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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    O zasadach wiedzy technicznej w budownictwie
    Technical knowledge in the construction industry
    Autorzy:
    Karkoszka, Piotr
    Wojtkiewicz, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/163348.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polski Związek Inżynierów i Techników Budownictwa
    Tematy:
    wiedza techniczna
    sztuka budowlana
    prawo budowlane
    kodeks cywilny
    roboty budowlane
    dokumentacja wykonawcza
    technical knowledge
    construction art
    construction law
    civil code
    construction works
    execution documentation
    Opis:
    Termin „zasady wiedzy technicznej” został zastąpiony szeroko rozumianym pojęciem „sztuki budowlanej”. Obecnie te dwa terminy są stosowane przez prawników zamiennie. Osoby wykonujące samodzielne funkcje techniczne w budownictwie zobowiązane są do stosowania wiedzy technicznej w zakresie koniecznym do zaprojektowania, wykonania i eksploatacji danego obiektu budowlanego. Warunkiem uzyskania uprawnień budowlanych jest zdanie egzaminu ze znajomości procesu budowlanego oraz umiejętności praktycznego zastosowania wiedzy technicznej.
    Principles of technical knowledge in the construction sector and construction art. The term „principles of technical knowledge” replaced the term „construction art”. Currently, these two terms are used by lawyers interchangeably. Persons performing independent construction and operations of a given building. The conditio for obtaining building qualifications is passing an exam in the knowledge of the construction process and the prfactical application of technical knowledge.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Budowlany; 2019, 90, 6; 34-38
    0033-2038
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Budowlany
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zarys historii sztuki witrażowniczej na ziemiach polskich
    Outline of the history of stained glass art in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Wolska, K
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/168993.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych
    Tematy:
    witraż
    historia
    konstrukcja
    światło
    sztuka sakralna
    stained glass
    history
    construction
    light
    sacred art
    Opis:
    Artykuł ukazuje dzieje witrażu od początków państwa polskiego do chwili obecnej z zaznaczeniem najcenniejszych przykładów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem okresów największego rozwoju tego rzemiosła, czyli średniowiecza i secesji.
    The article presents history of glass art from the beginning of Polish state until present moment describing the most important examples highlighting periods of the greatest development of this craft i.e. Middle Ages and Art Nouveau. The outline contains history of stained glass from the first pieces of stained glass found in Kalisz on which small painted and scratched ornaments were discovered. The composition of used glass is known by chemical analysis what gives us knowledge of contemporary technology. The author discuss also medieval examples of stained glass from Kraków, Toruń, Włocławek and Chełmno. In Modern Times stained glass art lost its importance and is used rarely replaced by other decorative motifs.
    Źródło:
    Szkło i Ceramika; 2013, R. 64, nr 5, 5; 21-24
    0039-8144
    Pojawia się w:
    Szkło i Ceramika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kolos rodyjski: gdzie stał i jak był wykonany
    Autorzy:
    Wujewski, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909481.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-05-07
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    art of ancient Greece
    Hellenistic period
    Colossus of Rhodes
    problems of location and construction technique
    Opis:
    Colossus of Rhodes: Where It Stood and How It Was Made The author, just as Ursula Vedder, who has expressed the same opinion recently, has been long sure that the place where the Colossus of Rhodes was located was the acropolis of the town of Rhodes. The paper includes also some arguments that have not been presented by the German scholar. At first, some source information concerning the Colossus has been briefly summarized. For instance, the expression in APV, 171 (Overbeck 1543), ou gar hyper pelagos monon anthesan alla kai en ga, may be understood as confirming its location in the acropolis: “it stood not only close to the sea, but also on the earth.” In fact, there it would have loomed over the land and the sea, and, as big as it was, it could be seen from a distance. The text by Philo of Byzantium is not credible, as it was written quite late. Then the problem has been analyzed critically. As regards the legend of Colossus bestriding the entrance to the harbor, one may add to the already listed counterarguments that for static reasons a piece of sculpture shaped that way would have needed a third footing attached to the sea bottom at the harbor entrance, which would have made the ships’ access to the harbor difficult. Besides, such a pose of a god would have seemed a little indecent. A hypothesis that situates the Colossus at the end of a pier in the Mandraki Bay, preferred by many scholars, also has its weak points. Placed there, the construction site would have been too small, particularly that construction took at least twelve years, and it would have been difficult to move building materials along the narrow and long pier which under such circumstances could not be used as part of the harbor. According to Strabo (XIV, 2, 5) the harbor was accessible only to authorized personnel. Was it then a good location for a work of art intended to glorify the people of Rhodes? Even if the Colossus had been accessible there, it would have been visible only in a shortened perspective, in frog’s eye view. Still, the most important was the problem of proper display of the statue. Placed on the pier, it would have to turn its back either to the town, or to the sea, and in both cases connotations would have been unwelcome. Such details were essential for ancient Greeks. For static and constructional reasons, one must also reject a hypothesis that the Colossus put his palm over the eyes, as if examining the horizon. If it is true that the relics of the statue remained for several hundred years intact, they would have blocked access to the harbor since most probably they would have fallen into the sea. Besides, would the iron elements have resisted corrosion well enough to be recognizable? Placed on the pier, the Colossus would have been invisible to the crews of ships approaching the town from the west and the same would have been true had it been situated at the present location of the palace of the Great Masters of the Knights Hospitaller. The placement of the statue in the sanctuary of Helios at the present corner of Sofouli and Khimaras streets is also improbable, since the area is really small and the Colossus would not have made a prominent component of the town skyline. Hence, the acropolis must have been the most convenient place, just as in other Greek towns, particularly in Athens where it was the site of the city patron’s worship. Some scholars argue that the temple in the acropolis was dedicated to Apollo, but when the Colossus was constructed Apollo was commonly identified with Helios who was the most important patron of the island. The statue, with his face turned to the east – the town and the sea – might have stood near that temple (ill. 1-2), towering over it. From the west, the steep rock of the acropolis practically made it impossible to watch the Colossus from the western shore, while from the sea it was visible only as a silhouette, an orientation point for the approaching ships (ill. 3), particularly if it was gilded like the statue of Athena Promachos in Athens. This can actually be the origin of the legend that the Colossus of Rhodes was also a lighthouse. Situated in the acropolis, the statue would have been visible both from the town and the sea on both sides of the island. If the damaged Colossus remained intact for centuries, it was because removing it from the acropolis was much more difficult than removing from the wharf. The noun “colossus” originally meant “something towering” (cf. Colossae and Colophon, towns upon hills). The other part of the paper focuses on the technology of construction. Some scholars were too eager to draw from Philo’s description conclusions about the Colossus’ structure and the building methods applied. If the statue had stood at the end of the pier, most likely it would not have been hilled up since the area was too small. Due to the pressure of dirt, boarding such an embankment (A. Gabriel’s claim) would have required 40-45 meter long struts for which there was no room. Moreover, with each subsequent raising of the embankment the struts would have to be multiplied and made much longer, which would have been both costly and technologically challenging. With each new layer of dirt, founding furnaces would have to be removed (as, according to Gabriel, they were located on the embankment) and then put back. A high embankment would have required the use of gigantic ladders, unstable and dangerous. What is more, it would have made it impossible to control the form of the work in progress. All that would have been irrational, while ancient Greeks do not really deserve such a charge. In the author’s opinion, the Colossus was erected within a wooden scaffolding. Founding particular elements of the statue on site was rather unlikely. An external dirt coat would not have helped since there was no clay core inside it, which would have made the alloy’s cooling speed radically unequal. Partial casting is also unlikely as it would have required a 1:1 model (30-35 meters high). Had the model been smaller, errors in calculating detailed measurements would have been inevitable. The author believes that the Colossus of Rhodes was made of hammered bronze sheets riveted to the inner metal skeleton. Such a technique made vertical transportation easier and allowed the constructors to correct the process of montage by bending the sheets whenever necessary. It cannot be excluded that the heads of the rivets and lines of contact between the sheets were masked with solders that did not require much alloy, although in higher sections of the statue the wind would have cooled it quite rapidly. The noun “colossus” did not originally imply a gigantic size but only a slightly archaic look of the sculpture so that the Colossus of Rhodes might have been somewhat similar to very ancient and artistically primitive stiff statues of Helios. On the other hand, it might have alluded to the mythic Telchins who were the first to make statues of gods. (For static reasons, contrapposto was out of the question in the statues of that size, besides it would have been impossible to fill its interior with stones.) Another aspect of making the Colossus look archaic was the use of a modified technique of sphyrelaton. In the author’s opinion, the base of the statue and maybe its higher parts as well, up to the level of ankles, contained carefully sized and braced blocks of stone. They were drilled through to hold the lower ends of the metal internal skeleton made according to the schema of a spatial grid, perhaps used on that occasion for the first time in history. Such a fixture protected the Colossus from the wind pressure so effectively that it remained standing for dozens of years, being vulnerable to earthquakes. The fallen Colossus must have looked like a debris of rods and tin, while the stones from the fixture could be seen in the “abyss” (Plinius), below the level of the ankles, where the structure was actually bent (it must have been bent there rather than at the level of the knees, since looking inside the ruin was easy: the ankles were situated about two meters above the base.) The third footing point might have been camouflaged with some attribute (a spear or a torch). It cannot be excluded that originally Chares had been planning a statue half the final size, similar to the previously known colossal pieces of sculpture, but the pride of the people of Rhodes, emulating Athenians, made them want a Colossus twice as big (Sextus Empiricus, pros mathem., VII, 107 n.). Making the statue look archaic and using an old technology plus some innovations allowed Chares to make their extravagant wish come true. The archaic look might have been achieved thanks to a reference to some old statue of Helios, which perhaps could be found in the neighboring temple. The torso might have been topped with the head, cast separately, although the trouble with placing it so high makes one doubt it. 
    Źródło:
    Artium Quaestiones; 2018, 29; 289-320
    0239-202X
    Pojawia się w:
    Artium Quaestiones
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The construction layer of the garden. Framework for building composition
    Warstwa konstrukcyjna ogrodu. Ramy do budowania kompozycji
    Autorzy:
    Myszka, Izabela
    Augustyniak, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161224.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    art
    garden composition
    garden construction
    garden elements
    elementy ogrodowe
    kompozycja ogrodu
    konstrukcja ogrodu
    ogród
    sztuka
    Opis:
    The garden has always been understood as a place sanctified by values that cause excitement and rapture in man. He became a character or a background, a scenery for other plays. The garden as a work has its frame - a structure on which all other garden elements, both decorative and functional, are 'hung'. Construction layer considerations include a fencing with an entrance, secondary fencing, a road, a house as the center, and dead trees. Understanding the priority we give to construction in garden design, and the function and importance of the elements in this layer, organizes thinking about the garden composition and allows you to understand the content encoded in the works of garden art and inspired by the garden.
    Ogród zawsze rozumiany był jako miejsce uświęcone wartościami powodującymi w człowieku wzbudzenie i uniesienie. Stawał się postacią bądź tłem, scenografią dla sztuk innych. Ogród jako dzieło ma swoją ramę – konstrukcję, na której ‘zawieszane’ są wszystkie pozostałe elementy ogrodowe, zarówno dekoracyjne i użytkowe. Rozważania dotyczące warstwy konstrukcyjnej obejmują ogrodzenie z wejściem, ogrodzenia dodatkowe, drogę, dom jako centrum oraz martwe drzewa. Rozumienie pierwszeństwa jakie dajemy konstrukcji w projektowaniu ogrodu, oraz funkcji i znaczenia elementów w tej warstwie, porządkuje myślenia o ogrodowej kompozycji i pozwala rozumieć treść zakodowaną w dziełach sztuki ogrodowej i ogrodem inspirowanych.
    Źródło:
    Przestrzeń i Forma; 2022, 51; 217--238
    1895-3247
    2391-7725
    Pojawia się w:
    Przestrzeń i Forma
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Between Political Myths, Dormant Resentments, and Redefinition of the Recent History: A Case Study of Serbian National Identity
    Autorzy:
    Wygnańska, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1024390.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-04-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Discursive Construction of National Identity
    Serbian National Identity
    Case Study
    Research Findings
    Critical Discourse Analysis
    Public Art Messages
    Opis:
    The subject of the article concerns the issue of constructing and reconstructing national identity. The object of interest here is a sociological case study of Serbian national identity. It includes reconstruction and interpretation of in-depth interviews conducted in Serbia with the representatives of Serbian symbolic elites. The concept of symbolic elites is approached in the discussed research from Teun van Dijk’s perspective. Thus, they are individuals and groups directly involved in the production of public opinion, who have an impact on the content of publicly available knowledge, and the creation and legitimization of public discourse. The work is embedded in the methodological framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and is based on the assumptions of the Discourse‐Historical Approach (DHA). In this optics, the most important thing is the historical and social context of the studied process of the discursive construction of national identity. Therefore, the conclusions also touch upon the historical, political, and social perspective of the formation of Serbian national identity. The reflection also aims at presenting the analysis from the contemporary perspective (mainly in 2008-2020). Thus, paying attention to the political divisions in Serbia and the country’s road to democratization and European integration, the discussed research study shows the comprehensive specifics of the studied national identity.
    Źródło:
    Qualitative Sociology Review; 2021, 17, 2; 38-68
    1733-8077
    Pojawia się w:
    Qualitative Sociology Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dwaj ludzie z szafą w perspektywie genologicznej
    Two People With a Wardrobe in a Genological Perspective
    Autorzy:
    Hendrykowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/918057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-06-13
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    short film
    art of film
    genre
    film of fiction
    reality
    construction
    composition
    condensation
    language of moving images
    narrator
    narrative
    story
    plot
    continuity
    discontinuity
    heroes
    conflict
    coincidentia oppositorum
    Opis:
    Parabola is the essence of the short film Two Men and a Wardrobe (and likewise Mammals and The Fat and the Lean). Parabola is dominant of the genre, not merely an occasional and distinguishing attribute. In its interior, we find traces of other genres. These include noir comedy, slapstick burlesque, existential drama, the thriller, and drama of the absurd, grotesque and macabre. The poetic dimension of Polanski’s short film, in which reality confronts and permeates the skilfully constructed and captivating fantasy presented by the artist, allowing all the elements of the genre to be combined into a common whole.
    Źródło:
    Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication; 2014, 15, 24; 171-180
    1731-450X
    Pojawia się w:
    Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    BIM jako narzędzie przyszłości w projektowaniu i rewitalizacji obiektów budowlanych
    BIM as a tool for the future development and the revitalization of buildings
    Autorzy:
    Walczak, Z.
    Szymczak-Graczyk, A.
    Walczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/161176.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polski Związek Inżynierów i Techników Budownictwa
    Tematy:
    budowla
    BIM
    modelowanie informacji o budynku
    rozwój technologii
    narzędzie projektowe
    narzędzie rewitalizacji
    stan aktualny
    Świat
    Polska
    construction
    building information modelling
    technology development
    design tool
    revitalization tool
    state of the art
    World
    Polska
    Opis:
    Technologie BIM coraz częściej i szerzej są wykorzystywane w Polsce w procesie projektowania i realizacji inwestycji. Korzyści płynące ze stosowania BIM są dostrzegane zarówno przez projektantów, jak i inwestorów. W artykule pokrótce przedstawiono technologie, podstawowe zagadnienia, definicje i standardy BIM. Przeanalizowano również stanu rozwoju i perspektyw wdrożenia BIM w Polsce.
    BIM technology is increasingly and widely used in Poland in the design and realization of investments. The benefits of BIM are perceived by both designers and investors. The article briefly presents the technologies, basic concepts, definitions and standards for BIM. Also analyzed the state of development and perspectives of implementation of BIM in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Budowlany; 2017, 88, 1; 20-26
    0033-2038
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Budowlany
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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