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Tytuł:
An Excess or Deficiency of Legal Regulations of the Specific Part of Commercial Agreements Law in the Civil Code?
Autorzy:
Bielski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1965393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
commercial law
commercial activities
commercial contracts
Opis:
One of the consequences of the post-1989 significant legislative activity of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland is the fact that legal acts that play a special role in the legal system (codes) are also subject to numerous amendments. What is the influence of such amendments on the cohesion and transparency of the legal regulations included in these codes? Was the intention to fulfil the demands of the business trading of the time, undoubtedly deserving of approval, by modernising the existing regulations, introducing new ones, and – potentially – abandoning those whose practical significance and application is currently marginal in the context of the discussed matter an essential motive for undertaking many legislative changes applied to the Civil Code regarding the legal regulations of economic relations – including in particular the legal regulations of the specific part of commercial contracts law – after the transformation of the socio-economic system in the years 1989–1990? Is it therefore possible to say with respect to the present shape of the specific part of commercial contracts law in the Civil Code that this is in an optimal state? Or perhaps there is an excessive or insufficient number of legal regulations in this matter? Are there any draft amendments to the said area of legal regulations? What directions do they follow? The subject matter of this paper is to search for answers to the questions asked above.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2019, 11, 2; 155-168
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O zaniechanej akcji likwidacji przedwojennych spółek prawa handlowego w Polsce Ludowej
Deliberations on a Liquidation Campaign for Prewar Commercial Law Companies in the People’s Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
commercial law companies, Commercial Register, prewar companies.
Opis:
After the World War II commercial law companies, even though they had been depri- ved of their enterprises, were mostly not crossed off the Commercial Register (in Polish: Rejestr Handlowy). Regardless of the fact that they had been deprived of their proper- ties, they still existed. In spite of the fact that communists considered passing a bill that would cause their ultimate liquidation, it appeared that closing down the com- mercial law companies may actually lead to a deterioration in international relations with western states. This state of affairs surprisingly meant that nowadays one can re- activate the prewar companies. Therefore documents that have been recovered are of great importance for both legal practitioners (mainly judges and attorneys at law) and theorists of law.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2013, 12; 423-434
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Modernisation (Europeanisation) Process of the Turkish Commercial Law from 1850 to the Present
Autorzy:
Yasan, Mustafa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Turkish commercial law
Turkish law reform
Ottoman commercial law
Ernst Hirsch
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Opis:
The modernisation of Turkish commercial law is a process which has been continuing for 170 years and constitutes an important part of the modernisation process of the Turkish law system. The modernisation process of the Turkish commercial law which started in 1850 by Kanunname-i Ticaret (Codex of Commerce) has continued after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, by Code of Commerce numbered 865 in 1926, Turkish Code of Commerce numbered 6762 in 1956, and lastly Turkish Code of Commerce numbered 6102 in 2011. This long process has just one clear purpose: modernisation. Although this process can only be perceived as being Westernised or Europeanised, this perception is incorrect. In fact, at the core of this process, the aim is to rise to the level of developed civilisations and to adapt to the developed modern legal systems.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2019, 12; 271-283
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Udział konsorcjum w postępowaniu o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego na przykładzie Polski, Wielkiej Brytanii i Francji
Participation of a consortium in the procedure for the award of public contract with the examples of Poland, United Kingdom and France
Autorzy:
Czerwiński, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962369.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
commercial law
consortium
public contracts
Opis:
The aim of the study is to compare regulations relating to consortia applying for public contracts in Polish, British and French law. Although it is impossible to find a common definition of a “consortium” for all EU members, due to the harmonization of rules concerning the functioning of the public procurement markets, the solutions adopted by member states are quite similar. However, there are also some specific regulations in individual countries. It is worth considering the usefulness of the adoption of similar solutions in other countries. In each analyzed country the author describes the general legal aspects of the functioning of a consortium in the legal system, then refers to similar legal institutions e.g. partnerships or subcontracting, and finally characterizes the regulation relating to the participation of the consortium in the procedure for the award of public contract.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 307-338
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La société européene: les enjeux et les perspectives
The European company: issues and prospects
Autorzy:
Arciszewska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
European company
European Union law
commercial law
Opis:
The article is an explanation of the way the European company operates. The author briefly points to the laws and their provisions regulating the status of the European company in its present form. The author primarily highlights EU legislation in the field of European company law, but also regulations in French commercial law related to the analyzed company. Additionally, the author shows the ways of creating a European company and possible styles of managing it. The author also highlights the situation of the employees of a European company and the advantages of creating this type of company, whether fiscal, related to the location, or resultant from the statute of thiscompany. In conclusion, the author points out a number of prospects for the functioning of a European company, highlighting the competitiveness of such a company on the European market and the possibility of its development by European enterprises, as well as indicating that the company is a kind of compromise between the regulations proposed by the European legislator and the regulations laid down by the domestic law of the Member States.
The article is an explanation of the way the European company operates. The author briefly points to the laws and their provisions regulating the status of the European company in its present form. The author primarily highlights EU legislation in the field of European company law, but also regulations in French commercial law related to the analyzed company. Additionally, the author shows the ways of creating a European company and possible styles of managing it. The author also highlights the situation of the employees of a European company and the advantages of creating this type of company, whether fiscal, related to the location, or resultant from the statute of this company. In conclusion, the author points out a number of prospects for the functioning of a European company, highlighting the competitiveness of such a company on the European market and the possibility of its development by European enterprises, as well as indicating that the company is a kind of compromise between the regulations proposed by the European legislator and the regulations laid down by the domestic law of the Member States.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2015, 5; 203-222
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawo handlowe starożytności przedrzymskiej oczyma dogmatyka. Uwagi na marginesie książki Marco Ciana Le antiche leggi del commercio
The Pre-Roman Commercial Law Seen by the Dogmatic. Remarks on the Basis of the Book ”Le antiche leggi del commercio” of Marco Cian
Autorzy:
Sorka, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
commercial law
antiquity
Egypt
Mesopotamia
Israel
Opis:
The paper presents remarks made after reading the book of the Italian commer- cial law scholar, Marco Cian. His work considers ancient commercial statutes as prototypes of commercial law as such. Contrarily, the traditional doctrine recognizes the beginning of commercial law merely in medieval times. It is hard to find in antiquity the concept of commercial law similar to the modern one as a separate branch of private law. However, the chieftains of small Hebrew tribes or Pharaohs wanted to affect somehow the production or trade with their laws. Marco Cian concentrates on ancient Egypt, Mesopotamian codes, and Hebrew law. His last chapter is dedicated to Greek laws. It is seriously disappointing that the book omits issues connected with Roman law. Despite the fact that Roman legal experience is especially productive and instructive in that aspect and included in the title literally, the author decided that it has already been studied well enough by scholars.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2018, 3 (47); 100-112
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Excess or Deficiency of Regulations of the Commercial Activities Law in the Civil Code?
Autorzy:
Bielski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
commercial contracts law
deficiency of legal regulations
commercial activities law
Opis:
The author of the paper understands the term of “excess of legal regulations” as the situation of imposition of regulations governing a specific institution of the com-mercial activities law under the Civil Code, which are fully or partially obsolete from the point of view of the needs of contemporary business trading. The term of “deficiency of legal regulations”, in turn, is to denote a complete lack of a regula-tion of a specific institution of the commercial activities law as may be desired in the domain of contemporary business trading, or the existence of such a regulation but in a form that is limited, incapable of addressing the needs and challenges of the said domain. When it comes to the legal regulations of the commercial activi-ties law, the author argues that it is hard to regard the current legal situation in Poland as successfully fulfilling the requirements of a coherent legal system and of the legislative technique principles that are applied therein. In the text, the author provides a detailed explanation of why commercial activities governed by the Civil Code suffer from a substantial deficiency of legal regulations in the scope in question.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2019, 11, 4; 21-32
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nouvelle réglementation des sociétés à participation étrangère en Pologne
Autorzy:
Rajski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43463971.pdf
Data publikacji:
1986-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
economic law
banking law
trade law
commercial law
business law
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1986, 3-4(71-72); 19-29
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podwyższenie standardu ochrony mikroprzedsiębiorcy jako odbiorcy paliw i energii na podstawie kompetencji państwa członkowskiego w prawodawstwie Unii Europejskiej
Increase of the scope of the protection standard of a micro-entrepreneur as a recipient of fuel and energy pursuant to the Member State powers under the European Union legislation
Autorzy:
Marszałek, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Union law
constitutional law
public commercial law
energy law
Opis:
The opinion presents major differences in the legal situation of clients- entrepreneurs in relation to (legally privileged) recipients being household owners and consumers. Moreover, the author presents legal arguments for an extension of the protection standard regarding privileged entrepreneurs to micro-entrepreneurs and small entrepreneurs under the European Union legislation and in compliance with the national one. The opinion contains arguments for a specific national legislation, which would provide content to the state obligation to provide assistance to the development of entrepreneurship, in particular the micro-entrepreneurs, and which would facilitate an effective use of liberties of a uniformed EU market in the trans-border dimension.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2018, 2(58); 9-28
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Przedsiębiorstwo lecznicze”. Innowacyjne rozwiązanie legislacyjno-systemowe czy manowce reformy?
'Healing company'. The innovative legislative and systemic solution or the reform quibble?
Autorzy:
Mokrzycka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
COMMERCIAL LAW
COMMERCIAL LAW COMPANIES
HEALTH CARE UNITS
HOSPITALS PRIVATIZATION
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
OWNERSHIP PROBLEMS IN HEALTH CARE
TRANSFORMATION
Opis:
The necessity of the hospitals status change in Poland was the hot issue for quite a long time. The problems of hospitals debts, local governments role, state (public) ownership problems, management weaknesses, resources lack, humans resources problems and many others have been stressed in public debates, often by different sides and political parties. The present Ministry of Health from the very beginning proposed the formal status change concerning ownership of health care units, mainly hospitals, as a first step for the system transformation in this respect. The proposal of the new legislation called the Health package included such approach. One of the most important laws in the package was the 'Hospitals privatisation', subsequently vetoed by the President representing the political opposition. The next step toward the transformation was the governmental Plan B, proposed also by Ministry of Health, criticized for the improper legal instruments and infectivity of the proposed strategy. The new legislation, described in this paper, is a consequence of the process and the main issue of the analysis undertaken hereby.
Źródło:
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie; 2010, 8, 2; 68-86
2084-2627
Pojawia się w:
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Responsibility of the member of board of directors in stock corporation in Commercial Law
Autorzy:
Strapáč, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158786.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
responsibility of the member of board
commercial law
Opis:
The article deals with responsibility of a member of a board in Stock Corporation, which is inseparably linked with his funkcion and the member of the board cannot divest of that. The article comparatively refers to the valid legislation in the Slovak republic, the Czech Republic and Poland. The author not only mentions the valid legislation, but also points out the decisions of the Courts of the mentioned countries. The article refers to terminology issues and compares term „proffesional diligence“which is used in the Slovak republic with term „ diligence of due manager“which is used in the Czech republic.
Źródło:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2014, 2(8); 23-30
1730-0266
Pojawia się w:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Representation in the Polish legal system
Autorzy:
Mazan, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-16
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Polish legal system
commercial law
National Court Register
Opis:
The following article is aimed at presenting definitions and typologies concerning the issues of representation in the Polish legal system. Synonymous or interchangeable usage of legal terminology concerning representation in economic activity may lead to considerable disruption to proper functioning of civil law entities, and especially commercial law entities.
Źródło:
Contemporary Central and East European Law; 2019, 1 (133); 104-117
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Contemporary Central and East European Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of the Economic Legislation on the Restoration of the Polish State after the First World War
Autorzy:
Jastrzębski, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129059.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
business law
commercial law
law codification
the Second Republic of Poland
Opis:
The paper discusses the issue of the impact of Polish economic legislation on the restoration of the Polish State after the First World War. The author draws attention to those legal regulations that directly influenced the Polish legal order and constituted the result of the activity of the Polish legislature in the years 1918-1939. Most of those regulations were drafted by the Commission of Codification, which had been established under the Act of June 3, 1919, and were related to two periods of economic reform: firstly – the reform conducted by Wladyslaw Grabski along with the earlier legislation mainly related to the period of partition of the Polish state; and secondly – the times after 1926. Significantly, an overwhelming number of regulations were promulgated in the form of decrees with the statutory validity issued by the President of the Second Republic of Poland, which actually eliminated the Polish Parliament from the legislative process. The purpose of these regulations was to unify economically the Polish lands and to create a uniform commercial law. It is worth emphasizing that such enactments as the Industrial Law of 1927, the Commercial Code, the Law of Arrangements with Creditors and the Insolvency Law (all enacted in 1934) remained in force also after 1945. Some of the aforementioned regulations, in particular the Commercial Code of 1934 that was finally repealed at the beginning of this century, largely affected the economic changes after 1989.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 1(91); 265-282
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nadmiar czy niedobór regulacji prawnych części szczególnej prawa umów handlowych w kodeksie cywilnym?
An Excess or Deficiency of Legal Regulations of the Specific Part of Commercial Agreements Law in the Civil Code?
Autorzy:
Bielski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1965395.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
prawo handlowe
czynności handlowe
umowy handlowe
commercial law
commercial activities
commercial agreements
Opis:
Jedną z konsekwencji znaczącej aktywności legislacyjnej Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej po 1989 r. jest między innymi to, że licznym nowelizacjom podlegają również akty prawne pełniące w systemie prawa szczególną rolę (kodeksy). Czy nowelizacje te wpływają na spójność i przejrzystość zawartych w kodeksach regulacji prawnych? Czy np. zasadniczym motywem podejmowania wielu zmian legislacyjnych, którym podlegał kodeks cywilny w odniesieniu do regulacji prawnych obrotu gospodarczego – w tym zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do regulacji prawnych części szczególnej prawa umów handlowych – po zmianie ustroju społeczno-gospodarczego w latach 1989–1990, był zamiar realizacji zasługującego bez wątpienia na aprobatę postulatu uwzględniania potrzeb współczesnego obrotu gospodarczego, poprzez modernizację istniejących, wprowadzanie nowych i ewentualnie rezygnację z tych istniejących regulacji prawnych w omawianej materii, których praktyczne znaczenie i zastosowanie jest obecnie znikome? Czy wobec tego w odniesieniu do aktualnego kształtu części szczególnej prawa umów handlowych w kodeksie cywilnym można mówić o jej optymalnym stanie, czy też może o nadmiarze albo niedoborze regulacji prawnych w tej materii? Czy istnieją projekty zmian wymienionego obszaru regulacji prawnych i w którym kierunku zmierzają? Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania.
One of the consequences of the post-1989 significant legislative activity of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland is the fact that legal acts that play a special role in the legal system (codes) are also subject to numerous amendments. What is the influence of such amendments on the cohesion and transparency of the legal regulations included in these codes? Was the intention to fulfil the demands of the business trading of the time, undoubtedly deserving of approval, by modernising the existing regulations, introducing new ones, and – potentially – abandoning those whose practical significance and application is currently marginal in the context of the discussed matter an essential motive for undertaking many legislative changes applied to the Civil Code regarding the legal regulations of economic relations – including in particular the legal regulations of the specific part of commercial contracts law – after the transformation of the socio-economic system in the years 1989–1990? Is it therefore possible to say with respect to the present shape of the specific part of commercial contracts law in the Civil Code that this is in an optimal state? Or perhaps there is an excessive or insufficient number of legal regulations in this matter? Are there any draft amendments to the said area of legal regulations? What directions do they follow? The subject matter of this paper is to search for answers to the questions asked above.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2019, 11, 2; 140-154
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ustrój prawny izb gospodarczych – propozycje jego usprawnienia
The lawful status of chambers of commerce – proposals of its rationalization
Autorzy:
Jurewicz, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Prawo handlowe
Izby gospodarcze
Commercial Law
Chambers of Commerce
Opis:
Decentralization of the public administration means awarding to independent organizations and organs possibility of forming their lawful system in a sphere qualified by the act. Their aims are fixed in the act. The aim of chambers of commerce, as decentralized business organizations, is representing the economic interests of businessmen in their productive, commercial, architectural or service activity, particularly in relation to the public administration and to the external trade. The funds of chambers of commerce (mostly the membership fees and the business earnings) should be convergent with aims and tasks which they realize. It is conducive to employ proper group of experts prepared in a sphere of economic problems, appropriate material resources and information. The staff organs of chambers of commerce should be more specialized in consultative and advisory functions. They should offer specialistic servicing for businessmen, for instance: in schoolings and conferences (relating to: tax law, law of work and social insurance, gaining of public funds). The aims, tasks and functions of chambers of commerce still should be adapted to businessmen’s needs. The activity of chambers of commerce is supervised according to a criterion of a legality with an abiding feature of their autonomy. Rationalization of the lawful status of chambers of commerce will contribute to the increase of their importance of support of business development, Polish industry, trade and servicing. The efficiency of an activity of chambers of commerce is expressed in extent of accomplishment their aims, tasks and in securing the realization of businessmen’s needs.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2009, LXXIX (79); 125-138
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Entstehung und Geschichte der Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung im deutschen Recht
Autorzy:
Peglow, Kerstin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
GmbH, commercial law, limited liability company, joint stock company
Opis:
The Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung – GmbH – is a widespread company form, known all over the world, which was adopted in 1892 by the German legislator. Its historical origins were essentially favored by important economic growth during the second half of the 19th- century. Smaller and medium-sized enterprises should be able to choose the legal form of the Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung in order to participate in a more convenient and easily accessible way in the country’s economic growth. This purpose could not be achieved by the highly regulated Aktiengesellschaft (public limited company) which was dedicated to large companies and was therefore too expensive and too complicated for smaller entities. Partnerships like, for instance, the Offene Handelsgesellschaft (general partnership) had the disadvantage that all partners were liable without restrictions to its creditors. The Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung was thought to cover the gap between corporations and partnerships. Despite some weaknesses, the Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung subsequently became a real model of success. Over the years, the Act on the GmbH was subject to constant reforms through practice and legislation, because it was necessary to take into account economic requirements and to counter maladministration in application of the GmbH Law. More recently, European legal standards had a further significant influence on the Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung. Since its creation, the GmbH has played a key role in German legal and economic life. It does exist in many diverse forms and has been for a long time the most popular form of company in Germany.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 205-223
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corporate enterprises in Albania and Macedonia in comparative law
Autorzy:
Papajorgji, Endri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
Corporate enterprises; Commercial Law; Private law; limited liability company; joint stock company
Opis:
Transformation is a process closely connected with reforms in the property-rights regime, but retransfering the ownership has been the core of this process in all post communist countries. The objective of this article is to analyse the drafting of commercial legislation in Albania and Macedonia and in which way corporate enterprises were affected from the structure of economic organizations during socialism.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2014, 10; 20-29
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Right to a Firm and Its Protection
Autorzy:
Skubisz, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43446398.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
protection of property
company
law
company law
commercial law
business activity
firm
enterprise
Commercial Code
commercial register
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1992, 1-4(93-96); 15-23
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nabywanie ruchomości przez laboratoria
Autorzy:
Stolarski, K.
Majewski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/274082.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Roble
Tematy:
sprzęt laboratoryjny
wyposażenie laboratorium
prawo handlowe
laboratory equipment
commercial law
Źródło:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania; 2015, 20, 1; 46-50
1427-5619
Pojawia się w:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kwestie etyczne w prawie giełdowym okresu zaborów i pierwszych lat niepodległości Polski (do 1921 r.)
The Ethical Issues in Stock Exchange Law During Partitions of Poland and in the First Years of Poland’s Independence
Autorzy:
Marks, Bogusław Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964288.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
stock exchange regulations
ethics
stock exchange authorities
commercial law
broker
Opis:
The object of the article are the questions concerning the „ethical aspects” of functioning of stock exchange law during partitions of Poland and in the first years of independent Poland. The analysis covers the period from 1817 (when in Warsaw the first official stock exchange on Polish territory was created) to 1921 when the first in independent Poland Act about the Organization of Stock Exchanges was passed. In the 19th century, several stock exchanges were created on Polish territory, from which the most essential were those in: Warsaw, Lvov and Lodz. The stock exchange was (and still is) regarded as one of the key institutions of market economy. Already, even on this account, the stock exchange law constituted the essential reference to economic law. On its basis the important institutions functioned, not only in the area of economy. In this article, the basic records of laws and exchange charters were traced, as well as different – essential for stock exchanges – documents (for instance, ministerial instructions), which set the principles of functioning of those institutions. The principles were considered from ethical norms’ point of view, which established ethics of economic life of that time. I have especially focused my attention on the principles of functioning of stock exchanges, which related to: the main stock organs, members of exchanges, as well as the so-called clientele. The stock exchange law also related to realities of that time, where-for different reasons – common cases of disobedience of the law occured. It should be stressed here, that stock exchange law was shaped on basis of economic legislation of the partitioners and that it was subject to changes along with political, economic and social transformations, which took place on Polish territory in the discussed period.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2010, 13, 2
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konkubinat w polskim prawie handlowym
Cohabitation in Polish commercial law
Autorzy:
Malarewicz-Jakubów, Agnieszka
Tanajewska, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621150.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
konkubinat, małżeństwo, prawo handlowe, wolność
cohabitation, marriage, commercial law, freedom
Opis:
The aim of the article is to show the problems connected with the institution of cohabi- tation in Polish commercial law. Cohabitation does not directly occur in the regulations. However, this does not mean that it does not occur in the operation of commercial com- panies. Commercial law serves the implementation of projects by individuals. Natural persons choose the type and size of these projects without restraint. The institution of cohabitation is an expression of the freedom involved. Cohabitants, like spouses, can pursue an economic activity, regardless of its organizational and legal form. It also me- ans that cohabitation is an institution that allows to circumvent the limitations which are addressed to spouses and connected with commercial law. This situation is possible, since this is an informal relationship and is not subject to any records.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2014, 13, 2; 217-226
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The council of the employees in the Albanian Commercial Law
Autorzy:
Biba, Diana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
commercial law
council of employees
representation of employees
co determination
Opis:
Law No. 9901/2008 on “Entrepreneurs and Commercial Companies”, marked a milestone in the reform of the commercial law in Albanian. Among other novelties, the Law introduced a new approach in regard to the employees and their participation in co determination. Actually, the involvement of the employees were not that unfamiliar in the former Albanian Commercial Legislation thought the social responsibility was. The Law brought in a new approach which was widely inspired from the EU Law, by establishing the Council of the Employees for any commercial company having more than 50 employees. It is true that unlike the trade unions, it is the company that bears the costs of the establishment and functioning of these councils, but besides the costs, it would mean to grant importance to the employees, as stakeholders of the corporate, by being part of the decision making process with regard to the use of special funds or actives of the company or to the allocation of the divided that the General Assembly resolves to allocate to the employees. This article will explore the legal provisions of the Law in regard to the Council of the Employees, its establishment, functioning and entitlement and how these provisions are enforced in practice from the companies in Albania.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2016, 13; 138-144
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nadmiar czy niedobór regulacji prawa czynności handlowych w kodeksie cywilnym?
Autorzy:
Bielski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1991243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
prawo handlowe
czynności handlowe
umowy handlowe
commercial contracts law
deficiency of legal regulations
commercial activities law
Opis:
Jedną z konsekwencji znaczącej aktywności legislacyjnej Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej po 1989 r. jest między innymi to, że licznym nowelizacjom podlegają również akty prawne pełniące w systemie prawa szczególną funkcję (kodeksy). Czy nowelizacje te wpływają na spójność i przejrzystość zawartych w kodeksach regulacji prawnych? Czy np. zasadniczym motywem podejmowania wielu zmian legislacyjnych, którym podlegał kodeks cywilny w odniesieniu do regulacji prawnych obrotu gospodarczego - w tym zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do regulacji prawa czynności handlowych - po zmianie ustroju społeczno-gospodarczego w latach 1989-1990, był zamiar realizacji zasługującego bez wątpienia na aprobatę postulatu uwzględniania potrzeb współczesnego obrotu gospodarczego, poprzez modernizację istniejących, wprowadzanie nowych i ewentualnie rezygnację z tych istniejących regulacji prawnych w omawianej materii, których praktyczne znaczenie i zastosowanie jest obecnie znikome? Czy wobec tego w odniesieniu do aktualnego kształtu regulacji prawa czynności handlowych w kodeksie cywilnym można mówić o jej optymalnym stanie, czy też może o nadmiarze albo niedoborze regulacji prawnych w tej materii? Czy istnieją projekty zmian wymienionego obszaru regulacji prawnych i w którym kierunku zmierzają? Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania.
The author of the paper understands the term of “excess of legal regulations” as the situation of imposition of regulations governing a specific institution of the com-mercial activities law under the Civil Code, which are fully or partially obsolete from the point of view of the needs of contemporary business trading. The term of “deficiency of legal regulations”, in turn, is to denote a complete lack of a regula-tion of a specific institution of the commercial activities law as may be desired in the domain of contemporary business trading, or the existence of such a regulation but in a form that is limited, incapable of addressing the needs and challenges of the said domain. When it comes to the legal regulations of the commercial activi-ties law, the author argues that it is hard to regard the current legal situation in Poland as successfully fulfilling the requirements of a coherent legal system and of the legis-lative technique principles that are applied therein. In the text, the author provides a detailed explanation of why commercial activities governed by the Civil Code suffer from a substantial deficiency of legal regulations in the scope in question.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2019, 11, 4; 8-20
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przekształcenie spółdzielni pracy w spółkę kapitałową – wybrane skutki podatkowe
Transformation of cooperative work into limited company - chosen tax effects
Autorzy:
Bernat, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443283.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
spółka prawa handlowego
spółdzielnia
podatek dochodowy
commercial law
cooperative
income tax
Opis:
Podstawową funkcją spółdzielni pracy jest realizacja założonego przedsięwzięcia poprzez wykorzystanie potencjału zawodowego członków. Solidarne działanie oraz partycypowanie w zarządzaniu spółdzielnią może doprowadzić członków do decyzji o jej przekształceniu w spółkę kapitałową. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie skutków podatkowych tego przekształcenia na gruncie podatku od towarów usług oraz podatku dochodowego. Ponadto analizie poddano charakter prawny sukcesji praw i obowiązków (m.in. dotyczących interpretacji podatkowej, Numeru Identy#kacji Podatkowej) z podmiotu przekształcanego na podmiot przekształcony. Zastosowano analityczną oraz językowo-logiczną metodę badawczą. W wyniku podjętych badań przyjęto, że przekształcenie spółdzielni w spółkę jest transparentne pod względem VAT. W związku z przekształceniem w  spółkę kapitałową (gdy uczestniczą w  nim wszyscy członkowie i  nie następują zmiany osobowe) co do zasady nie powstaje obowiązek podatkowy w żadnym z podatków dochodowych. Jako wniosek de lege ferenda przyjęto konieczność wprowadzenia przepisu umożliwiającego przeniesienie NIP spółdzielni pracy na spółkę przekształconą.
The primary function of cooperative work established through the use of project professional potential members. Solidarity action and participating in the management of the cooperative may lead members to a decision on its transformation into a capital company. |e aim of the article is to present the tax consequences of this transformation on the basis of tax on goods and services tax. In addition, the analysis of the legal nature of the rights and obligations of the succession have been (at least for the interpretation of the tax base, tax identifcation number) from the converted on subject transformed. Analytical uses and linguistically-logical reasearch method. As a result of the investigations undertaken, the transformation of cooperatives in a company in transparent in terms of VAT. In view of the transformation in a capital company (when it involved all members and no changes occur in the bed) in principle not obligation arises in any of your income taxes. As a proposal de lege ferenda accepted the need for a provision to transfer NIP cooperative work on the company transformed.
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2015, 15/2; 187-199
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Evolution of One Health concept – A European perspective
Autorzy:
Mełgieś, Katarzyna Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43539170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
conflict of values
public commercial law
state intervention in the economy
Opis:
Over the past years, the European Union has been engaged in activities aimed at finding solutions to protect health in accordance with interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary thinking in line with the One Health approach. The experiences related to the Covid-19 pandemic, clearly demonstrated the close connection between humans, animals, and the shared environment and increased interest for this approach to be applied and translated into action. This paper seeks to present the readiness of the European Union and its institutions for the challenges related to the political and legal approach and implementation of One Health concept.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2024, 57, 2; 7-29
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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