel on south Baltic Sea region.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2013, 36 (108) z. 1; 59-63
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kontrola zamówień publicznych dotyczących morskich budowli hydrotechnicznych realizowanych w ramach „Programu ochrony brzegów morskich”
Audit Of Public Procurements Concerning Marine Hydrotechnical Structures Carried Out Within The Framework Of The “Coastal Protection Programme”
Autorzy:
Trela, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
control
public procurement
VAT
maritime hydrotechnical construction
marine environment
Opis:
The article presents an analysis of the thesis on the existence of a system of controlling public procurements concerning services of the construction of sea shore protection structures. It reviews the audit of such public procurement carried out by the various inspection bodies and different methods of control. The first part of the study contains the characteristics of inspection bodies which carried out audits of public procurement contracts and whose subject matter was sea shore protection structures. It is also indicated that although indirectly, tax revenue agencies, administrative courts and the Ombudsman play an important role in the system. For the purposes of moving on to the discussion of particular types of inspections carried out by various public bodies and courts. In the article, certain works consisting in strengthening the sea shore have been assigned to the category of hydrotechnical structures, which allowed to move on to the discussion of particular types of inspections carried out by various public bodies and courts and to cite conclusions formulated on their basis. The concept of “coastal protection of the marine environment,” which underpinned the adoption of the resolution of the Supreme Administrative Court of 11 December 2017, ref. I FPS 2/17 was also analysed in detail. In this resolution the position of the authoress of this article, expressed earlier in the commentary to the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 14 April 2015, ref. I FSK 1493/14 and published in “Studia Prawa Publicznego” 2016, no. 1 was shared. The conclusion of the deliberations is that the system for controlling public procurements of services related to maritime coast protection is not coherent and mutually supportive. The results of the study show that many activities under this system relating to coastal protection were subject to control by many different authorities, leading in consequence to different conclusions.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2019, 1, 25; 81-102
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Model of User Access Control to Virtual Machines Based on RT-Family Trust Management Language with Temporal Validity Constraints - Practical Application
Autorzy:
Lasota, K.
Kozakiewicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
RT-family languages
security model
user access control
virtualization environment
Opis:
The paper presents an application of an RT-family trust management language as a basis for an access control model. The discussion concerns a secure workstation running multiple virtual machines used to process sensitive information from multiple security domains, providing strict separation of the domains. The users may act in several different roles, with different access rights. The inference mechanisms of the language are used to translate credentials allowing users to access different functional domains, and assigning virtual machines to these domains into clear rules, regulating the rights of a particular user to a particular machine, taking into account different periods of validity of different credentials. The paper also describes a prototype implementation of the model.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2012, 3; 13-21
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ wybranych czynników ergonomicznych na skuteczność kontroli jakości
Influence of selected ergonomic factors on the effectiveness of quality control
Autorzy:
Wachowiak, F.
Kujawińska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/269469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
ergonomia
środowisko pracy
kontrola jakości
ergonomics
work environment
quality control
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu wybranych czynników ergonomicznych na skuteczność kontroli jakości w przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym z branży drzewnej. Wykazano, że dostosowanie środowiska pracy do wymagań i zaleceń ergonomii wpływa na skuteczność kontroli jakości, mierzoną frakcją wyrobów niezgodnych w stosunku do wyrobów zgodnych w kontrolowanej partii produkcyjnej.
In this article, authors shown the influence of selected ergonomics factors on the effectiveness of quality control. Demonstrate a significant role of human in quality improvement. In product realization, project findings relate to a specific product, in production processes. The designed quality must be transferred to produced quality. The key of success is to respect the findings of project, to keep on the high level maintained quality of enterprise resources – machinery, equipment, infrastructure, technologies, processes, working conditions, and also prepare a person to work – in the meaning of ergonomics. Full use of technical capabilities of fixed assets, in the meaning of maximal quality level, depends on interaction between man and machine, technical objects. People are a factor, without which production could not be implemented. The human potential, next to substantive and financial potential, is the main part of production potential of the enterprises. From many reasons, also physical, and mental strength, human being is much more defective, than technical elements. “Biological machine” is not the same as technical machine. All the non-conformance, that are the result of the human factor, are coming from bad projected system, not adapted to human. It is not a bad will of employee (of course without all extreme situations). Ergonomics, as a science, is responsible for adaptation of technical conditions to human. The humanization of processes has got an important influence on quality in production processes. Ishikawa says “People are the creators of quality”. Authors says: Ergonomics is the creator of quality.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Maszyn; 2013, R. 18, z. 1; 51-59
1426-708X
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Maszyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Abatement of particulate matter and SO2 emission by ships
Autorzy:
Jaworek, A.
Krupa, A.
Marchewicz, A.
Sobczyk, A.
Czech, T.
Ottawa, A.
Śliwiński, Ł.
Antes, T.
Kurz, M.
Szudyga, M.
Charchalis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
marine transport
diesel exhausts
air pollution control
environment protection
PM removal
Opis:
Ship engines emit noxious gases (SO2, NOx, and VOC) and particulate matter (PM), mostly black carbon. Since 1990, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations gradually restricted the level of emission of NOx, which since 2016 have to be lower than 2-3.4 g/kWh, depending on engine power. SO2 emission reduction has begun since 2010 and now the content of sulphur in marine fuels is limited to 3.5%. At the same time, the Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) has been established, at which the sulphur content in fuel cannot be higher than 0.1%. Since 2020, only a fuel of 0.5% sulphur can be used at all cruising areas outside SECA. It should be noted that due to lack of efficient technology, IMO still has not issued regulations regarding the PM emission by ships. The paper discusses various electrostatic techniques used for the reduction of PM emission in Diesel engine exhausts. Electrostatic scrubber systems, using seawater, allow removal of PM from exhausts with high efficiency and simultaneously SO2 gas. Electrostatic agglomerators allow increasing submicron and nanoparticles by coagulation of those particles to the larger ones, which could be removed by conventional techniques.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 4; 183-192
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical Approach in Topology Control of Sensor Networks for Urban Environment
Autorzy:
Musznicki, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
empirical approach
node deployment
sensor network
topology control
urban environment
WSN
Opis:
Research into the topology control of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is geared towards modeling and analysis of methods that may be potentially harnessed to optimize the structure of connections. However, in practice, the ideas and concepts provided by researchers have actually been rarely used by network designers, while sensor systems that have already been deployed and are under continued development in urban environments frequently differ from the patterns and research models available. Moreover, easy access to diversified wireless technologies enabling new solutions to be empirically developed and popularized has also been conducive to strengthening this particular trend.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2019, 1; 47-57
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fuzzy controller for underwater remotely operated vehicle which is moving in conditions of environment disturbance occurrence
Autorzy:
Żak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
control
fuzzy logic
underwater remotely operated vehicle
modelling of environment disturbance
Opis:
Oceans fill two-third surface of the Earth and they are house for majority alive organisms of our planet. However human possibilities of cognition of this environment are very limited. To defeat these limitations lots of scientists dealing with exploration of depths, concentrates on unmanned, remote-controlled underwater vehicle. From seventieth years happened the development of unmanned underwater vehicles which currently administering all characteristic attribute of robot, and have the possibility of shifting and manipulation, ability of technical surroundings' observation, and sometimes are making independent decision in typical situations. For control of all devices of robot responds the system of steering which holds supervision beginning from the propulsion and finishing on switching the video cameras and lighting. In robot's control system the functions of regulator in feedback the most often is realized by operator which is the onlooking working object on monitor installed in deck console. Nowadays more often automatic system of control is used, therefore in this paper such system will be proposed. The main aim of paper is to introduce the results of research concentrated on controlling remotely operated underwater vehicle during movement in conditions of environment disturbance occurrence. Firstly the mathematical model of example ROV is briefly discussed. Next the environment disturbance and its taking into account in mathematical models is shortly described. Next the proposed control system which is using technology of fuzzy logic is presented. At the end the example results of research on stabilizing movements' parameters of ROV during environment disturbance occurrence, using ROV simulator were presented. The paper is finished by summary which include conclusions derive from results of research.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 499-507
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Water pollution: sources, effects, control and management
Autorzy:
Owa, F.W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
water pollution
source
control
management
environmental education
phytoremediation
biomass
industrialization
agricultural practice
environment degradation
environment pollution
water management
Opis:
Human activities including industrialization and agricultural practices contributed immensely in no small measure to the degradation and pollution of the environment which adversely has an effect on the water bodies (rivers and ocean) that is a necessity for life. This paper tries to discuss basically what water pollution is and equally to address the source, effect control and water pollution management as a whole. Some recommendations such as introduction of environmental education were mentioned.
Źródło:
International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2014, 03
2300-9675
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sterowanie układem zasilania i pomiar właściwości układu wrzecionowego z łożyskami skośnymi przy użyciu środowiska LabVIEW
Control supply system and measurement properties of spindle with angular contact bearings using LabVIEW
Autorzy:
Turek, P.
Skoczyński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134728.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
ADVSEO
Tematy:
preload
angular bearings
machine tool
LabVIEW environment
monitoring of spindle
speed control
Opis:
The paper presents a research position with the spindle-speed. It is used in the PhD thesis, the aim of which is to develop an active bearing case. This case is intended to provide the opportunity to actively change the preload of the spindle of ball angular contact bearings. The article describes the construction of the test and the parameters of both spindle and measurement systems. It shows the hardware configuration used for the initial measurements. These measurements will allow to determine the operating parameters of the spindle so that setting a real relationship changes the preload of the spindle for changing working conditions. For data acquisition and control software environment LabVIEW was used, its general philosophy is presented in the work. The authors also present the application created in this program which allows for simultaneous control of spindle speed and monitoring of selected parameters of its work.
Źródło:
Technical Issues; 2016, 3; 120-125
2392-3954
Pojawia się w:
Technical Issues
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Work environment, governance and service quality in Japanese healthcare
Autorzy:
Pestoff, Victor A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Małopolska Szkoła Administracji Publicznej
Tematy:
work environment
demand & control
governance
service quality
healthcare
co-operatives
social enterprises
Opis:
Objectives: This paper explores the contribution of governance to work environment and service quality in Japanese healthcare. Research design: Data for this project was collected by giving questionnaires to the staff at eight cooperative hospitals across Japan in 2016 and compared with similar data from the staff at two public hospitals in Osaka in 2017. The staff sample from these 10 hospitals was a total of 6,859, with a response rate of 72.1%. Findings: Based on the “demand, control, support” model of Karasek & Theorell, we found that more staff control over their daily work life resulted in greater staff satisfaction and promoted better service quality. Governance proved to be an intervening factor of significant importance and this paper considered three differentiated models for governing the provision of healthcare in Japan. They were distinguished in terms of the autonomy given to the staff in their everyday work life as well as patient inclusion in hospital discussions and decision-making. Implications: Greater staff autonomy and more patient inclusion can have a positive effect both on work environment and service quality. Governance models can, therefore, contribute to or detract from goals of achieving greater staff autonomy, better service quality and more patient inclusion. Contribution: This study tapped into Japan’s unique healthcare system, with two user-owned co-operative healthcare providers that manage nearly 200 hospitals with almost 50,000 beds, in order to explore work environment, governance and service quality. Questionnaires given to nearly 7,000 hospital employees allowed us to explore in depth the contribution of governance to work environment and service quality in Japanese healthcare. These results can serve as a best practice for other healthcare providers in Japan and elsewhere.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance; 2019, 1(47); 5-17
1898-3529
2658-1116
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowoczesne metody monitoringu i sterowania procesem spalania paliw stałych w celu zmniejszenia jego oddziaływania na środowisko naturalne
Modern methods of monitoring and controlling combustion of solid fuels in order to reduce its environmental impact
Autorzy:
Wójcik, W.
Kotyra, A.
Smolarz, A.
Gromaszek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
paliwa stałe
środowisko naturalne
proces sterowania
monitoring
solid fuels
environment
process control
Opis:
Polska energetyka zawodowa, stoi przed problemem efektywnego prowadzenia procesu spalania w blokach, które w dużej mierze pochodzą sprzed 50 lat. Z drugiej strony należy zaznaczyć, że pojęcie efektywności takiego procesu należy rozumieć nie tylko w sensie parametrów techniczno-ekonomicznych, ale również ekologicznych Jest tak za sprawą wytycznych Komisji Europejskiej, ograniczających graniczne wartości emisji (ELV) NOx, CO oraz SO2 do atmosfery, ustawicznie zaostrzanych w ramach dyrektyw IIPC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) oraz LCP (Large Combustion Plants). Dla przykładu, bloki o mocy powyżej 500 MWth, używające paliw stałych mają od roku 2008 ograniczoną wartość stężenia emisji tlenków azotu w wysokości 500 mg/Nm3, która po roku 2016 ma wynosić 200 mg/Nm3. Przy wytwarzaniu energii opartym głównie na spalaniu węgla kamiennego, brunatnego oraz współspalaniu biomasy, dużo uwagi poświęca się metodom pierwotnym. Szacunki mówią, że innowacyjne technologie oparte na metodach pierwotnych pozwolą spełnić rygory ELV przy połowie kosztów odpowiadających metodom redukcji katalitycznej [4]. Do istotnego aspektu ekologicznego, przeciwwagę stanowią obciążenia związane z kosztami oraz trudności i opóźnienia w uzyskiwaniu pozwoleń również w kontekście nowych inwestycji. Zatem istotnym zagadnieniem w obliczu zaistniałej sytuacji jest tania redukcja tlenków azotu (NOx). Liczne publikacje, np. [2÷4], jak i konferencje i sympozja naukowe, poruszają problemy niskoemisyjnych technik spalania.
Polish power industry, faces the challenge of efficient management of the combustion process in power units, built largely 50 years ago. The concept of the effectiveness of such a process should be understood not only in terms of technical and economic parameters, but also environmental, due to the directives of the European Commission, continually tightening emissions limits. For example, solid fuel power units with a capacity above 500 MWth, had to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions to 500 mg/Nm3 since 2008, which after the year 2016 is expected to be only 200 mg/Nm3. In power generation, mainly based on the combustion of coal, lignite, and cocombustion with biomass, much attention is drawn to the primary methods. It is estimated that innovative technologies based on primary methods will meet the rigours of the directives at half the costs of the catalytic reduction methods. In addition, new investments are burdened with additional costs as well as difficulties and delays in obtaining permits. Thus, in the face of this situation, relatively cheap reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is an important issue, The complexity, nonlinearity of the combustion process, delays and disturbances as well as security issues makes that the nature of most discussed and implemented solutions is usually of modernization. The basic measures available to the engineer of low-emission combustion systems are limited to: reducing the combustion temperature, air redistribution, fuel staging (combustion aero-dynamics and reburning), and the reducing properties of the rich flame. Assistive technologies like process control optimization may be complementary to these technological improvements. Controlling the combustion process is a very complex issue. The difficulty of operation of such process consists in the mutual interference effects of chemical, physical (mainly energy and mechanical) on one hand and risks existing if its course becomes unpredictable. In addition, there are restrictions on the control due to the unavailability of certain process signals (input or output) and incomplete knowledge about them. Current availability of high-speed measuring and computing devices allows to extract the hidden relationships between the elements of such complex process and the use them in control. The paper presents the technologies being developed in the Department of Electronics Lublin University of Technology. They use optical diagnostic methods, modern methods of control and artificial intelligence methods. Among optical methods, those based on image processing become particularly important. They are shown in the first part of this article. Apparent motionlessness of a flame is the result of dynamic balance between the local flame propagation speed and the speed of the incoming fuel-oxidizer mixture. Change the flame front location in space, perceived as a change in the shape of a flame, is the result of disruption of this balance. This allows to assume that the flame shape can be an indicator of the status of a combustion process taking place in certain conditions. It was shown that even on the basis of simple geometrical indicators, such as the flame surface area and contour length of the flame area, one can determine the changes of important parameters such as change in the flame of air-fuel ratio. They can be determined in real time at a speed of 50 images per second. The second part of the article is devoted to the diagnosis of an individual burner with the use of optical methods and artificial intelligence. Research is aimed to develop a system allowing a parametric evaluation of the quality of pulverized coal burner operation. It is based on an analysis of local variability of the brightness of the flame. Due to the highly nonlinear nature of dependency and lack of an analytical model, parameter neural networks were used to estimate the selected parameter. For example, the neuronal estimator error of nitric oxide emissions on the basis of optical measurements does not exceed 10% and its average value is about 3%. Optoneural system for estimation of combustion process parameters was used in the control system stabilizing emissions of nitrogen oxides from a single burner. Studies have shown that using such system can significantly reduce the disturbance response time, which reduce the total amount of pollutants emitted. The third part describes the combustion chamber identification with three different types of low-emission burners. The achieved models were used for Model Predictive Controller design, which allows to implement appropriate borders for input, output and control signals. Achieved models and controllers were verified regarding to normative limitations of NOx emission. Performed activities allowed for conclusions formulation in reference to pollution control policy.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2011, Tom 13; 1559-1576
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 42

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