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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Concepts and Concept Formation: Goffman and Beyond
    Autorzy:
    Scheff, Thomas J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138838.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006-12-21
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Grounded concepts
    Goffman
    Research methods
    Concrete examples
    Cognates
    Awareness structures
    Embarrassment
    Opis:
    The social and behavioral sciences need distinctive concepts to escape entrapment in cultural assumptions. Currently there are several sources for concepts, but vernacular words are most frequently used. These words are usually ambiguous and may reaffirm the status quo. This essay proposes that a new approach is implied in Goffman’s work. Most of the new terms he invented went undefined. However, he can be seen as struggling in much of his writing to develop two basic components of the “looking-glass self,” awareness structures and embarrassment. His method seems to have involved using many vernacular cognates and close examination of detailed examples of each concept. The implication is that it might be possible to ground concepts by 1. Listing and examining links to vernacular and technical cognates, and 2. Closely exploring many concrete examples. A study of one type of awareness structure, collective denial (Zerubavel 2006), can also be used to illustrate the potential of this method.
    Źródło:
    Qualitative Sociology Review; 2006, 2, 3; 48-64
    1733-8077
    Pojawia się w:
    Qualitative Sociology Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cognate facilitation effects in trilingual word recognition
    Autorzy:
    Szubko-Sitarek, Weronika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780811.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-08
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    multilingual mentl lexicon
    nonselective lexical access
    cognates processing
    Opis:
    Research on bilingual word recognition suggests that lexical access is nonselective with respect to language, i.e., that word representations of both languages become active during recognition. One piece of evidence supporting nonselective access is that bilinguals recognize cognates (words that are identical or similar in form and meaning in two or more languages) faster than noncognates. In fact, any difference between how cognates and ‘monolingual’ words are processed by multilinguals would indicate that the other, currently irrelevant language must have played a role as well, at least as long as the two groups of words are comparable with respect to all dimensions other than language membership. The aim of the present paper is to report on two visual perceptual experiments conducted within the lexical decision task paradigm whose aim was to test the assumptions concerning the special position of cognates (the cognate facilitation effect, cf. Dijkstra, 2005) within a trilingual mind and to answer the question whether trilinguals rely upon their second language lexical knowledge when recognizing L3 words. The results of the experiments attest to simultaneous activation and parallel processing as well as interaction among all the three languages. At the same time, they point to the fact that cross-linguistic lexical access and the source and strength of transfer may be constrained by variables such task demands.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2011, 1, 2; 189-208
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An etymological comparison of English fist and Polish pięść: how they both descended from the pie root for ‘five’
    Autorzy:
    Rychło, Mikołaj
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/577179.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Polish-English cognates
    diachronic phonology
    sound changes
    Opis:
    The focus of the paper is the historical comparison of E fist and P pięść from the perspective of diachronic phonology. The paper specifically addresses the issue of the phonological development of this pair of cognates. The main aim is to explain the relatedness and differentiations of the modern reflexes of the original Proto-Indo-European roots and to account for their different phonological developments in both languages with a view to understanding the connection between the contemporary cognates. These aims are realised by means of searching for sound changes that explain the discrepancy in the phonological shapes of modern cognates and collecting other pairs of cognates that demonstrate the effect of theses sound changes. As the result of the historical and comparative analysis, it is argued that some of the Proto-Germanic reconstructions are more likely than others and in conclusion the most probable development of the two cognates is outlined in the chronological order. It is remarkable that the cognates of the compounds pięść / fist are to be found almost exclusively in Slavic and Germanic and the effect of their development resembles blending.
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Silesiana; 2012, 33; 19-37
    0208-4228
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ENGLISH HERD AND POLISH TRZODA: HOW THE TWO WORDS DEVELOPED FROM ONE PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN ETYMON
    Autorzy:
    Rychło, Mikołaj
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/444258.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-06-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
    Tematy:
    Polish-English cognates
    diachronic phonology
    sound changes
    Opis:
    The paper concentrates on the historical comparison of English herd and Polish trzoda from the perspective of the hypothesis of common origin. As Polish and English are descendants of a common ancestor, the Proto-Indo-European language, it is expected that the two words, different from one another as they may seem today, go back to one and the same common proto-word. Consequently, the pair of cognates should exhibit the sound correspondences which result from sound changes. The main aim of the paper is to explain the relatedness and differentiations of the modern reflexes of the original Proto- Indo-European word and to account for their different phonological developments in both languages with a view to understanding the connection between the contemporary cognates. This aim is realised by means of searching for sound changes that explain the discrepancy in the phonological shapes of modern cognates and collecting other pairs of cognates that demonstrate the effect of these sound changes. As the result of the historical and comparative analysis, it is argued that some of the reconstructions are more likely than others and, in conclusion, the most probable development of the two cognates is outlined in the chronological order.
    Źródło:
    Acta Neophilologica; 2013, XV/1; 155-165
    1509-1619
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Neophilologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Englisch mead, Polnisch miód und Hochdeutsch Met aus der historisch-vergleichenden Perspektive
    English mead, Polish miód and German Met from a historical and comparative perspective
    Autorzy:
    Rychło, Mikołaj
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/679661.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Slavic-Germanic cognates
    diachronic analysis
    sound change
    contrastive analysis
    relic
    Opis:
    The paper presents a diachronic analysis of Polish miód ‘honey’, English mead and German Met ‘mead’ conducted according to a new approach to contrastive studies.Taking into account potential cognates in other languages, the work aims to investigate the evolution of the common ancestor word *medh-u- in two lines of development: the Slavic leading to modern Polish, and the Germanic leading to modern English and High German. In order to understand these branching paths, the pertinent sound changes have been identified, which transformed the common proto-form. These developments are illustrated with further examples and, in the summary, ordered chronologically. The paper also discusses an old compound *medvědь (Polish niedźwiedź), which can be considered a taboo designation for a bear, and contains also the root *medъ ‘honey’.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica; 2018, 14; 57-65
    2449-6820
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polish reż and English rye concealed in Polish rżysko: a case study of a pair of cognates and a root archaism
    Autorzy:
    Rychło, Mikołaj
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050926.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Polish-English cognates
    Slavic-Germanic cognates
    sound change
    semantic change
    root archaism
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to conduct a diachronic analysis of the Polish word rżysko ‘stubble’, whose root retains the primary designation of rye, namely reż ‘rye, obs.’. Although this noun was ousted by żyto ‘rye’, a derivative of the verb żyć ‘to live’, its cognates are still used in many Slavic and Germanic languages, e.g. Russian rožь (рожь) ‘rye’, and English rye. The paper presents other cognates with a view to contrasting the English word rye with its obsolete Polish cognate reż and understanding the evolution of both words. For this purpose, the study seeks to identify the sound changes responsible for the discrepancy between the Polish-English cognates which developed from *rugh i-. The derivative rżysko ‘stubble’ has been analysed in the context of other nomina loci as well as the semantic change which affected the word. It is suggested that the phenomenon exemplified by rżysko can be referred to as a root archaism.
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Silesiana; 2018, 39; 119-133
    0208-4228
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polski leksem dziecko i angielski leksem felicity jako wyrazy pokrewne: studium etymologiczno-historyczne
    Polish dziecko and English felicity as cognates: an etymological and historical study
    Autorzy:
    Żyśko, Angelina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519581.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    Polish-English cognates
    semantic change
    linguistic worldview
    panchrony
    Opis:
    According to etymological sources, Polish dziecko ‘a child’ and English felicity ‘joy, happiness’ are cognates, as they derive from the same Proto-Indo-European root *dhe(i) ‘to suck’. Despite the fact that these two have chosen two different paths in their semantic evolution in different cultures (dziecko in Slavic one, and felicity first in Romance culture, later in Germanic one), it seems that they were both mentally associated with babyhood and maternity at a certain moment in the past. The objectives of the paper are the following. First, I want to present the Slavic etymology of the lexeme dziecko, as well the Romance and Germanic etymology of felicity. Second, I aim to chase and discuss their semantic evolution from Proto-Indo European root *dhe(i) ‘to suck’ to their contemporary meanings. Third, I choose to find and explain the extralinguistic (cultural) factors which motivated the above mentioned semantic changes. In order to explicate the motivation behind culturally conditioned semantic alteration, a reference is made to the theory of linguistic worldview, as understood by Jerzy Bartmiński (2002, 2006), as well as to panchrony, as viewed by Przemysław Łozowski (2010, 2018).
    Źródło:
    Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne; 2022, 13; 309-320
    2084-1302
    Pojawia się w:
    Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Role prefixoidů z klasických jazyků při obohacování slovní zásoby (nejen) češtiny na příkladu komponentů bio- a eko-
    The role of prefixoids originating in the classical languages in the process of enriching (not only) vocabulary of the Czech language (based on bio- and eko- components)
    Autorzy:
    Králová, Eliška
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28395250.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Tematy:
    przedrostki i prefiksoidy łacińskie i greckie
    neologizmy
    wzbogacenie zasobu słownictwa
    internacjonalizmy
    prefixes and prefixoids of Latin and Greek origin
    neologisms
    enriching a lexicon
    cognates
    Opis:
    Komponenty słowotwórcze z języków klasycznych są elastycznym i skutecznym narzędziem oznaczania nowych faktów będących wynikiem szybko postępujących zmian o zasięgu globalnym. Wymagania współczesnych systemów językowych co do wydajności, tj. funkcjonalności i internacjonalności, nowych słów są duże. Nowo powstające wyrazy muszą stanowić reakcję na zmieniające się realia życia i odpowiadać na potrzeby komunikacyjne użytkowników w rzeczywistości cechującej się szybkimi zmianami cywilizacyjnymi. Formanty słowotwórcze pochodzące zarówno z łaciny, jak i greki spełniają te warunki. Prefiksoidy łacińskie i greckie można łatwo łączyć z komponentami rodzimymi i obcymi, a jednocześnie są one bardzo produktywne. Z jednej strony to sytuacja korzystna z punktu widzenia użytkowników danego języka, z drugiej strony jednak pojawia się ryzyko nadużywania i stopniowego wyczerpywania znaczenia niektórych słów i konieczności zastępowania ich innymi. Rozmówcy, którzy stopniowo poszerzają swój zasób słów o nowe wyrazy i wyrażenia mogą w tym procesie wykorzystać swoją dotychczasową wiedzę i doświadczenia, które konceptualnie łączą się z wykorzystaniem komponentów słowotwórczych pochodzenia łacińskiego oraz greckiego. Autorka artykułu łączy wiedzę językową dotyczącą przedrostków i prefiksoidów pochodzenia łacińskiego i greckiego w języku czeskim z wiedzą z zakresu lingwodydaktyki, ukazuje przy tym zjawisko funkcjonowania w języku czeskim pewnych wpływów z języka angielskiego.
    The word-formation components originating in the classical languages are both malleable and effective device of marking new facts resulting from rapidly occuring changes on the global scale. What seems to be a decisive factor here, are considerable requirements of contemporary language systems towards newly coined words, that relate to those words’ functionality and internationality. The newly formed words need to mirror the transient realities of life and meet the communicative needs of speakers who live in the reality characterised by fast civilisation changes. Both the word-building formants originating in Latin and those originating in Greek fulfill those requirements. Latin and Greek prefixoids, in addition to being highly productive, may be easily combined with word-building components of native and foreign origin. On the one hand, it is an advantageous situation from the viewpoint of a given language users, while on the other, the said situation creates a risk of abusing and exhausting the meaning of some words, which brings about the need to eventually replace them with others. The speakers who gradually broaden their lexicons by including the newly-formed words may, in the course of this process, utilise their preexisting knowledge and thusfar experience that on the conceptual level correspond to the usage of word-formation components originating in Latin and Greek. The author of the article has combined her linguistic knowledge pertaining to how prefixes and prefixoids originating in Latin and Greek function in the Czech language, with the research findings of language didactics. At the same time, the author indicates particular case where the English language influences the Czech language.
    Źródło:
    Z Teorii i Praktyki Dydaktycznej Języka Polskiego; 2022, 31; 1-11
    0208-5011
    2353-9577
    Pojawia się w:
    Z Teorii i Praktyki Dydaktycznej Języka Polskiego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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