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Tytuł:
Ochrona kultury narodowej w koncepcjach współczesnej prawicy narodowej w Polsce
Autorzy:
Radomski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/678090.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
National Right Wing
national heritage
national branding
community of culture
Opis:
Protection of natural culture in concepts of the contemporary National Right Wing in PolandIn the centre of the system of values of the National Right Wing which revived after 1989 there are still nation, family and religion. The nation as community of culture is in opinion of the said parties exposed to dangers. The main risks are in their opinion as follows: cosmopolitism, Communist ideology, individualism, liberalism; secularization.In Poland, such ideas are, in the opinion of the National Right Wing, propagated by the liberal and post-communist circles. In the beginning they demanded that the communist activists are brought to justice. Some columnists refer to antisemitism. They perceive also the fall of the literary output. They assess critically the novels of Czesław Miłosz, Stanisław Barańczak or Olga Tokarczuk. Similar assessments regard the works of Polish historians. As preventive measures the following is mentioned: appropriate educational activity, statutory protection of national heritage, broadening of Catholicism, promotion of national culture. They attach great importance to the national branding. Its components are history, language, political regime, architecture, literature, art, religion, icons landscape, music. They would probably accept the opinion of Michael Porter: “Many contemporary discussions of international competition stress global homogenization and a diminished role for nations. But, in truth, national differences are at the heart of competitive success.” Ochrona kultury narodowej w koncepcjach współczesnej prawicy narodowej w PolsceW centrum systemu wartości odrodzonego po 1989 roku ruchu narodowego pozostają naród, rodzina i religia. Naród, traktowany jako wspólnota kultury, narażony jest w ocenie wspominanych wyżej środowisk na liczne zagrożenia. Za najgroźniejsze uznają one: kosmopolityzm, ideologię komunistyczną, indywidualizm, liberalizm, sekularyzację. W Polsce wspomniane idee mają być propagowane przez środowiska liberalne i postkomunistyczne. W wypowiedziach publicystów narodowych pojawiają się także akcenty antysemickie. Krytyczna ocena dotyczy też współczesnej polskiej literatury, a zwłaszcza twórczości Czesława Miłosza, Stanisława Barańczaka czy Olgi Tokarczuk. Podobne oceny odnoszone są do prac polskich historyków. Za istotną uznano więc puryfikację kultury narodowej. Wśród środków zaradczych środowiska narodowe proponują: rozwój edukacji historycznej, ochronę dziedzictwa narodowego, rozwój katolicyzmu i promocję kultury narodowej. W tym ostatnim wypadku za niezwykle ważny uznają one branding narodowy. Jego podstawowe składniki to historia, język, architektura, krajobraz, reżim polityczny itp. Polscy narodowcy zapewne zaakceptowaliby opinię sformułowaną przez Michaela Portera. Twierdzi on, iż co prawda nastąpiła globalna homogenizacja, ale podkreślanie odrębności narodowej jest źródłem sukcesu.
Źródło:
Sprawy Narodowościowe; 2015, 47
2392-2427
Pojawia się w:
Sprawy Narodowościowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej Studenckiej Konferencji Naukowej pt. „Tendencje menedżerskie w animacji kultury”
Autorzy:
Sojka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639960.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
student conference, summary, cultural animation, culture management, socio-cultural community development, managers and animators of culture, culture project, Marketing in animation
Opis:
Management in culture – conference summaryOn May 27/28th 2010 an interesting and informative conference took place in the Institute of Pedagogy at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Students were excited to organize it and they invited numerous prominent scholars and researchers It pertained to integration of managers and animators of culture, the main topic was management in culture animation. Culture is defined here as a space for self-realisation, for expression and realisation of values a living space, which is undergoing constant transformation.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie w Kulturze; 2011, 12, 4
2084-3976
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie w Kulturze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dom kultury jako instytucja upowszechniania kultury wśród osób dorosłych
Autorzy:
Jakobiszyn, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/640258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
community centre, dissemination of culture, creating culture, protecting culture, cultural education, cultural activity/activities, sociocultural animation, leisure/free time, self-education/self-teaching, participation in cultural activities/in culture
Opis:
Cultural centre as an institution promoting culture among adultsCultural institutions are established to fulfil three major functions: creating, promoting and protecting culture. Of those three the main function of cultural centres is promotion. Unfortunately, the latest studies show that those centres do not pay enough attention to older people who have a lot of free time and are financially stable. It is important for cultural centres’ workers, who create curricula for their facilities, to take into consideration the recipients, their needs, interests, how much time and money they can spend in the cultural centre. Information about offered classes should get to those recipients in the right way and on time. The elements change depending on the recipients’ age. Adults are more aware of their interests than teenagers or children, therefore it is essential for the cultural centres to consider their needs in the curriculum. Unfortunately, adults and especially older people are very rarely active in social and cultural life. They prefer to spend their free time in passive or even monotonous way. It is probably due to a lack of a proper “preparation” to the old age. The preparation should begin from the youngest age and should include five fields of activity: biological, psychological, intellectual, social and economic. In order to ensure the right way of preparation, both cultural institutions and their recipients should increase the amount of free time older people spend in cultural centres. It is extremely important especially for older people whose ways of spending spare time may protect them from loneliness and alienation.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie w Kulturze; 2011, 12, 2
2084-3976
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie w Kulturze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measures of science
Autorzy:
Kobylarek, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
university
scientific culture
evaluation of science
scientific community
Opis:
The article presents two scientific cultures, which have different indicators and measures of scientific achievements. Community orientated culture is interested in building of the common area of ideas and it tries to unify glossary, methodology, rules and promotion of good practices. Scope directed cultures are inclusive and open for cooperation. Measures of science are totally different in both cultures- more unpredictable in the first case and very clear in the scope orientated scientific culture. For young scientists the closer community should be only a first stage in the long way to the scientific success. The article indicates virtual communities as a way for finding new possibilities of making science at the satisfactory level.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2017, 8, 1; 5-8
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The learning environment as a space for changes
Autorzy:
Nowak, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388072.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
early education
culture of learning
learning environment
learning community
Opis:
Science is not a simple increase of knowledge, but a change in state of mind. This demands a personalized approach to the teaching/learning process, the consideration of new spaces serving to gain information and experiences, as well as making use of the dialogical nature of man to create a learning community. The child cannot be a background for teachers’ actions but an authentic real creator of his/her development. School should evolve from a socially and culturally authorised knowledge-transferring institution into an agency which will be a community of life and work. This paper focuses on selected aspects of a new culture of learning: constructive, self-regulated, situated and collaborative, that prepares the student for smooth functioning in a world marked by change.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2016, 33, 2; 143-151
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Początkujący nauczyciel przedszkola we wspólnocie zawodowej. Od niepewności ku pełnemu uczestnictwu w socjokulturowych praktykach
Novice kindergarten teacher in a professional community. From uncertainty to full participation in sociocultural practices
Autorzy:
Grochowalska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
początkujący nauczyciel; wspólnota nauczycieli; socjalizacja nauczycieli; kultura przedszkola; edukacja przedszkolna
novice teacher; teacher community; teacher socialization; culture of pre-school; pre-school education
Opis:
The paper aims at presenting the social dimension of learning the profession by a novice kindergarten teacher, the importance of participation in sociocultural practices of the community in this process. The author develops the hypothesis that only participation of the novice in the activities of the teaching community gradually converts a person into a teacher. First, the author describes the basic term for discussion – “community” perceived in the cultural perspective, with the emphasis on two dimensions: cooperation and trust. Then, the novice’s involvement in the community matters and finding one’s place there is reviewed. The conclusion includes the discussion about forming a support network to allow the novice to participate in the discourse on the undertaken activities.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie społecznego wymiaru uczenia się profesji przez początkującego nauczyciela przedszkola, wagi, jaką w tym procesie może zajmować uczestniczenie w socjokulturowych praktykach wspólnoty. Autorka rozwija tezę, iż jedynie partycypacja nowicjusza w działaniach wspólnoty nauczycieli prowadzi do stopniowego stawania się nauczycielem. W pierwszej kolejności omówione jest podstawowe dla rozważań pojęcie wspólnoty postrzeganej w optyce kulturowej, ze zwróceniem uwagi na dwa wymiary: współpracę i zaufanie. Następnie podjęty jest wątek zaangażowania się nowicjusza w sprawy wspólnoty, odnajdywania w niej swojego miejsca. Na zakończenie omówiona jest rola tworzenia sieci wsparcia umożliwiającej nowicjuszowi partycypację w dyskursie na temat podejmowanych aktywności.
Źródło:
Forum Pedagogiczne; 2020, 10, 1
2083-6325
Pojawia się w:
Forum Pedagogiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Rady Ministrów Wspólnot Europejskich w dziedzinie kultury w latach 80. XX w.
Activities of the Council of Ministers of the European Communities in the Field of Culture in the 80s
Autorzy:
Gierat-Bieroń, Bożena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Ministries of Culture in the European Union
Cultural Policy of the European Community
Opis:
The European integration processes have had over the years many shapes, faces and, masks. European politicians noticed, as late as at the turn of 70s and 80s of 20th century that culture can signifi cantly influence the social life, economy, as well as international relations. At that time, however, they did not formulate any proposals of specific activity which could have lifted culture to supranational position, and the culture remained in the realm of national policies. In the early 80s, Ministers of Culture of the European countries, dissatisfied with cultural policy of the European Community, or rather lack of it, informally established intergovernmental Council of the Ministers. The council was announcing resolutions and recommendations for the European Commission, European Parliament, and European Council. The objective of this paper is analysis of the pioneering role of Ministers of Culture in integration processes at culture level. The research reveals that the intellectual and political work and influence of Ministers played a pivotal role in formulating the first paradigm of the Community’s cultural policy. They were also instrumental in creating fi rst programmes directed to culture and cultural operators in Europe.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 3; 127-146
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
IDEOLOGICZNE PODZIAŁY MEDIÓW NA GRUNCIE TEORII KULTURY DZIENNIKARSKIEJ THOMASA HANITZSCHA (ROZWAŻANIA NA PODSTAWIE ANALIZY TREŚCI CZASOPISM „PRESS” I „FORUM DZIENNIKARZY” Z LAT 2012–2016)
IDEOLOGICAL DIVISIONS OF THE MEDIA AND THOMAS HANITZSCH’S THEORY OF JOURNALISTIC CULTURE (BASED ON TEXTS PUBLISHED IN PROFESSIONAL PERIODICALS PRESS AND FORUM DZIENNIKARZY IN 2012–2016)
Autorzy:
Olechowska, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
politicization of the media
journalist community
journalistic culture
Forum Dziennikarzy
Press
Opis:
The article deals with the politicization of the media, visible in the ideological divisions among journalists, which is the consequence of the symbolic discursive strategies used by representatives of conservative-rightist and left-liberal wings. The article presents the conclusions derived from textual analysis of interviews and opinion-forming texts published in two professional periodicals Press and Forum Dziennikarzy. The main goal of the analysis is to identify and to determine the sources of the dominant narrative modes in the self-creation of the divisions in line with the epistemological theory of journalist culture authored by Thomas Hanitzsch.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2017, 15, 4; 56-70 (15)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Project of Research in the Re-educational Institutes of the Czech Republic in the Period from 2006 to 2008
Autorzy:
Sekera, Julius
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43177370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
educational institute
pedagogical staff
climate
community and subordinate culture and style of management
professional curriculum vitae of educators and teachers
educational and psychotherapeutic procedures
Opis:
The report deals with the project of research in pedagogical staffs in educational institutes within the Czech Republic. The research is planned for three years, i.e. 2006–2008. At the first stage there will be the institutions chosen which are close to the so-called community system by their nature, and on the contrary, the institutions which are run in a classical subordinative way. These two groups of institutions will be subsequently subjected to an analysis.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2007, 13; 217-230
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uniwersytet – nauki humanistyczne i społeczne – państwo
University – humanities and social sciences – the state
Autorzy:
Brzeziński, Jerzy Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
university
humanities
social sciences
research ethics
education of students
community culture versus corporate culture
Polish state
Opis:
With the Great Charter of Universities as a point of departure, the author discusses the four tasks of the university: (1) search for the truth (2) education which supplies students them with the latest scientific knowledge and the skills that knowledge justifies (3) student formation in the spirit of tolerance, pluralism and openness to dialogue, (4) popularizing scientific knowledge. For their accomplishment to be unconstrained (by ideological, religious, xenophobic or economic limitations), as well as effective and ethical, the university must be free and autonomous. Nowadays humanities and social sciences are particularly exposed to factors that damage or hinder this autonomy and freedom, which is regrettably the case especially in countries that declare attachment to democratic values, yet trample them at the same time. The author is very critical of the state’s policy of evaluating scholarly activities of universities based on converting scientific output into points. According to the author, this produces a greatly simplified and distorted picture of their achievements. What is more, it also encourages certain academics (for whom „survival” at a given institute or department is at stake) to engage in unethical behaviour: plagiarism of other people’s works, falsification of empirical research results, fabrication of findings, guest authorship, ghost authorship. One of the major solutions aimed to counter such unethical practices is to depart from bibliometric evaluation (via IF, H index) in favour of peer review. It is also necessary to implement new publishing practices, which would require replication of empirical studies, access to raw results provided by authors, as well as preregistration assessment of research projects so as to take works in which positive results were not obtained (thus failing to bear out the initial hypothesis) into consideration as well.
Źródło:
Człowiek i Społeczeństwo; 2021, 52; 45-69
0239-3271
Pojawia się w:
Człowiek i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Houses of culture in Poland. A contribution to societal security studies
Autorzy:
Soliwoda, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
Houses of culture in Poland
societal security
cultural security
national security
local community security
Opis:
The work presents the functioning of “houses of culture” in Poland. The author analyses his own research carried out by way of a diagnostic (questionnaire) survey. The work is located in research in the area of security studies through focusing on societal and cultural security.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2021, 7, 3; 57-76
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Political correctness as an object of investigation
Autorzy:
Mishchenko, Daria
Baranova, Svitlana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Behavior
cross-cultural
barriers
euphemism
social reason
offensive
language
community
culture
freedom of speech
Opis:
The terms political correctness or PC were not used until the late 1970s. According to James Wilson (1995), a judge in Georgia, in 1973 the US Supreme Court first mentioned the term “politically correct”. Thus, the doctrine of political correctness was based on the concept of “neutral language”. It is this language, free from expressions that offend the feelings and dignity of the person, violate his human rights, must oppose hate speech (Phumsiri N., 2018). The relevance of the work is due to the interest of studying the political correctness in the modern dimension, which is explained by the growing interest in society and spread in the media. Political correctness (PC) – a term that describes the style of behavior, speech, lifestyle, preferences, but at the same time does not violate the personal boundaries of people in religious, racial, political, cultural fields (Stephen Richer, Lorna Weir, 1995). Political correctness is a kind of voluntary social code of conduct, which provides for the inadmissibility of humiliating mentions of physical or mental disabilities of third parties, about their racial, religious or national affiliation, observance of gender equality in public and private life. The term “political correctness” began to be widely used only in the 80s of the 20th centuries. It was then that conservatives from American universities began to use it to denote social movements that advocated the establishment of codes of conduct that would exclude manifestations of racism, sexism, homophobia or other unacceptable forms of behavior. Politically correct terms are a special group of neologisms that are deliberately created by native speakers to replace lexical units that, for one or another political or social reason, begin to be perceived as derogatory. A number of researchers consider political correctness as one of the manifestations of euphemism, as an integral component of its linguistic aspect (Anna Monashnenko, Svitlana Amelina, Vasyl Shynkaruk, 2021). They consider euphemisms and politically correct units as identical concepts: euphemism is one of the most effective means of expressing politically correct vocabulary.
Źródło:
Pomiędzy. Polsko-Ukraińskie Studia Interdyscyplinarne; 2023, 10(3); 25-31
2543-9227
Pojawia się w:
Pomiędzy. Polsko-Ukraińskie Studia Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jan Stachniuk (1905–1963) – Neo-Pagan and National Bolshevik
Autorzy:
Tomasiewicz, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Stanisław Lis-Kozłowski (1907–1995)
dzieje polskiej kultury
emigracja
Polonia argentyńska
history of Polish culture
emigration
Polish community in Argentina
Opis:
Jan Stachniuk (1905–1963) was genuine Polish philosopher and political activist. Stachniuk started his activity in ranks of the left-wing Piłsudskite youth movement but during 1930s he became an ideologue of the anti-Catholic ultra-nationalist far right group called Zadruga. Under Nazi occupation of Poland Zadruga movement was absorbed into left-nationalist Stronnictwo Zrywu Narodowego and after the World War II Stachniuk unsuccessfully tried to collaborate with new communist regime. His ideology was synthesis of pantheist neopaganism, extreme pan-Slavic nationalism and totalitarian (quasi-Stalinist) version of socialism but his last – and most mature – works proclaimed universalist ideal of human creativity.
Źródło:
Polish Biographical Studies; 2020, 8; 157-175
2353-9291
Pojawia się w:
Polish Biographical Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmarli i Facebook. Wirtualna społeczność żałoby
Autorzy:
Gadowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/447691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Facebook
dead
funeral culture
mourning
memory of the dead
virtual community of mourning
zmarli
kultura funeralna
żałoba
pamięć o zmarłych
wirtualna społeczność żałoby
Opis:
In this progressing virtualization, time has come also for the realm of death, which in a natural way joined the cyber-reality, shaping a new dimension of commemorative-funeral practices present in the funeral culture. The internet has become not only a vehicle for memory, but also a place for creating its new forms. The article attempts to identify and general characteristics of the activities of Polish Facebook users connected with the memory of loved ones, in the context of the possibilities provided by the portal itself. The methodology of the work encompassed the analysis of the lite-rature and the review of the above portal from the media perspective, without considering the religious perspective.
W tej postępującej wirtualizacji przyszedł czas także na sferę związaną ze śmiercią, która w naturalny sposób dołączyła do cyberrzeczywistości, kształtującej nowy wymiar praktyk upamiętniająco-żałobnych obecnych w kulturze funeralnej. Internet stał się nie tylko nośnikiem pamięci, ale także miejscem kreowania jej nowych form. W artykule podjęto próbę zidentyfikowania i ogólnej charakterystyki przejawów aktywności polskich użytkowników portalu Facebook związanej z pamięcią o bliskich zmarłych, w kontekście możliwości udostępnianych przez sam portal. Metodologia pracy objęła analizę literatury przedmiotu oraz przegląd portalu z perspektywy medioznawczej, bez uwzględnienia perspektywy religijnej.
Źródło:
Studia Socialia Cracoviensia; 2018, 10, 2
2080-6604
Pojawia się w:
Studia Socialia Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Powstanie i działalność teatrów amatorskich na Zamojszczyźnie w latach 1944 –1955.
Autorzy:
Kuźma, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
amateur and semi-professional theatres
theatre reportoir approved of by the government
community initiative
Association of Theatre Authors and Composers
area departament of art and culture
Opis:
The article discusses the reconstruction and then liquidation of area departments of art and culture. In the period directly after the war they supported the spontaneous revival of amateur and semi-professional theatres. Through their drama activity amateur actors got rid of the mental tension accumulated in the period of Nazi occupation. Their work also brought financial benefits, which they used for various community initiatives. Starting form 1947 the government tended to limit this kind of cultural activity by making it to difficult to register it with the regional authorities, imposing taxes and shaping a reportoir which did not satisfy the audiences. In the 1950’s so called amateur theatre groups were under strict control and functioned only thanks to government subsidies.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2009, 3(3); 377-388
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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