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Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
Tytuł:
The Influence of Emotional and Non-emotional Concepts Activation on Information Processing and Unintentional Memorizing
Autorzy:
Pawłowska, Monika
Magier-Łakomy, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430584.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
semantic concepts
cognitive representation of emotion
congruency effect
lexical decision task (LTD)
priming effect
priming paradigm
unintentional memorizing
Opis:
The aim of the work is to compare mechanisms of semantic and emotional processing and memory. Targets (words and non-words) were primed (100 ms) by category name (semantic in Experiment 1 and emotional in Experiment 2). The congruency of prime and target was manipulated. The reaction time of lexical decisions and the effects of unintentional memorizing of word targets were measured. Activation of semantic (Experiment 1) and emotional (Experiment 2) nodes leads to faster processing of related concepts: congruent targets are processed faster than incongruent. Processing congruent primed emotional concepts depends on their modality: anger and joy words are processed faster than sadness. Thus, congruently primed activating emotional concepts are processed differently from congruently primed deactivating concepts. The effectiveness of unintentional memory of emotional and non-emotional concepts (words) is based on different mechanisms: congruently primed emotional words are better remembered than incongruently primed. The results are discussed in the framework of spreading activation theory and theory of emotional memory.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2011, 42, 3; 150-159
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conjuring a Reality: The Magic of the Practice of Accounting
Autorzy:
Mastrolia, Stacy A.
Zielonka, Piotr
McGoun, Elton G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-09-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
magic
accounting
human cognitive system
cognitive process
good continuation
habituation
attentional capture
cognition
conscious effect
subconscious effect
perception, financial information conjure
Opis:
Purpose: Recently, magic has been given increasing attention by psychologists for what it can reveal about how the human cognitive system works. This paper examines whether these same cognitive processes are at play in another arena, specifi cally, the presentation of financial accounting� information. Approach: The authors reviewed the fi ndings of cognitive scientists from their studies of magicians and applied these to the activities of professional accountants. Findings: Specifi c cognitive processes which magicians and accountants take advantage of, explicitly for one and implicitly for the other, are the same: good continuation, habituation, and attentional capture. Value: Further research regarding such interactions between accounting and cognition has potential for enhancing our understanding of both. Certainly at this particular point in accounting history, as standard setters seem to be moving ever closer to implementing some version of a principles-based accounting regime versus our current rules-based accounting regime, it is worthwhile to contemplate the conscious and subconscious effects of cognitive processes on how individuals perceive financial information.
Źródło:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe; 2014, 22, 3; 3-17
2084-3356
Pojawia się w:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pułapki i wyzwania w badaniach nad skutecznością komputerowych treningów poznawczych
Autorzy:
Finc, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/637953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
cognitive training, intervention studies, video games, placebo effect
Opis:
Pitfalls and challenges in studies on the effectiveness of computerized cognitive trainingIn recent years, in both science and business, we observe an increased interest in using of various types of software and computer games to improve human cognitive abilities. Paradoxically, together with an increasing number of studies proving the effectiveness of this type of computerized cognitive training, is also growing number of reports about the lack of its beneficial effects. In this situation many doubts are raised by methodology used in training studies, especially poorly matched control groups, and inadequate monitoring of the placebo effect. In this article I will present the most important issues and challenges facing today’s research on computerized cognitive training.
Źródło:
Rocznik Kognitywistyczny; 2014, 7
1689-927X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Kognitywistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychologia poznawcza w testach wiedzy - co można zrobić, aby zwiększyć prawdopodobieństwo celnego strzału?
The cognitive psychology of knowledge tests – How can you increase your chance of hitting the targret?
Autorzy:
Starkowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
psychologia poznawcza
procesy poznawcze
test wiedzy
uproszczenia myślowe
skąpiec poznawczy
efekt pierwszeństwa
heurystyka zakotwiczenia
cognitive psychology
cognitive processes
knowledge test
mental shortcuts
cognitive miser
primacy effect
heuristic anchoring
Opis:
Praca opisuje poznawcze prawidłowości, którymi kierują się osoby układające pytania do testów wiedzy, a znajomość których zwiększa prawdopodobieństwo odgadnięcia poprawnej odpowiedzi. Analiza nagrań teleturniejów wiedzy oraz testów na prawo jazdy ukazała, że w pytaniach typu „prawda czy fałsz” częściej prawidłowa jest odpowiedź twierdząca (p<0,001, N=235). W pytaniach typu „A czy B” częściej poprawna jest odpowiedź A (p<0,01, N=274). W pytaniach o jedną z trzech wartości liczbowych najczęściej poprawna jest wartość środkowa (p<0,01, N=106). Wyniki uzasadniane są przez prawo człowieka jako skąpca poznawczego, efekt pierwszeństwa i heurystykę zakotwiczenia.
This study describes the cognitive laws which guide people in compiling questions in knowledge tests, and the factors which increase the probability of guessing the correct answer. An analysis of recorded TV quizzes and driving tests showed that: in "true or false" questions the correct answer is often "true" (p <0.001, N = 235). In "A or B" questions the correct answer is often A (p <0.01, N = 274). In questions of a choice of three numbers, the median value is most commonly correct (p <0.01, N = 106). These results are justified by the right of human as a cognitive miser, primacy effects and heuristic anchoring.
Źródło:
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk; 2015, 5; 221-227
2084-1426
Pojawia się w:
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contingent valuation method in terms of behavioral economics
Metoda wyceny warunkowej w ujęciu ekonomii behawioralnej
Autorzy:
Matel, A.
Poskrobko, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/95867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Fundacja Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych
Tematy:
metoda wyceny warunkowej
błędy poznawcze
ekonomia behawioralna
efekt zakotwiczenia
awersja do straty
księgowanie umysłowe
status quo
contingent valuation method
errors cognitive
behavioral economics
anchoring effect
loss aversion
Opis:
The paper aims at indicating the reasons of discrepancies between the real and declared WTA/WTP on the basis of the results of behavioral economics.
Celem artykułu jest próba wskazania przyczyn rozbieżności między rzeczywistą a deklarowaną skłonnością do akceptacji / zapłaty opartych na dokonaniach ekonomii behawioralnej. Rozważania zmierzają do uargumentowania tezy, zgodnie z którą ekonomia behawioralna może być przydatna w wyjaśnianiu rozbieżności między deklarowaną a rzeczywistą WTA/WTP w metodzie wyceny warunkowej. W artykule wskazano, iż błędy poznawcze i zasady myślenia heurystycznego wpływają na pozycję funkcji WTA/WTP, co powoduje przeszacowania lub niedoszacowania w wycenie dóbr pozarynkowych.
Źródło:
Ekonomia i Środowisko; 2016, 1; 35-52
0867-8898
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia i Środowisko
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ informacyjny telewizyjnych reklam wyborczych w świetle deklaracji polskiego elektoratu – studium kampanii wyborczych 2015
The cognitive effect of TV political advertising in view of Polish electorate – case of 2015 presidential and parliamentary campaigns
Autorzy:
Olszanecka-Marmola, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514806.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
political advertising
TV political ads
cognitive effect of TV political ads,
2015 presidential election in Poland
2015 parliamentary election in Poland
Opis:
Apart from persuasive function, TV political ads play also important role in obtaining information about candidates and political parties. The cognitive effect of TV political advertising is proved in American and West-European conditions. Presented article is aimed at examining whether TV political spots influenced on voters’ declarations about their knowledge of candidates and parties contesting in 2015 elections in Poland. The results of research will be presented with reference to sociodemographic characteristics of electorate, political preferences and auto-identifications on left-right scale.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2016, 12; 199-210
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Self- vs. Other-Focused Altruism: Studies on Endocentric and Exocentric Prosocial Orientations
Autorzy:
Szuster, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cognitive biases
the Self and the beyond-Self standards
egocentric asymmetry effect
self-generalization effect
third-person effect
social categorizations
helping vs developing social behavior
Opis:
This is both a review of previous research and a theoretical paper on altruism. It discusses one of the crucial theories of prosocial involvement: the distinction between endo- and exocentric prosocial motivation depending on the type of internal gratification for the involved individual: satisfaction of the Self vs. improving the circumstances of another person. The relevance and validity of this distinction finds support in early empirical studies. Contemporary findings suggest a more universal regulatory context of this idea, which transcends the domain of altruism and extends to the more general issues of the Self and social perception. In addition, it anticipates a number of cognitive biases consequential to the relationship between endocentric regulation and the Self. The findings support a reinterpretation of the original term “prosocial motivation” and the use of a broader interpretative construct “prosocial orientation”, understood as a complex syndrome of regulation that encompasses the processes of social perception, value judgements, and Self-regulation, both explicit and subliminal.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2018, 49, 2; 240-250
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Artysta jako nieświadomy neurobiolog. Filmoznawczo-neurokognitywistyczna analiza myśli Hugo Münsterberga i Lwa Kuleszowa
Autorzy:
Przybysz, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/923253.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Kuleszow
Münsterberg
film
art
brain
mind
artist
creativity
inspiration
cognitive science
neurobiology
Kuleszow effect
editing
scientific experiments
perception
consciousness
attention
cognitive sciences
nauroscience
Opis:
The history and theory of art have often shown, before the era of neurobiology, cognitive psychology and cognitive science, that great artists are unconscious neurobiologists, activating with their art the areas of the brain of recipients that cause aesthetic experience, and using in their works the principles of perception or optical illusions, unknown to ordinary mortals, and sometimes also to creators at the level of consciousness. The following considerations are intended to approximate and, to some extent, to rehabilitate and save film creators and theoreticians who are being forgotten, the ones who, long before the discoveries of the cognitive sciences, considered theoretically and carried out empirical experiments aimed at showing and explaining the mysteries of human perception and the influence of the film on the viewer. I will present the profiles of the two pioneers of pre-cognitive thought on the basis of film studies: Hugo Münsterberg and Lew Kuleszow. I will show that half a century before neuroscientific research, they dealt with the cognitive processes of human cognition. I will present the contemporary state of cognitive sciences to illustrate the pioneering and legitimacy of visions, intuitions and achievements of the above creators, who are underestimated and forgotten by time and the achievements of “cold” science, although neuroesthetics researchers who have been involved in the problem of perception of works of art and rehabilitation of the merits of the past in the area of neuroscience for some time cannot be denied their achievements. Ignoring their contribution and achievements in the science of cognition, especially as to this day they are continued in research laboratories, in my subjective opinion, equals the potential underestimation of Leonardo da Vinci’s contribution to medical science or Darwin’s to research emotions.
Źródło:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication; 2019, 25, 34; 137-147
1731-450X
Pojawia się w:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ środowiska wirtualnego na procesy uwagi: efekt rozgrzania i drenażu poznawczego
The influence of virtual environment on attention processes: cognitive warm-up effect and cognitive drain
Autorzy:
Rozczyn, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/459880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
wirtualna rzeczywistość
uwaga
rozgrzanie poznawcze wyczerpanie poznawcze
drenaż poznawczy
virtual reality
attention
cognitive warm–up effect
cognitive load
cognitive drain
Opis:
Cel badania. Celem badania było sprawdzenie hipotezy o istnieniu wpływu środowiska wirtualnego (VR) na zakres funkcjonowania uwagi i wystąpienie efektu rozgrzania poznawczego u osób badanych. Metody badania. W badaniu wzięło udział 36 osób, w wieku od 20 do 35 lat. Analiza obejmowała porównanie wyników zebranych przed przystąpieniem do gry i po jej zakończeniu w dwóch grupach. Grupa badawcza grała w wirtualnej rzeczywistości, grupa kontrolna na komputerze PC. Badanie w grupie VR przeprowadzono z użyciem Gogle VR Oculus Rift oraz Touch Motion–Controller. Grupa kontrolna użytkowała komputery prywatne. Obie grupy jako pretest oraz posttest wykonały równoważne wersje testu uwagi i spostrzegawczości TUS. Wyniki badania. Analiza wyników uzyskanych w teście uwagi i spostrzegawczości (TUS) wykazała, że środowisko wirtualne zadziałało poznawczo wyczerpująco na osoby badane, a szybkość pracy percepcyjnej oraz zawodność uwagi pogorszyły się istotnie statystycznie. Analiza wyników wśród graczy komputerowych wykazała, że szybkość pracy percepcyjnej poprawiła się istotnie statystycznie po zakończeniu gry, zatem środowisko komputerowe zadziałało mobilizująco na system poznawczy graczy i wystąpiło u nich zjawisko rozgrzania poznawczego. Wnioski. Badanie jest krokiem w kierunku zrozumienia, jaki wpływ ma wirtualna rzeczywistość na funkcjonowanie uwagi. Okazuje się, że granie w środowisku wirtualnym działa poznawczo wyczerpująco i powoduje czasowy spadek wydolności poznawczej.
Purpose of the study. The main goal of this study was to verify a hypothesis on the existence of virtual environment influences on the functioning of the attention and occurrence of the cognitive warm–up effect among the study subjects. Methodology. 36 people participated in this study, aged from 20 to 35. The analysis included comparison of results gathered before playing the game and after playing it, in two groups. The experimental group played games in virtual reality, the control group played on PCs. The study in VR group was conducted with use of Oculus Rift headset and Touch Montion–Controller. The control group used private computers. As a pre–test and post-test both groups completed the TUS questionnaire. Main results. Analysis of the results gathered from attention and perceptivity test (TUS) showed that virtual reality had a cognitive drain effect on the participants, also the perception speed and attention reliability declined with statistical significance. Analysis of the results among computer players showed that perception speed improved significantly after playing the game. Concluding, playing on PC mobilized the cognitive system of the players and triggered the cognitive warm–up effect. Conclusions. This study is a step towards understanding what kind of influence virtual reality has on attention functioning. It turns out that virtual reality had a cognitive drain effect on the participants causes temporary drop of cognitive efficiency.
Źródło:
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk; 2019, 9; 418-426
2084-1426
Pojawia się w:
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cognitive flexibility and flexibility in coping in nurses – the moderating role of age, seniority and the sense of stress
Autorzy:
Kruczek, Agnieszka
Basińska, Małgorzata A.
Janicka, Martyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-16
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
general nurse
cognitive flexibility
moderation effect
flexibility in coping
Flexibility in Coping with Stress Questionnaire
sense of stress
Opis:
ObjectivesThe nursing profession entails many stressful situations and challenges, such as heavy workload, shift work, emotional demands and professional conflicts. In the light of the results of the research conducted so far, flexible coping has occurred to be highly adaptive, as its association with adaptive struggle with the disease, fewer depressive symptoms and both greater mental well-being and better health have been proven. In connection with the above, the aim of this study was to determine the nature of the relationship between cognitive flexibility and flexibility in coping in nurses, taking into account the moderating role of age of the respondents, seniority and the sense of stress.Material and MethodsThe study sample consisted of 280 persons working as nurses (age range: 21–66). The number of women and men reflected their percentage distribution in this profession, as it is highly feminized. The following methods were used in the study: the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) by Dennis and Vander Wal, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen et al., the Flexibility in Coping with Stress Questionnaire (FCSQ-14) by Basińska et al., and a self-developed survey.ResultsAs the obtained research results show, cognitive flexibility in both the Control and Alternatives subscales was a predictor of flexible coping and their subscales. The analysis revealed that the model of the relationship between cognitive flexibility and flexibility in coping was moderated by age, seniority and the sense of stress.ConclusionsCoping skills and flexibility are positively correlated with the psychological adjustment of nurses.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 4; 507-521
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cognitive technologies in the management and formation of directions of the priority development of industrial enterprises
Autorzy:
Kwilinski, Aleksy
Kuzior, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410162.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
enterprise management
stochastic model
artificial intelligence
cognitive model
perceptron
neural network
digital innovation
economic effect
Opis:
The possibilities of using cognitive technologies in the organization of systematic industrial enterprise management are described in the article. Strategic links are defined in the development of a system of stochastic models of enterprise management based on artificial intelligence. The possibility of introduction of the Perceptron model in the industrial enterprise management with the purpose of identification of "bottlenecks" in the functionality of business activity and improvement of procedures of decision-making in the framework of creation of the program of development and technical re-equipment of the enterprise is proven. The authors offered an organizational and economic mechanism of operation of an industrial enterprise, which includes new means of implementation of managerial actions through the use of a matrix of assessment of the level of implementation of cognitive technologies. The method of determining priority directions for the implementation of cognitive technologies at an enterprise was developed based on the results of the assessment of the depth of penetration of cognitive technologies and the result obtained from their implementation, which additionally takes into account the resource ratio of the implemented technologies defined as the ratio of estimates of the actual level of competencies to what is needed to work with new cognitive technologies, which allows to obtain the planned economic and organizational effect.
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2020, 2 (28); 133-138
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Humorous and Non-Humorous Effects in Sitcoms: a Relevance-Theoretic Perspective
Autorzy:
Wieczorek, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-11
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Relevance Theory
sitcom
humorous effect
cognitive effect
non-propositional effect
weak communication
teoria relewancji
sitkom
efekt humorystyczny
efekt poznawczy
efekt niepropozycyjny
słaba komunikacja
Opis:
Humorous utterances can be divided into those which are created for their own sake (that is, to amuse others), dubbed autotelic humour, and those which communicate truthful and/or untruthful meanings germane to the ongoing conversation, dubbed speaker-meaning-telic humour (Dynel 2018). The present paper carries out a qualitative analysis of humorous units in sitcom discourse with a view to delineating a number of propositional meanings, which can be potentially derived by the TV recipients. Special attention is confined to one of the most powerful tools used to explain humour in various humorous manifestations, i.e. weak implicatures (Sperber and Wilson 1986 [1995]; Wilson and Sperber 2004). It is believed here that pragmatic COMPREHENSION mechanisms proposed within Relevance Theory and the notion of weakly communicated assumptions are two sides of the same coin since these account not only for the viewer’s recovery of a humorous interpretation but also of an array of non-humorous propositional meanings. Moreover, the participatory framework has been employed as an additional parameter to show the difference in the reception of a dialogue by fictional characters and the viewers.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica; 2020, 15; 312-323
2083-1765
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Indonesian Neuropsychological Test Battery (INTB): psychometric properties, preliminary normative scores, the underlying cognitive constructs, and the effects of age and education
Autorzy:
Wahyuningrum, Shinta Estri
Sulastri, Augustina
Hendriks, M.P.H
van Luijtelaar, Gilles
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28763588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-06
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
Cognitive construct
Indonesian Neuropsychology Test Battery
Psychometric
age-effect
education-effect
Opis:
Indonesia lacks standardized and adapted neuropsychological tests, which hampers their use in clinical practice. Recently, an Indonesian Neuropsychological Consortium has initiated the adaptation of ten internationally commonly used tests for use in Indonesia. Here, we report the analyses of the psychometric properties, including preliminary normative data, the reliability, the underlying cognitive constructs, and the effects of age and education on these constructs as validity indicators. Four hundred ninety healthy adults living on Java Island participated in this study. All subjects completed the Indonesian Neuropsychological Test Battery (INTB) for diagnosis of various cognitive functions. The test-retest reliability was determined in a parallel study with fifty participants. Underlying cognitive constructs were assessed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed seven constructs that accounted for 62.84% of the total variance, and the goodness of fit of the model was good. ANOVA’s showed significant effects of age on six constructs (i.e., speed of visuospatial information processing, auditory short-term and working memory, speed and inhibitory control, and verbal learning ability). Age effects were not found for executive internal language. All constructs showed effects of education, except for recall and verbal learning ability. Interestingly, as expected, not all constructs showed the same age-dependent decline, and if present, all seem to be unique. It is concluded that the psychometric properties of the INTB justify their usage for the Indonesian population.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2022, 20(4); 445-470
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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