Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "continuous casting" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 110
Tytuł:
Segregation of Elements in Continuous Cast Carbon Steel Billets Designated for Long Products
Autorzy:
Hutny, A. M.
Warzecha, M.
Derda, W.
Wieczorek, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354222.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
continuous casting
billet
segregation
Opis:
This article presents research results concerning designation of the scope of segregation of elements by analysing the ingot, designated for hot rolling of long products. The research tests were performed under industrial conditions, during continuous casting production cycle of high carbon steels. From cc ingots with square cross-section of 160 mm samples having the length of 400 mm were collected, out of which two samples were cut up, the so-called templates with the thickness of 20 mm. Segregation of elements was determined based on the quantitative analysis of results performed by using spark spectrometry pursuant to PN-H-04045. Changes in concentrations of elements were analysed along the line, which join the opposite sides of the sample in their half length and pass through the geometric centre of the square cross-section. In the further course of the research study, there was also determined the segregation along perpendicular line up to the surface connecting the core of the cross-section with lateral plane. Designations of element contents were performed at points distanced from each other by approx. 10 mm and situated on the lines. There was found segregation of carbon, sulphur and phosphorus.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2037-2042
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of Steel Flow in the Tundish by Modifying its Working Area
Autorzy:
Warzecha, P.
Hutny, A. M.
Warzecha, M.
Merder, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
tundish
continuous casting
numerical modelling
Opis:
Presented paper describes model investigations carried out on six-strand continuous casting tundish. Numerical analysis is based on simulations performed with the use of commercial code ANSYS Fluent. The analysis concerns determination of hydrodynamic conditions of the flow in the analysed tundish, with nominal capacity of 22 Mg, and its optimisation by modification of the flow structure in the tundish working area. Four different flow control devices (FCD) were proposed. Results of investigations presented in the paper include the distribution of velocity vectors and distribution of temperature and turbulence kinetic energy. Additionally, for more detailed comparative analysis, the macroscopic characteristics of residence time distribution (RTD) in the reactor, and the transition zone ranges were determined for each of the variants.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2071-2078
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrodynamic conditions of flow in the tundish depending on selected technological parameters for different steel groups
Autorzy:
Warzecha, M.
Merder, T.
Warzecha, P.
Hutny, A. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353743.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
steelmaking
continuous casting
tundish
numerical modelling
Opis:
The presented results of investigations are part of a larger study focused on the optimization of the flow and mixing of liquid steel in the industrial tundish of continuous casting machine. The numerical simulations were carried out concern the analysis of hydrodynamic conditions of liquid steel flow in a tundish operating in one of the national steelworks. Numerical simulations were performed using the commercial code ANSYS Fluent. The research concerns two different speeds of steel casting. In real conditions, these speeds are the most commonly used in the technological process when casting two different groups of steel. As a result of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations, predicted spatial distributions of velocity and liquid steel turbulence fields and residence time distribution (RTD) curves were obtained. The volume fractions of different flows occurring in the tundish were also calculated. The results of the research allowed a detailed analysis of the influence of casting speed on the formation of hydrodynamic conditions prevailing in the reactor.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 65-70
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of mould powder on slab lubrication
Wpływ zasypki krystalizatorowej na smarowanie płaskiego wlewka ciągłego
Autorzy:
Kania, H.
Nowacki, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355796.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
mould powder
continuous casting
steel
lubrication
Opis:
The paper presents results of industrial experiments with application of mould powders characterized with similar chemical composition, with different density and form: pulverized, granulated and formed. Impact of mould powder form on intensity of lubrication and its consumption is defined on the basis of the results of industrial tests of continuous casting of low carbon steel, 1030x220 mm format.
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentów przemysłowych z zastosowaniem zasypki krystalizatorowej posiadajacej jednakowy skład chemiczny lecz rózniacej sie postacia i gestoscia: proszkowa, granulowana i formowana. Wpływ postaci zasypki krystalizatorowej na intensywnosc smarowania i jej zuzycie okreslono na podstawie wyników przemysłowych odlewania na urzadzeniu COS stali niskoweglowej w formacie 1030x220 mm.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 4; 981-986
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mathematical modelling of the continuous casting of blooms and beam blanks
Autorzy:
Gomes, Daniela Fátima
Braga, Bernardo Martins
Tavares, Roberto Parreiras
Bagatini, Maurício Covcevich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29520129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
continuous casting
mathematical modeling
beam blank
bloom
Opis:
Defects and discontinuities generated in continuous casting are directly related to heat transfer during the process and the stresses to which the material is subjected. Knowledge of these phenomena is essential for both process safety and the quality of the final product. The aim of this work is to analyze the thermo-mechanical behavior of blooms and beam blanks during continuous casting. The continuous casting machine considered in this study is used to cast both blooms and beam blanks. The secondary cooling can be divided into cooling zone z0, cooling zone z1, cooling zone z2, and cooling zone z3. For each geometry, there are specific molds, z0, z1, z2 (sprays and support rollers), which need to be replaced when there is a geometry shift. The changing of the cooling segments brings security risks for the operators and reduces the continuous casting availability. Therefore, it is desired to have a common z2 for both blooms and beam blanks to reduce operational risk exposure and increase the machine production rate. For this to be possible, it is necessary to assess the temperature and resistance of the solidified skin, the effects of thermal stresses, ferrostatic pressure, and contact stresses. This work is the first step in this study. A thermo-mechanical model was developed for both geometries. The thermal model was verified by temperature measurement and shell measurements of blackouts. Finally, the results were analyzed and compared.
Źródło:
Computer Methods in Materials Science; 2021, 21, 3; 149-156
2720-4081
2720-3948
Pojawia się w:
Computer Methods in Materials Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental Methods of Validation for Numerical Simulation Results on Steel Flow through Tundish
Autorzy:
Pieprzyca, J.
Warzecha, P.
Merder, T.
Warzecha, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
continuous casting
tundish
physical modelling
numerical modeling
Opis:
The article presents experimental results on the impact of tundish flow regulator influencing the liquid steel flow course. The research was conducted based on the hybrid modelling methods understood as a complementary use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods and physical modelling. Dynamic development of numerical simulation techniques and accessibility to highly advanced and specialized software causes the fact that these techniques are commonly used for solving problems related to liquid flows by using analytical methods. Whereas, physical modelling is an important cognitive tool in the field of empirical identification of these phenomena. This allows for peer review and specification of the researched problems. By exploiting these relationships, a comparison of the obtained results was performed in the form of residence time distribution (RTD) curves and visualization of particular types of liquid steel flow distribution zones in the investigated tundish.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2057-2060
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of the Superheat Temperature on the Slab Structure in the Continuous Steel Casting Process
Autorzy:
Drożdż, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
superheat temperature
continuous casting of steel
ProCAST
Opis:
The temperature of liquid steel for continuous casting determines the casting speed and cooling conditions. The failure to meet the required casting process parameters may result in obtaining slabs of inconsistent quality. Numerical methods allow forreal processes to be modelled. There are professional computer programs on the market, so the results of the simulations allow us to understand the processes that occur during casting and solidification of a slab. The study attempts to evaluate the impact of the superheat temperature on the slab structure based on the industrial operating parameters of the continuous casting machine.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1287-1293
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of the Technological Parameters Process for Continuously Cast Brass Ingot
Autorzy:
Bydałek, A. W.
Kwaśniewski, P.
Schlafka, P.
Wołczyński, W.
Najman, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
brass
continuous casting
recycling
mosiądz
odlewanie ciągłe
recykling
Opis:
This article discusses issues related to continuous casting of brass. The tested material was CuZn39Pb2 brass with the use of continuous casting and different parameters of the process. The position consists of a melting furnace with a graphite refining pot of about 4000 cm3 chuting capacity, a graphite crystallizer of 9,5 mm nominal diameter, a primary and secondary cooling system and an extracting system as well. The analysis was carried out in terms of technological parameters of the process and type of charge. Highlighted: feedrate ingot, number of stops, and technological temperatures. The surface quality of the obtained ingots and the structure were analyzed. The most favorable conditions were indicated and technological recommendations indicated. They have been distinguished for ingots for plasticity and other technologies. Favorable casting conditions are low feed and low temperature. Due to the presence of impurities coming from the charge it is disadvantageous to have Ni greater than 0.053% by mass, and Fe more than 0.075% by mass. It is recommended to maintain a high zinc content in the melt which is associated with non-overheating of the metal during casting and earlier melting.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 9-14
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numeryczny model wlewka ciągłego i jego zastosowanie do symulacji procesu ciągłego odlewania wlewków kwadratowych ze stali konstrukcyjnej
Numerical model of continuously cast strand and its application for simulation of continuous casting of structural steel blooms
Autorzy:
Burbelko, A.
Kapturkiewicz, W.
Kudliński, Z.
Pieprzyca, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/182404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Metalurgii Żelaza im. Stanisława Staszica
Tematy:
odlewanie ciągłe
symulacja numeryczna
continuous casting
numerical simulation
Opis:
Przedstawiono założenia wyjściowe i wyniki modelowania krzepnięcia wlewków stalowych o przekroju kwadratowym 160×160 mm odlewanych ze stali gatunku B1 w łukowej instalacji COS. Przeprowadzono modelowanie krzepnięcia wlewków. W modelowaniu wykorzystano oprogramowanie ProCAST (ESI Group). Wykazano możliwość prognozowania pola temperatury we wlewku oraz profilu przestrzennego strefy ciekłej i dwufazowej (ciekło-stałej).
The input assumptions and simulation results for solidification modelling of 160×160 mm blooms produced from low alloy structural steel in the bow - type continuous casting machine are presented. The modelling of solidification was carried out by means of ProCAST software (ESI Group). The abilities of forecasting the temperature field in the cast strand as well as space distribution of liquid and two-phase (liquid and solid) fraction are shown.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza; 2012, T. 64, nr 1, 1; 41-47
0137-9941
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of Fluid Flow and Solidification in Billet Caster Continuous Casting Mold with Electromagnetic Stirring
Autorzy:
Maurya, A.
Kumar Jha, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351082.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
continuous casting
mold
electromagnetic stirring
fluid flow
solidification
Opis:
Electromagnetic stirrer generates swirling fluid flow, boosts the mixing of molten steel near the solidification front and enhances the quality of the continuously cast products. In the present investigation, attention is paid towards studying the effect of in-mold electromagnetic stirring on fluid flow and solidification. A three-dimensional coupled mathematical model of solidification and magnetohydrodynamics has been established for billet caster mold. The alternating magnetic field is applied to the solidification model where fluid flow, heat transfer, and electromagnetic equations are solved simultaneously. It has been found that an increase in field frequency decreases the length of stirring and the liquid fraction of the steel at the center of the mold exit. Tangential velocity near the solidification front increases with the magnetic field frequency or flux density, due to which, a break in solidified shell near stirrer position is predicted whose width increases accordingly.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 413-424
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Visual Detection Method of Longitudinal Crack Based on Computer Image Processing During Slab Continuous Casting
Autorzy:
Liu, Y.
Wang, X.
Sun, Y.
Du, F.
Gao, Y.
Wang, F.
Wang, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351636.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
longitudinal crack
visual detection
image processing
continuous casting
Opis:
Based on the mould temperature measured by thermocouples during slab continuous casting, a difference of temperature thermograph is developed to detect slab cracks. In order to detect abnormal temperature region caused by longitudinal crack, the suspicious regions are extracted and divided by virtue of computer image processing algorithms, such as threshold segmentation, connected region judgement and boundary tracing. The abnormal regions are then determined and labeled with the eight connected component labeling algorithm. The boundary of abnormal region is also extracted to depict characteristics of longitudinal crack. Based on above researches, longitudinal crack with abnormal temperature region can be detected and is different from other abnormalities. Four samples of temperature drop are picked up to compare with longitudinal crack on the abnormal region formation, length, width, shape, et al. The results show that the abnormal region caused by longitudinal crack has a linear and vertical shape. The height of abnormal region is more than the width obviously. The ratio of height to width is usually larger than that of other temperature drop regions. This method provides a visual and easy way to detect longitudinal crack and other abnormities. Meanwhile it has a positive meaning to the intelligent and visual mould monitoring system of continuous casting.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 673-680
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Cooling Conditions on a Slabs Chill Zone Formation During Continuous Casting of Steel
Autorzy:
Dróżdż, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
crystallisation
chilled grains
continuous casting of steel
ProCAST
Opis:
The cooling conditions of a slab during continuous casting of steel have an impact on the crystalline structure formation. Numerical methods allow real processes to be modelled. Professional computer programs are available on the market, so the results of their simulations allow us to understand the processes that occur during the casting and solidification of the slab. The study attempts to evaluate the impact of the intensity of the secondary cooling on the chilled zone size. The calculations show the differences in the structure of a slab cast with various speeds while maintaining industrial cooling parameters during operation of a continuous casting machine.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 911-918
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of Solidification of Continuously Cast Steel Round Billets Using Numerical Modellin
Autorzy:
Tkadleckova, M.
Válek, L.
Socha, L.
Saternus, M.
Pieprzyca, J.
Merder, T.
Michalek, K.
Kováč, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353911.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
steel
billet
continuous casting
numerical modelling
metallurgical length
Opis:
The paper is dedicated to the verification of solidification of continuously cast round steel billets using numerical modelling based on the finite element method. The aim of numerical modelling is to optimize the production of continuously cast steel billets of round format. The paper describes the pre-processing, processing and post-processing phases of numerical modelling. Also, the problems with determination of the thermodynamic properties of materials and the heat transfer between the individual parts of the casting system, including the definition of the heat losses along the casting strand in the primary and secondary cooling, were discussed. The first results of numerical simulation show the so-called thermal steady state of continuous casting. The temperature field, the metallurgical length and the thickness of the shell at the end of the mould were predicted. The further research will be concentrated on the prediction the risk of the cracks and the porosity based on the different boundary conditions.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 1; 221-226
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical simulation of the molten steel flow in the tundish of CSC machine
Symulacja numeryczna przepływu ciekłej stali w kadzi pośredniej urządzenia COS
Autorzy:
Sowa, L.
Bokota, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356209.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
continuous casting
tundish
molten metal flow
numerical simulation
Opis:
The mathematical and numerical simulation model of the liquid steel flow in a tundish is presented in this paper. The problem was treated as a complex one. The velocity fields are obtained by solving the momentum equations and the continuity equation, whereas the thermal fields are calculated by solving the conduction equation with the convection term. One takes into consideration in the mathematical model the changes of thermophysical parameters depending on the temperature. The problem was solved by the finite element method. The one-strand slab tundish is used to casting slabs. The internal work space of the tundish was modified by flow control devices. The first device was a striker pad situated in the pouring tundish zone. The second device was a baffle with three holes. The main purpose of using these was to put barriers in the steel flow path as well as give directional metal flow upwards which facilitated inclusion floatation. The visualization of interaction of flow control devices on hydrodynamic conditions was received from numerical simulations. As a result of the computations carried out, the liquid steel flow and steel temperature fields were obtained. The influences of the tundish modifications on the velocity fields in liquid phase of the steel were estimated, because these have essential an influence on high-quality of a continuous steel cast slab.
W pracy przedstawiono model matematyczny i numeryczny przepływu ciekłej stali w kadzi pośredniej urządzenia ciagłego odlewania. Zadanie potraktowano kompleksowo. Pola prędkości otrzymano z rozwiązania równań Naviera-Stokesa i równania ciagłości przepływu, natomiast pola temperatury z rozwiązania równania przewodnictwa z członem konwekcyjnym. Uwzględniono zmianę parametrów termofizycznych od temperatury. Problem rozwiązano metodą elementów skończonych. Do rozważań wybrano jednowylewowa kadź pośrednia przeznaczona do odlewania wlewków płaskich. Przestrzeń robocza kadzi pośredniej została zmodyfikowana i zabudowana urządzeniami sterującymi przepływem ciekłej stali. Pierwszym urządzeniem był amortyzator kadzi pośredniej umieszczony w strefie jej zasilania. Drugim urządzeniem była przegroda z trzema oknami przelewowymi. Głównym celem użycia tych urządzeń było umieszczenie przeszkód na drodze przepływu stali wymuszających spokojne mieszanie cieczy metalicznej jak również ukierunkowanie płynięcia metalu w górę umożliwiające flotacyjne unoszenie wtrąceń do warstwy żużla. Wizualizacje oddziaływania zabudowy kadzi pośredniej na warunki hydrodynamiczne uzyskano na podstawie wyników otrzymanych z symulacji komputerowej przepływu ciekłej stali. W wyniku obliczeń numerycznych otrzymano pola predkości i temperatury ciekłej stali. Badano w ten sposób wpływ modyfikacji wnętrza kadzi na pola prędkości w fazie ciekłej stali, które maja istotny wpływ na jakość wlewka ciagłego odlewania.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 4; 1163-1169
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Thermophysical Parameters on Temperature Distribution in the Primary Cooling Zone
Autorzy:
Miłkowska-Piszczek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/958194.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
continuous casting of steel
enthalpy
numerical modelling
ProCAST
Opis:
The values of thermophysical properties obtained from the experimental research, and those that were calculated with thermodynamic databases, are crucial parameters which were used in the numerical modelling of the steel solidification process. This paper presents the results of research on the impact of specific heat and enthalpy, along with the method of their implementation, on temperature distribution in the primary cooling zone in the continuous steel casting process. A cast slab – with dimensions of 1100 mm and 220 mm and a S235 steel grade – was analysed. A mould with a submerged entry nozzle (SEN), based on the actual dimensions of the slab continuous casting machine, was implemented. The research problem was solved with the finite element method using the ProCAST software package. Simulations were conducted using the “THERMAL + FLOW” module.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2079-2082
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 110

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies