Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "computer assisted language learning" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
QUIZLET IN THE EFL CLASSROOM: ENHANCING ACADEMIC VOCABULARY ACQUISITION OF JAPANESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Autorzy:
Dizon, Gilbert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
Computer-Assisted Language Learning
mobile-assisted language learning
vocabulary
Opis:
This study examined the efficacy of using Quizlet, a popular online study tool, to develop L2 English vocabulary. A total of 9 Japanese university EFL students participated in the study. The learners studied Coxhead’s (2001) academic vocabulary list (AWL) via Quizlet over the course of 10 weeks. Results of the pre- and post-tests revealed that the learners were able to make statistically significant gains. Moreover, a questionnaire administered by the researcher indicated that the students had positive perceptions of Quizlet to study L2 vocabulary. Specifically, all three constructs studied – perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention to use Quizlet – had mean scores greater than 4 on a 5-point Likert scale, indicating a high-level of agreement. Based on these findings, the author supports the use of Quizlet in the EFL classroom.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2016, 16, 2; 40-56
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE E-LEARNING COMPONENT OF A BLENDED LEARNING COURSE
Autorzy:
Olejarczuk, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/940853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
Computer Assisted Language Learning
blended learning
e-learning
course design
Opis:
Using new technologies in the academic field has become more and more visible in Poland in the recent years. In the past, digital learning resources were used as supplementary materials helping to support face-to-face instruction. Nowadays, we have the opportunity not only to apply ‘traditional’ methods but also to use more sophisticated approaches such as e-learning and blended learning (BL) to provide more effective and flexible ways of delivering knowledge to students. E-learning can become a very effective part of ‘blended learning’ where a part of the course content is delivered online. This article provides a brief overview of the basic issues that need to be taken into consideration while designing a blended learning course. More precisely, it focuses on the e-learning aspect of blended learning. It also aims at providing the reader with adopted solutions and encountered problems in the process of BL course design.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2014, 14, 3; 58-68
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An exploratory case study to investigate perceived pronunciation errors in Thai primary school students using audio-visual speech recognition
Autorzy:
Graham, Steven
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
Speech recognition software
audio visual
English
computer assisted language learning
Opis:
An explorative case study has been conducted at a small rural school in the north east of Thailand to investigate the pronunciation errors that primary school students make when reading English aloud. This paper illustrates the opportunities and challenges of employing speech recognition software in rural classrooms by using it with specifically designed audio-visual materials based on the Thai curriculum to identify English language reading and pronunciation difficulties. A comparison is made between this study and published literature.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2021, 21, 4; 3-18
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
INTERMEDIATE GREEK EFL LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES TO ON-LINE TEACHING PRACTICES: A BLENDED TASK-BASED ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING APPROACH
Autorzy:
Liontou, Trisevgeni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
on-line teaching practices
Computer-Assisted Language Learning
English Language Learning
students’ attitudes
Opis:
This paper reports on a one-year longitudinal study that adopted a blended teaching approach based on designing and implementing an online EFL course to be used by Greek students aged 13-14 years old along their more traditional face-to-face lessons. The reason for creating a more dynamic learning environment aligned with the rest of the curriculum was to increase EFL learners’ engagement and motivation through their exposure to authentic online material and participation in a variety of reading, writing, speaking and listening tasks. Data analysis of pre- and post-achievement tests on English language reading comprehension performance along with students’ Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) attitude questionnaire showed that participants generally had a positive attitude toward CALL. At the same time, open online access technologies gave them the opportunity to further develop their EFL reading comprehension skills. The paper concludes by highlighting the fact that online class components were not designed to fit the online tools into a task-based EFL lesson, but rather served the learning objectives of the actual lesson based on a blended teaching approach.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2015, 15, 2; 81-93
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR ICT-BASED COLLEGE ENGLISH COURSE IN CHINA: A CASE STUDY
Autorzy:
Zinan, Wen
Sai, George Teoh Boon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955647.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
ICT-based English Course
College English Course
Computer-Assisted Language Learning
Opis:
This study investigated foreign language students’ perceptions about their Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based College English Course (CEC) in China. The research used a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire based on Simsek (2008). A factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the questionnaire and 6 factors were delineated. 200 non-English majors who responded mentioned that ICT was well integrated into the CEC. They reported that the ICT-based CEC gave them a good environment for independent learning and they were more motivated to learn English as they had more opportunities to communicate, interact and cooperate with other students in English using authentic language in a variety of contexts. They found learning was more effective compared to the traditional learning environment; it provided freer learning environment, less restricted communication, more time flexibility and more self-scheduled study plan ensuring learner-centeredness and learning autonomy.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2017, 17, 3; 53-76
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Automatically generated language learning exercises for Finno-Ugric languages
Autorzy:
Ferenczi, Zsanett
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40221007.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
natural language processing
computer-assisted language learning
virtual flashcards
Finno-Ugric languages
Opis:
Morphologically rich languages always constitute a great challenge for language learners. The learner must be able to understand the information encoded in different word forms of the same root and to generate the correct word form to express certain syntactic functions and grammatical relations by conjugating a verb or declining a noun, an adjective or a pronoun. One way to improve one’s language skills is through exercises that focus on certain aspects of grammar. In this paper, a language learning application is presented that is intended to help learners of Finnish and Hungarian (with Hungarian and Finnish L1, respectively) acquire new vocabulary items, as well as practice some grammar aspects that according to surveys are considered difficult by learners of these languages with the other Finno-Ugric language being the learner’s native tongue, while alleviating the need to create these exercises manually. This application is a result of an on-going research project. In this research project, bilingual translation pairs and additional monolingual data were collected that can be utilized to build language learning exercises and an online bilingual dictionary with the help of automatic methods. Several linguistic patterns and rules were defined in order to automatically select example sentences that focus on a given part of the target language. These sentences were automatically annotated with the help of language processing tools. Due to the large size of the previously collected data sets, to date, only a subset of the analyzed sentences and the bilingual translation pairs has been manually evaluated. The results of this evaluation are discussed in this paper in order to estimate the precision of the methodology presented here. To ensure the precision of the information and the reliability of the application, only manually validated data sets are displayed. In this project, continuous data validation is planned, since it leads to more and more examples and vocabulary items that learners can benefit from.
Źródło:
Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2023, 9; 23-35
2450-5188
Pojawia się w:
Linguistics Beyond and Within
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computer-mediated communication as an autonomy-enhancement tool for advanced learners of English
Autorzy:
Wach, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781009.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Computer-mediated communication
computer-assisted language learning (CALL)
learner autonomy
learning beyond the classroom
Opis:
This article examines the relevance of modern technology for the development of learner autonomy in the process of learning English as a foreign language. Computer-assisted language learning and computer mediated communication (CMC) appear to be particularly conducive to fostering autonomous learning, as they naturally incorporate many elements of autonomy that give learners control over and responsibility for their own learning, such as choosing the materials used, managing their contact with various genres and types of interaction, often in authentic contexts, and evaluating their own progress, measured through their success in understanding and conveying meanings. However, providing access to language resources does not automatically lead to the development of autonomy, as much depends on other factors, such as the learners’ level or previous experience in learner training. The present study investigated whether advanced learners of English made use of out-of-class CMC engagement for the purpose of learning English autonomously. The results indicate that most of the participants were eager to use CMC opportunities to deliberately practice their English, although, quite naturally, leisure and social reasons for using CMC predominated. The expressed willingness to deliberately focus on practicing English during beyond-theclassroom meaning-oriented online interactions confirms the great potential of CMC as an autonomy enhancement tool.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2012, 2, 3; 367-389
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A RESEARCH DESIGN IN TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED SCAFFOLDING IN LANGUAGE TEACHING: WHAT LESSONLAMS CAN OFFER AT THE INTERFACE OF EDUCATIONAL AND LANGUAGE LEARNING RESEARCH
Autorzy:
Campbell, Chris
Smala, Simone
Lim, Jung-Sook (Sue)
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
technology enhanced language learning
Korean as a Foreign Language
LAMS
LessonLAMS
computer assisted language learning
Opis:
This chapter aims to provide a language learning design principle using the Learning Activity Management System (LAMS) as a platform in authentic classroom situations. A LessonLAMS sequence has been developed for this research project and was designed using a ‘Dynamic Scaffolding Technique’ within the learner’s zone of proximal development (ZPD) (Vygotsky & Cole, 1978). Participants for this study were South East Queensland secondary students who are studying Korean as a foreign language as an elective subject. The learning design of the LessonLAMS sequence was incorporated in classroom instruction with the research focus on technology-enhanced learning tasks, which was designed and implemented in the foreign language classroom at the participating school.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2012, 12, 2; 121-131
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS USED IN CALL STUDIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Autorzy:
Akayoğlu, Sedat
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
Computer Assisted Language Learning
theoretical framework
Social Constructivism
Sociocultural Theory
Interactionist Second Language Acquisition
Opis:
In the last three decades, there has been a great interest in the field of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). As a newly flourished area, CALL borrowed or adapted theories from other disciplines, such as second language acquisition, linguistics, psychology and education; however, it is still questioned how these theories are modified, utilized and integrated into CALL research. In this study, the articles published in Computer Assisted Language Learning, System, British Journal of Educational Technology, and Language Learning and Technology between 1997 and 2018 were analyzed and the suggested theoretical frameworks for the research studies were examined. First, the articles without any explicit theoretical frameworks were eliminated. Second, the articles with specific theories were categorized and discussed in categories. At the end of the study, it was found that the prominent theoretical frameworks used in the last two decades were Social Constructivism, Sociocultural Theory, and Interactionist SLA in CALL studies. As for further studies, it can be claimed that these prominent theories will continue to be adopted by the researchers no matter what kind of new tools and platforms emerge for educational purposes. These findings might help researchers to better understand the past and the present situation of CALL research and to design further studies.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2019, 19, 4; 104-118
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ATTITUDE TOWARDS COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: DO GENDER, AGE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL MATTER?
Autorzy:
Tafazoli, Dara
Gómez Parra, M.ª Elena
Huertas Abril, Cristina A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL)
cross-cultural study
attitudes
gender
age
educational level
Opis:
The purpose of the present cross-cultural study was to explore the relationships of second and foreign language teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in terms of their gender, age group, and educational level in two countries, Spain and Iran. The study was based on a sample of 318 language teachers and 307 language students in Iran and Spain. Data collection was carried out through two online questionnaires (108 items) for both teachers and students. To make a sound decision, the researchers decided to utilize the Delphi methodology, which was originally established in order to diagnose the beneficiary of technologies. In the data analysis phase, descriptive, t test and one-way ANOVA analyses were performed to find the answers of the research questions. The findings of the study revealed that there is no difference between the attitudes of Iranian and Spanish towards CALL in terms of gender, age and educational matter. Finally, pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research are presented.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2019, 19, 3; 22-39
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BRINGING TTS SOFTWARE INTO THE CLASSROOM: THE EFFECT OF USING TEXT TO SPEECH SOFTWARE IN TEACHING READING FEATURES
Autorzy:
Meihami, Hussein
Husseini, Fateme
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
Computer-Assisted Language Learning
reading fluency
speech-to-talk software
teaching reading
text-to-speech
Opis:
The aim of this experimental research is to investigate the effect of using Text-To-Speech Software (TTS), one of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) resources in teaching reading, in particular, different aspects of reading fluency. In this study we investigated teaching and learning of word stress, word intonation, pitch contour, and fluency of English reading through TTS. It should be stated that comprehension had been a part of the program but wasn’t investigated in the study. The study indicated that word stress, word intonation, pitch contour, and fluency have significantly improved as a result of using TTS software.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2014, 14, 1; 23-34
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena telekolaboracyjnych projektów pisarskich realizowanych na platformach synchronicznych
Assessing telecollaborative writing activities conducted on synchronous platforms
Autorzy:
Kotuła, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/442931.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
Tematy:
computer-assisted language learning
collaborative writing
assessment
nauczanie języków obcych wspomagane komputerowo
pisanie zespołowe
ewaluacja
Opis:
This article deals with the issue of assessment in the context of telecollaborative writing activities conducted on synchronous platforms such as Google Docs. Based on the research conducted by the author among secondary school students learning French, the attempt is made to discuss various areas of participants’ activity which can be subjected to assessment: text planning, text composition, project management through comments, linguistic corrections, etc. A conclusion is reached that the outcome of collaborative writing projects is greatly determined by how L2 students engage in the process of writing using Web-based word processing tools. In our opinion, it is impossible to consider the creation of a universal assessment grid suitable for all teaching contexts. Instead, a teacher willing to integrate such activities in his curriculum has to show a great deal of flexibility and adaptability.
Źródło:
Neofilolog; 2020, 54/1; 171-187
1429-2173
Pojawia się w:
Neofilolog
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
USING QUIPPER AS AN ONLINE PLATFORM FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Autorzy:
Mulyono, Herri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
Online platform
learning management system (LMS)
teaching and learning English as a foreign language (EFL)
computer-assisted language learning (CALL)
Opis:
This paper evaluates the affordability of Quipper as an online platform for teaching and learning English as a foreign language (EFL). It focuses on the extent to which features available in Quipper may correspond to fundamental components of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) pedagogy, as suggested by Chapelle (2003), including L2-input exposure, interaction and linguistic production. The evaluation results indicate that Quipper is affordable for use as an online teaching and learning EFL platform. More importantly, it corresponds to the three conditions of CALL pedagogy, thus making it a potential aid for activities used in teaching and learning foreign language.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2016, 16, 1; 59-70
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Students perceptions on the use of selected mobile apps in the process of acquiring L2 pronunciation – a preliminary study
Studencka ocena użyteczności korzystania z wybranych aplikacji mobilnych w procesie przyswajania wymowy w drugim języku - badanie pilotażowe
Autorzy:
Matysiak, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/37516835.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Humanistyczno-Ekonomiczna w Łodzi
Tematy:
pronunciation teaching
pronunciation learning
computer-assisted language learning
nauczanie wymowy
uczenie się języka wspomagane komputerowo
aplikacje mobilne do nauki wymowy
Opis:
The accessibility and multimodality of modern technologies make them particularly beneficial for pronunciation learning and teaching. Google Play Store offers more than 300 English pronunciation apps, many of which have received high ratings ranging from 4.5 to 4.9 out of 5 stars. Most of these apps are available for free. Due to their capacity for individualized, customized, self-paced “anytime – anywhere” learning and automated feedback on individual performance and progress, these apps are gaining increasing popularity among English learners worldwide. This paper reports on a small-scale study that examined five of the highest-rated free apps: Elsa Speak – Learning English Pronunciation by ELSA, English Pronunciation 2019 – Correct Pronunciation by Grounders, English Pronunciation by NVG Std, Pronounce It by Maclo Studios, and Quick Pronunciation Tool by Tiago English Tutor. Twenty first-year BA students of English Philology from the University of Łódź participated in the study by testing the five apps and answering questions related to their overall design, utility, potential for learning, teaching, and pronunciation assessment. The results of the study revealed the learners’ practical uses of the apps and their views on the value of using these apps for practising, teaching, and assessing English pronunciation skills.
Powszechna dostępność i multimodalność nowoczesnych technologii czynią je szczególnie użytecznymi w procesie nauczania języka obcego, w tym nauczania wymowy. Sklep internetowy Google Play Store oferuje obecnie ponad 300 aplikacji do nauki wymowy angielskiej. Wiele z nich otrzymało wysokie oceny: od 4,5 do 4,9 na 5 możliwych. Większość z tych aplikacji jest dostępna za darmo. Ze względu na ich zdolność do zindywidualizowanego, dostosowanego do potrzeb ucznia, samodzielnego przyswajania wiedzy na zasadzie „anytime – anywhere” i automatycznej informacji zwrotnej na temat indywidualnych postępów aplikacje te zyskują coraz większą popularność wśród uczących się języka angielskiego na całym świecie. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania pilotażowego, w którym zbadano pięć najwyżej ocenianych darmowych aplikacji: Elsa Speak – Learning English Pronunciation firmy ELSA, English Pronunciation 2019 – Correct Pronunciation firmy Grounders, English Pronunciation – Learn Pronunciation firmy NVG Std, Pronounce It autorstwa Maclo Studios oraz Quick Pronunciation Tool autorstwa Tiago English Tutor. W badaniu wzięło udział 20 studentów pierwszego roku studiów licencjackich filologii angielskiej Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. Studenci testowali pięć aplikacji i odpowiadali na pytania związane z ich wyglądem, użytecznością, potencjałem do samodzielnego uczenia się, nauczania i oceny wymowy. Wyniki badania ujawniły praktyczne zastosowania aplikacji przez uczących się oraz ich opinie na temat wartości wykorzystania tych aplikacji w procesie uczenia się i przyswajania wymowy angielskiej.
Źródło:
Językoznawstwo; 2023, 19, 2; 209-233
1897-0389
2391-5137
Pojawia się w:
Językoznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A QUESTIONNAIRE CONTAINING A CALL COMPONENT FOR STUDENTS OF ESP – PILOT STUDY RESULTS
Autorzy:
Olejarczuk, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036861.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02-17
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
Tematy:
questionnaire
Computer-Assisted Language Learning
English for Specific Purposes
blended learning
kwestionariusz
komputerowe wspomaganie nauki języków obcych
nauczanie języka specjalistycznego
metoda blended learning
Opis:
As Arnó-Macià (2012: 89) points out: “Within the integration of technology into language education, special attention needs to be paid to languages for specific purposes (LSP) (…)”. Although a broad range of technologies may support the process of language learning, this paper investigates those technologies which are connected with the computer and Internet use in order to learn a foreign language. A term used to refer to the above-mentioned issue is Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL). The paper presents results of a pilot study conducted of students of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) using a questionnaire containing a CALL component. This data collection instrument was especially designed for the purpose of the research. The main aim of the present article is to consider how to measure participants’ competences, attitudes and skills in the area of ICT (Information and Communication Technology).
Źródło:
Neofilolog; 2013, 41/2; 127-147
1429-2173
Pojawia się w:
Neofilolog
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies