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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 102
Tytuł:
Contrast induced acute kidney injury – is it a real problem these days?
Autorzy:
Musiałowski, P.
Musiałowska, D.
Gościk, E.
Małyszko, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917818.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
contrast media
contrast induced nephropathy
acute kidney injury
Opis:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is proven risk factor associated with higher mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. The widespread use contrast media opens the discussion about the acute kidney injury as a result of used contrast - contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN is defined as an acute, generally reversible decline in renal function that occurs 48-72 hours after intravascular injection of contrast medium. Pre-existing renal insufficiency is characterised independent risk factor for occurrence of CI-AKI, other factors,such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, advanced age or hemodynamic instability increase the risk of AKI, but are not characterized as independent risk factors. Published new large retrospective single-center studies presented equal risk of AKI among patients receiving contrast enhanced computer tomography if compared to unenhanced computer tomography, based on serum creatinine levels. In our review we would like to present a persisting the problem of CIN after intravenous (iv) as well intra-arterial contrast media administration
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2016, 6(1); 177-182
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficiency of cropping system designs via base contrast
Autorzy:
Bronowicka-Mielniczuk, U.
Mielniczuk, J.
Przybysz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1208129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
cropping system experiment
inter-contrast
efficiency factor
base contrast
Opis:
The present article is a continuation of previous papers by the same authors devoted to the efficiency of crop rotation experiments. We focus on plans distinguished by the cyclical pattern of the incidence matrix. For practical reasons, we slightly modify the efficiency coefficient. The relation between the resulting efficiency coefficients is examined. In addition, we provide a background material on crop rotation experiments.
Źródło:
Applicationes Mathematicae; 2000, 27, 4; 377-384
1233-7234
Pojawia się w:
Applicationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of Yellow-Tinted Lenses on Visual Attributes Related to Sports Activities and Daily Life in Late Middle-aged Adults
Autorzy:
Kohmura, Yoshimitsu
Murakami, Shigeki
Someya, Yuki
Aoki, Kazuhiro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1055076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
contrast sensitivity
dynamic visual acuity
hand–eye coordination
low-contrast visual acuity
sports
Opis:
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of colored lenses on the visual performance of middle-aged people. The subjects were 19 middle-aged people with a mean age of 57.4 ±6.0 years. Five different functional lenses were used in the experiments: colorless lenses and four colored lenses (Light-yellow, Dark-yellow, Light-gray, and Dark-gray). Using each lens type, contrast sensitivity, depth perception, hand–eye coordination, dynamic visual acuity, and visual acuity/low-contrast visual acuity were measured. Visual acuity/low-contrast visual acuity was measured under the four conditions of Evening, Evening + Glare, Day, and Day + Glare. Results showed that dynamic visual acuity and depth perception did not differ among the lens types, but hand–eye coordination measurements had a significantly shorter time with the Light-yellow and Dark-yellow lenses than the Dark-gray lenses. Low-contrast visual acuity under Evening and Evening + Glare conditions tended to be lower with the Dark lenses than the Colorless and Light-yellow lenses. The subjects rated the Yellow lenses as bright in a subjective questionnaire evaluation.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2015, 9, 1; 27-36
2300-9705
2353-2807
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A statistical criterion to establish normal ranges for age in a contrast sensitivity function test
Autorzy:
Santillán, J E
Issolio, L A
Colombo, E M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/173959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
contrast sensitivity
ophthalmological clinic
normality references
Opis:
In a previous work (Opt. Appl. 39(2), 2009, pp. 415–428) we established the characteristics that a computer-based contrast sensitivity function (CSF) measurement system has to be used in the opthalmological clinic. In order to obtain a generalized use of CSF in clinics and as a screening tool, the necessity to incorporate a normality range by age was also suggested. It will also be important to establish how many reference curves are necessary, because in the last decades, different ranges have been presented in the literature. In the present work, our purpose was to show how to distribute the observers in terms of the statistical variations of CSF as a function of age in a normal population of healthy eyes. We then evaluated the utility of these curves in the detection of vision problems and, finally, the possibility of using them as a screening tool considering a reduced number of spatial frequencies. We used a computer-based CSF measurement system to present sinusoidal gratings whose values range from 1 to 24 cycles per degree. Three different groups (control, clinical and non-clinical) of subjects were considered. From the statistical analysis we obtained two ranges of normality, based on significant differences that appear around the age of 50. As we were interested in evaluating if this separation could increase the sensitivity of the test, we also performed a series of measurements in a clinical environment. As an interesting possibility of usage of a vision test is screening, we also measured people in conditions relatively different to those found in laboratories or clinics. We observed that this division into two ranges allows a better discrimination, especially for young adults. Measurements show an improvement of 22% in the detection of vision anomalies.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2014, 44, 2; 213-225
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza graficznej zasady kontrastu w Zawrocie głowy Alfreda Hitchcocka
Autorzy:
Smaga, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1186466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
graphic rules
visual contrast
drawing
technique
suspense
Opis:
The film was a purely visual event for Hitchcock. That is why the director enjoyed using the means of pictorial expression, such as contrasts in: scale – small and large; tone – light and dark, colors – complementary colors (red and green, yellow and blue), shape – round and sharp forms, direction – horizontal and vertical; planes – built-up areas and undeveloped, open and closed areas; textures – smooth and rough. Contrasts appeared within: single frame, shot, scene and sequence. The suggested graphic oppositions contributed to the phenomenon of suspense that Hitchcock was a master of. In this case, the suspension of the course of action was required through the collection of information and its synthesis, which was carried out with the use of visual contrasts, which led to cognitive oppositions. During the suspension of the course of events, the viewer was either curious about the further development of events or anticipated what might happen, but did not know how it would happen. The viewer then felt a certain kind of tension. The analyzed image contrast was the source of this perceptual and then cognitive tension. It had to be strong enough to be actually effective. Then the image became visually attractive (1), thus immersive (2) and therefore persuasive (3). The sudden close-up of the face and its sudden distance away, the play of complementary colors, textures and space, all these phenomena caused the anticipated perception shock. Suspension – considered from the psychological level – also consisted of two contrasting states: fear and hope, which induced cognitive uncertainty. Both opposing mental states were built, among others, through the contrasts of images: scale, tone, color, texture (also sonic and kinetic dissonances).
Źródło:
Załącznik Kulturoznawczy; 2020, 7; 141-166
2392-2338
Pojawia się w:
Załącznik Kulturoznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania ultrasonograficzne z zastosowaniem środków kontrastujących
CEUS – Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound
Autorzy:
Fedak, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Indygo Zahir Media
Tematy:
ultrasonografia
CEUS
środki kontrastujące
ultrasonography
contrast agents
Opis:
Badania z zastosowaniem środków kontrastujących znacznie poszerzają możliwości ultrasonografii jako metody diagnostycznej. Autor przedstawił podstawy fizyczne, mechanizmy obrazowania oraz opisał możliwości zastosowania ultrasonografii z wykorzystaniem środków kontrastujących.
Studies using contrast agents significantly expand the possibilities of ultrasonography as a diagnostic method. The author presented physical fundamentals, imaging mechanisms and described possibilities of using Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound.
Źródło:
Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny; 2019, 8, 2; 95-98
2300-1410
Pojawia się w:
Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie wybranych metod oceny kontrastu achromatycznych obrazów cyfrowych
Comparison of selected gray-level image contrast evaluation methods
Autorzy:
Bal, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/154187.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
wstępne przetwarzanie obrazów
poprawa kontrastu
globalne i lokalne metody poprawy kontrastu
ocena kontrastu obrazu
image preprocessing
contrast enhancement
global and local image contrast enhancement methods
image contrast evaluation
Opis:
Praca dotyczy zagadnienia oceny kontrastu achromatycznych obrazów cyfrowych. Przedstawiono i porównano znane z literatury metody oceny kontrastu obrazów, a także zaproponowano nowe rozwiązania bazujące na określeniu różnic poziomów szarości sąsiadujących ze sobą pikseli. Ocena przydatności poszczególnych metod została dokonana na przykładzie zadania wyboru najlepszej wersji obrazu pod kątem jego dalszej analizy. Przeprowadzona analiza wyników oceny kontrastu obrazów wskazuje, że dla przyjętych warunków porównania najlepszą metodą oceny kontrastu jest jedna z nowych metod.
This paper deals with the gray-level image contrast evaluation problem. In the paper some methods of contrast evaluation are considered, namely: (1) and (2) - two methods based on Weber-Fechner law ((2) is a Michelson contrast), next two methods (3) and (4) are based on variance of gray-level values in the image, and the last two (5) and (6) are new methods in which the difference between gray-level values of neighbouring pixels is used for calculating the image contrast ratio. The evaluation of the described methods has been made for one of the standard usage cases of the contrast evaluation method, i.e. evaluation of images after contrast enhancement for choosing the best of them for its visual analysis. The investigations have been performed on the example of aerial image AERIAL (Fig. 1). The contrast enhancement of this image gives the set of test images (a)-(j) (Fig. 1). Table 1 presents the contrast enhancement methods and their parameters used for obtaining test images. The contrasts evaluation values of the test images obtained by use of the methods (1)-(6) are given in Table 2. Table 3 shows the ranking of the images (a)-(j) obtained by sorting in descending order the contrast ratio of test images independently for each evaluation method. It is difficult to indicate the best evaluation method but it seems that, basing on the comparison, the new method (5) is the best image contrast evaluation method
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2009, R. 55, nr 7, 7; 501-503
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do they understand more? Turkish EFL speakers perception of sentence stress in English
Autorzy:
Buczek-Zawiła, Anita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040190.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
sentence stress
discrimination
phonetic training
focus
contrast
Opis:
As one of the most prominent elements of intonation sentence stress frequently contributes to the meaning expressed by speakers. It most typically signals details of an utterance information structure, but it also performs a contrastive or emphasizing function, thus expressing focus in the spoken discourse. In English and many other languages its location, while exhibiting certain regularities it additionally determined by extra relevant or relative information. As such, either alone or in combination, it may communicate certain additional shades of meaning that, similarly to the contribution of sentence intonation, may escape the attention of EFL speakers. The paper explores the comprehension sensitivity of Turkish speakers of English when it comes to identifying meaning details contributed by sentence stress. It investigates their awareness as detected through perception of variable sentence stress location. The target group are Turkish advanced speakers of English, with various levels of competence, and only sporadic phonetic training in English for part of them. In a perception-based experiment they were asked to identify the details they perceive. Their results were then compared and analysed, also in relation to what their native language (with a distinction into sentential and focal stress) adds in terms of this module of utterance intonation. Finally, their results were correlated with those achieved by Polish advanced speakers of English as investigated in a similar study conducted earlier. The interpretation of the results reveals that Turkish EFL speakers are more sensitive to the highlighting or contrastive function of sentence stress, achieving overall better result here than when they are to judge its contribution to notion such as politeness or impatience. They are also rather competent at detecting the prominent element in an utterance.
Źródło:
Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2016, 2; 27-43
2450-5188
Pojawia się w:
Linguistics Beyond and Within
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie wybranych miar kontrastu obrazów achromatycznych
Comparison of selected contrast evaluation methods of gray level images
Autorzy:
Bal, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/152934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
wstępne przetwarzanie obrazów
poprawa kontrastu
globalne i lokalne metody poprawy kontrastu
ocena kontrastu obrazu
image preprocessing
contrast enhancement
global and local image contrast enhancement methods
image contrast evaluation
Opis:
W pracy poruszono zagadnienie oceny kontrastu achromatycznych obrazów cyfrowych. Przedstawiono porównanie wyników oceny kontrastu obrazów przy wykorzystaniu, zarówno znanych z literatury jak i nowych, miar kontrastu. Zaproponowane nowe miary bazują na lokalnej realizacji pewnych znanych z literatury globalnych miar kontrastu. Badania przeprowadzono dla kilkudziesięciu obrazów testowych. Przedstawiono także problemy związane z doborem miar kontrastu do danego zastosowania.
The paper deals with the problem of gray level image contrast evaluation. Comparison of several, both known from the literature and new, image contras evaluation methods are presented. Methods taken into consideration are: (1) and (2)-two methods based on Weber-Fechner law, (3) and (4)-variance based methods, method (5) with its modifications-based on difference between gray-level values of neighboring pixels, (6)-image energy based method, (7)- method based on Shannon entropy information theory, (8)-(11)-group of new methods based on the idea of aggregating of local contrast evaluation value obtained for neighborhood of pixel for all pixels in image. The comparison was performed on the set of 48 test images obtained as a result of contrast enhancement of 8 images (Fig. 1) using 5 contrast enhancement methods. The results of contrast evaluation of all images are given in Table 1. In order to compare the numerical contrast evaluation with visual judgment, two subsets of test images are presented (Figs. 2 and 3) together with charts of the contrast values (Fig. 4). The obtained results are analysed in Section 4, where on the example of two different applications of contrast enhancement the difficulties with contrast evaluation and selection of the best contrast evaluation method are discussed. It is not possible to choose the best contrast evaluation method basing on the obtained results and taking into consideration different purposes of image contrast enhancement. Because of this, a contrast evaluation method should be chosen for each application individually.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2010, R. 56, nr 11, 11; 1359-1353
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A unified terminology in block designs
Autorzy:
Caliński, Tadeusz
Kageyama, Sanpei
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729764.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
block design
PEB design
efficiency factor
basic contrast
Opis:
Partially efficiency balanced (PEB) designs with m efficiency classes have been defined by Puri and Nigam [15] as block designs which have simple analysis and, if properly used, allow the important contrasts to be estimated with desired efficiency. Such designs can be made available in varying replications and/or unequal block sizes. However, any block design is a PEB design with m efficiency classes for some m < v, where v is the number of treatments in the design. So the term "PEB" itself is not much informative in a statistical sense. More information may be added to this term. In this paper, a unified terminology is suggested, aimed at giving more statistical meaning to the PEB designs, which may or may not be connected. The paper is essentially based on our recent books "BLOCK DESIGNS: A Randomization Approach", Springer Lecture Notes in Statistics, Vol. 150 (2000), Vol. 170 (2003), with some new additions.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2004, 24, 1; 127-145
1509-9423
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 102

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