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Tytuł:
Retention, recovery and recycling of metal values from high alloyed Steel slags
Retencja, odzysk i recycling metalu z żużli wysokostopowych stali
Autorzy:
Teng, L. D.
Seetharaman, S.
Nzotta, M.
Dong, P. D.
Ge, H. L.
Wang, L. J.
Wang, H. J.
Chychko, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
retencja
odzysk
recykling
żużel
stal chromowa
odwęglanie
retention
recovery
recycling
slag
chromium steel
decarburization
Opis:
The work was carried out in four parallel directions. The thermodynamic activities of oxides of Cr in steel slags were determined by slag-gas equilibration technique. The ratio of Cr2+/Cr3+ in CaO-MgO(-FeO)-AlO3-SiO2-CrO× system slags was measured by X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES). High-temperature mass spectrometry method was also used to obtain the distribution of chromium oxides. A mathematical correlation was established for estimating the ratio of Cr2+/Cr3+ as a function of temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and slag basicity. Laboratory investigations of the decarburization of high alloy steels under controlled oxygen potentials have been carried out to retain Cr in the steel phase. A mathematical model has been developed for the decarburization process with controlled oxygen partial pressure. Experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out in optimizing the Mo-additions to steel in the EAF practice in Uddeholm Tooling AB. Substantial saving of Mo as well as less emissions of Mo-bearing dust are indicated in the study. A salt extraction process was developed to extract the metal values from steel slags. Successful extractions, followed by electrolysis indicate that this could be a viable route towards recovery of metals from metallurgical slags.
Praca była realizowana w czterech równoległych kierunkach. Termodynamiczne aktywności tlenków Cr w żużlu zostały określone w stanie równowagi żużel-gaz. Stosunek Cr2+/Cr3+ w żużlach CaO-MgO-(-FeO)-AlO3-SiO2-CrOx mierzono metodą absorpcji promieniowania rentgenowskiego w pobliżu krawędzi widm (XANES). W celu uzyskania rozdziału tlenków chromu wykorzystano wysokotemperaturową spektrometrię masową. Korelację matematyczną ustalono do oceny stosunku Cr2+/Cr3+, jako funkcji temperatury, ciśnienia parcjalnego tlenu i zasadowości żużla. Badania laboratoryjne odwęglania stali wysokostopowych, kontrolowanego przez potencjał tlenowy przeprowadzono, aby pozostawić Cr w stali. Model matematyczny został opracowany dla procesu odwęglania z kontrolą parcjalnego ciśnienia tlenu. Eksperymentalne i teoretyczne badania zostały przeprowadzone przez optymalizację dodatku Mo do stali w procesie EAF w Uddeholm Tooling AB. Znaczne oszczędności Mo, a także mniejsza emisja pyłu zawierającego Mo są wskazane w badaniu. Proces ekstrakcji soli został stworzony, aby wyodrębnić metal z żużli stalowniczych. Udane ekstrakcje, a następnie elektrolizy, wskazują, że mogłaby to być opłacalna droga do odzysku metali z żużli metalurgicznych.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2010, 55, 4; 1097-1104
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Designing of X46Cr13 Steel Heat Treatment in Condition of Casting Mould
Autorzy:
Przyszlak, Natalia
Piwowarski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314161.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
layered casting
bimetal
high chromium steel
grey cast iron
odlew warstwowy
stal wysokochromowa
żeliwo szare
Opis:
The paper presents issues related to the technology of layered castings manufactured in the system: working part made of high-chromium steel X46Cr13 - base part made of gray cast iron with flake graphite, using the mould cavity preparation technology. Considering the high hardenability of the above-mentioned steel grade, the aim of the research was to optimize the casting parameters of gray cast iron in such a way that it would be possible to perform heat treatment of X46Cr13 steel directly in the casting mould. As part of the research, the geometry of the working and base parts of layered castings was selected, and guidelines for mould technology from the point of view of the moulding sand were developed. In order to control the cooling rate, three matrix of the moulding sand were used - quartz sand, chromite sand and silicon carbide, with the same granularity. The thermal conductivity coefficient of sands made on selected matrix, bound with synthetic resin in the ratio of 30:1, was experimentally determined. Then, the bimetal casting process in a given mass was simulated in the MagmaSoft® (ver. 5.4.1). The purpose of the simulation was to determine the maximum virtual temperature Tm in the thermal center of the outer surface of the X46Cr13 steel insert. From the point of view of the research purpose, the insert was expected to heat up to the austenitization temperature, i.e. at least 950°C.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2023, 23, 2; 119--126
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of the Heating Temperature of a Nickel-Chromium Steel Charge Material on the Stability of the Forging Process and the Durability of the Die
Autorzy:
Hawryluk, Marek R.
Lachowicz, Marzena
Janik, Marta
Gronostajski, Zbigniew
Stachowicz, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28099626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
forging
engine
chromium-nickel steel with austenitic microstructure
valve
forging tools
Opis:
The study discusses the issues of low durability of dies used in the first operation of producing a valve type forging from high nickel steel assigned for the application in motor truck engines. The analyzed process of manufacturing the exhaust valve forgings is realized in the coextrusion technology, followed by forging in closed dies. This process is difficult to master, mainly due to elevated adhesion of the charge material (high nickel steel - NCF3015) to the tool substrate as well as very high abrasive wear of the tool, most probably caused by the dissolution of hard carbide precipitates during the charge heating. A big temperature scatter of the charge during the heating and its short presence in the inductor prevents microstructure homogenization of the bearing roller and dissolution of hard precipitates. In effect, this causes an increase of the forging force and the pressures in the contact, which, in extreme cases, is the cause of the blocking of the forging already at the beginning of the process. In order to analyze this issue, complex investigations were conducted, which included: numerical modelling, dilatometric tests and hardness measurements. The microstructure examinations after the heating process pointed to lack of structure repeatability; the dilatometric tests determined the phase transformations, and the FEM results enabled an analysis of the process for different charge hardness values. On the basis of the conducted analyzes, it was found that the batch material heating process was not repeatable, because the collected samples showed a different amount of dissolved carbides in the microstructure, which translated into different hardnesses (from over 300 HV to 192 HV). Also, the results of numerical modeling showed that lower charge temperature translates into greater forces (by about 100 kN) and normal stresses (1000 MPa for the nominal process and 1500 MPa for a harder charge) and equivalent stresses in the tools (respectively: 1300 MPa and over 1800 MPa), as well as abrasive wear (3000 MPa mm; 4500 MPa mm). The obtained results determined the directions of further studies aiming at improvement of the production process and thus increase of tool durability.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 711--722
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of wear resistant of low-alloyed and chromium cast steel
Autorzy:
Studnicki, A.
Szajnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
stal niskostopowa
staliwo chromowe
wskaźnik zużycia
low alloyed cast steel
chromium cast steel
wear index
Opis:
Results of investigations of wear resistant of two species of cast steel were introduced in the article (low-alloyed and chromium cast steel) on the background of the standard material which was low alloy wear resistant steel about the trade name CREUSABRO Ž8000. The investigations were executed with two methods: abrasive wears in the stream of loose particles (the stream of quartz sand) and abrasive wears particles fixed (abrasive paper with the silicon carbide). Comparing the results of investigations in the experiments was based about the counted wear index which characterizes the wears of the studied material in the relation to the standard material.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 79-84
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Casting of Hearth Plates from High-chromium Steel
Autorzy:
Drotlew, A.
Garbiak, M.
Piekarski, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381336.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innovative technologies
innovative materials
high-chromium steel castings
heat insulating sleeves
hearth plate
technologie innowacyjne
materiały innowacyjne
stal chromowa
rękaw termoizolacyjny
Opis:
The paper presents the results of studies on the development of manufacturing technologies to cast hearth plates operating in chamber furnaces for heat treatment. Castings made from the heat-resistant G-X40CrNiSi27-4 steel were poured in hand-made green sand molds. The following operations were performed: computer simulation to predict the distribution of internal defects in castings produced by the above mentioned technology with risers bare and coated with exothermic and insulating sleeves, analysis of each variant of the technology, and manufacture of experimental castings. As a result of the conducted studies and analysis it was found that the use of risers with exothermic sleeves does not affect to a significant degree the quality of the produced castings of hearth plates, but it significantly improves the metal yield.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 4; 27-30
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Wear Mechanism of High-Chromium Gyratory Crusher Mantle Lining in Terms of the Assessment of the Used Material
Analiza zużycia stożka wewnętrznego kruszarki stożkowej pod kątem oceny zastosowanego materiału
Autorzy:
Bembenek, Michał
Krawczyk, Janusz
Zagórski, Krzysztof
Pawlik, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27310181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
gyratory crusher
erosion wear mechanism
high-chromium cast steel
kruszarki stożkowe
mechanizm zużycia erozyjnego
staliwo wysokochromowe
Opis:
After the rock is excavated in bulky chunks, it must be processed into fractions usable by diverse branches of industry. There are many approaches to achieving a fine aggregate, and the gyratory crusher is often preferable. Alas, since its working surfaces are subjected to heavy loads of abrasive material, the lining of the gyratory crusher is prone to specific geometry degeneration mechanisms. The authors subjected the mantle lining to a series of tests, such as metallurgical microstructure analysis, chemical composition and hardness evaluation and X-ray examination. Although most mantles are manufactured from the high-manganese Hadfield steel family, the lining was fabricated from high-chromium hypoeutectic white cast steel with a white iron structure. The difference in the chosen material's chemical composition resulted in an uncommon wear mechanism with visible inclined craters emerging in the lower part of the cone, where erosive, dynamically-moving particles were concentrated.
Po wydobyciu skały w dużych kawałkach wymaga ona przetworzenia na frakcje nadające się do wykorzystania przez różne gałęzie przemysłu. Istnieje wiele sposobów na uzyskanie drobnego kruszywa, a kruszarka stożkowa jest często preferowaną opcją. Niestety, jej powierzchnie robocze poddawane są dużym obciążeniom ściernym, co skutkuje tym, że wykładzina kruszarki stożkowej jest podatna na specyficzne mechanizmy degeneracji geometrii. Autorzy poddali wyłożenie stożka szeregowi badań, m.in. analizie mikrostruktury, ocenie składu chemicznego, rentgenowskiej analizie fazowej i twardości w odniesieniu do właściwości tribologicznych na podstawie analizy mechanizmu zużycia. Większość stożków jest wykonywana ze stali wysokomanganowej rodziny Hadfielda, w tym przypadku wyłożenie zostało wykonane z wysokochromowej, podeutektycznego staliwa o strukturze odpowiadającej żeliwu białemu. Zastosowany materiał spowodował występowanie charakterystycznego mechanizmu zużycia w postaci tworzenia się kraterów, gdzie zużycie erozyjne koncentruje się w dolnej części stożka, przy której koncentruje się oddziaływanie większych dynamicznie przemieszczających się cząstek.
Źródło:
Tribologia; 2023, 1; 27--40
0208-7774
Pojawia się w:
Tribologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania wielkości ziarna w staliwie chromowym odpornym na zużycie ścierne
Investigation of the Grain Size of Wear Resistant Chromium Cast Steel
Autorzy:
Suchoń, J.
Studnicki, A.
Szajnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
staliwo chromowe
odporność na zużycie
stereologia
wielkość ziarna
chromium cast steel
wear resistance
stereology
particle size
Opis:
Przedstawione wyniki stanowią fragment badań prowadzonych w Katedrze Odlewnictwa Politechniki Śląskiej nad polepszeniem właściwości staliw chromowych stosowanych na maszyny robocze pracujące w bardzo ciężkich warunkach. Przykładem takich maszyn są kombajny górnicze. W pracy skupiono się na analizie czynników wpływających na wielkość ziarna staliwnego odlewu tulei. Wielkość ziarna jest obok składu chemicznego głównym czynnikiem decydującym o odporności na zużycie pracującego elementu.
The presented results are a part of research conducted in the Department of Foundry, Silesian University of Technology on the improvement of the properties of chromium cast steels for heavy machines working in very hard conditions. Examples of such machines are combines mining. The paper focuses on the analysis of the factors influencing on the structure grain size of sleeve casting. The grain size is the main factor, next to the chemical composition, which determines the wear resistance of the working element.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3 spec.; 100-104
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hot Dipping of Chromium Low-alloyed Steel in Al and Al-Si Eutectic Molten Baths
Autorzy:
Attia, G. M.
Afify, W. M. A.
Ammar, M. I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
coating
hot dipping
aluminizing
chromium low alloyed steel
powłoka
aluminiowanie
stal niskostopowa chromowa
Opis:
Chromium low alloyed steel substrate was subjected to aluminizing by hot dipping in pure aluminium and Al-Si eutectic alloy at 750°C and 650°C respectively, for dipping time up to 45 minutes. The coated samples were subjected for investigation using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Cyclic thermal oxidation test was carried out at 500°C for 72 hours to study the oxidation behaviour of hot-dipped aluminized steel. Electrochemical corrosion behavior was conducted in 3wt. %NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The cyclic thermal oxidation resistance was highly improved for both coating systems because of the formation of a thin protective oxide film in the outermost coating layer. The gain in weight was decreased by 24 times. The corrosion rate was decreased from 0.11 mmpy for uncoated specimen to be 2.9 x10-3 mmpy for Aluminum coated steel and 5.7x 10-3 mmpy for Al-Si eutectic coated specimens. The presence of silicon in hot dipping molten bath inhabit the growth of coating intermetallic layers, decrease the total coating thickness and change the interface boundaries from tongue like shape to be more regular with flatter interface. Two distinct coating layers were observed after hot dipping aluminizing in Al bath, while three distinct layers were observed after hot dipping in Al-Si molten bath.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 1; 37-50
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hot Dipping of Chromium Low-alloyed Steel in Al and Al-Si Eutectic Molten Baths
Autorzy:
Attia, G. M.
Afify, W. M. A.
Ammar, M. I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
coating
hot dipping
aluminizing
chromium low alloyed steel
powłoka
aluminiowanie
stal niskostopowa chromowa
Opis:
Chromium low alloyed steel substrate was subjected to aluminizing by hot dipping in pure aluminium and Al-Si eutectic alloy at 750°C and 650°C respectively, for dipping time up to 45 minutes. The coated samples were subjected for investigation using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Cyclic thermal oxidation test was carried out at 500°C for 72 hours to study the oxidation behaviour of hot-dipped aluminized steel. Electrochemical corrosion behavior was conducted in 3wt. %NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The cyclic thermal oxidation resistance was highly improved for both coating systems because of the formation of a thin protective oxide film in the outermost coating layer. The gain in weight was decreased by 24 times. The corrosion rate was decreased from 0.11 mmpy for uncoated specimen to be 2.9 x10-3 mmpy for Aluminum coated steel and 5.7x 10-3 mmpy for Al-Si eutectic coated specimens. The presence of silicon in hot dipping molten bath inhabit the growth of coating intermetallic layers, decrease the total coating thickness and change the interface boundaries from tongue like shape to be more regular with flatter interface. Two distinct coating layers were observed after hot dipping aluminizing in Al bath, while three distinct layers were observed after hot dipping in Al-Si molten bath.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 1; 30-50
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Primary Crystallization of High Chromium Cast Steel in Metastable Conditions
Autorzy:
Studnicki, A.
Kondracki, M.
Szajnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382201.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
transport system
chromium cast steel
primary crystallization
DTA method
system transportowy
stal chromowana
krystalizacja pierwotna
metoda DTA
Opis:
The analysis of the primary crystallization of wear corrosive-erosive high chromium cast steel was introduced in the article on the basis of investigations the widened method of the differential thermal analysis with testers DTA-C and DTA-Is. The use of these testers enabled the analysis of crystallization for the various rates of cooling.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2s; 59-66
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Primary Crystallization Studies and Abrasion Analysis of Cr-Ni-Mo Cast Steel
Autorzy:
Studnicki, A.
Gromczyk, M.
Kondracki, M.
Suchoń, J.
Szajnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382166.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
chromium cast steel
primary crystallization
wear test
abrasion
pin on disc
staliwo chromowe
krystalizacja pierwotna
badanie zużycia
ścieranie
Opis:
The article shows results of studies of primary crystallization and wear resistance of Cr-Ni-Mo cast steel intended for work in corrosive and abrasive conditions. The studies of primary crystallization were conducted with use of TDA method and modified tester allowing measurement casting cooling time influence on the cooling and crystallization curves of studied alloys. After heat treatment of examined cast steel wear tests of the samples were conducted on pin-on-disc type device.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4; 75-80
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Abrasive Wear of Alloyed Cast Steels Applied for Heavy Machinery
Autorzy:
Studnicki, A.
Kondracki, M.
Suchoń, J.
Szajnar, J.
Bartocha, D.
Wróbel, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
low alloyed cast steel
chromium cast steel
abrasive wear
pin on disc method
staliwo niskostopowe
staliwo chromowe
zużycie ścierne
metoda "pin on disc"
Opis:
In the paper the results and analysis of abrasive wear studies were shown for two grades of cast steels: low-alloyed cast steel applied for heavy machinery parts such as housing, covers etc. and chromium cast steels applied for kinetic nodes of pin-sleeve type. Studies were performed using the modified in Department of Foundry pin-on-disc method.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 1; 99-104
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in Abrasive Wear Resistance During Miller Test of Cr-Ni Cast Steel with Ti Carbides Formed in the Alloy Matrix
Autorzy:
Tęcza, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2126908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
chromium-nickel cast steel
microstructure
titanium carbides
hardness
abrasion
staliwo chromowo-niklowe
mikrostruktura
węgliki tytanu
twardość
ścieralność
Opis:
Austenitic chromium-nickel cast steel is used for the production of machine parts and components operating under corrosive conditions combined with abrasive wear. One of the most popular grades is the GX2CrNi18-9 grade, which is used in many industries, and mainly in the chemical, food and mining industries for tanks, feeders, screws and pumps. To improve the abrasion resistance of chromium-nickel cast steel, primary titanium carbides were produced in the metallurgical process by increasing the carbon content and adding titanium, which after alloy solidification yielded the test castings with the microstructure consisting of an austenitic matrix and primary carbides evenly distributed in this matrix. The measured hardness of the samples in both as-cast conditions and after solution heat treatment was from 300 to 330HV0.02 and was higher by about 40-70 units compared to the reference GX2CrNi18-9 cast steel, which had the hardness of 258HV0.02. The abrasive wear resistance of the tested chromium-nickel cast steel, measured in the Miller test, increased by at least 20% (with the content of 1.3 wt% Ti). Increasing the Ti content in the samples to 5.3 and 6.9 wt% reduced the wear 2.5 times compared to the common GX2CrNi18-9 cast steel.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 4; 110--115
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Production of Chromium Boride Layers on Carbon Steel with Conversion Treatment: Chromium Deposition + Diffusion Annealing
Autorzy:
Boubaaya, R.
Benarioua, Y.
Allaoui, O.
Djendel, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031720.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
carbon steel
boriding
chromium plating
diffusion annealing
chromium boride
Opis:
The present study has been conducted in order to obtaining chromium boride layers on carbon steel using a conversion processing comprising the following steps: boriding treatment in order to increase the amount of boron atoms in the steel surface, deposition of a thin layer of pure chromium using electrolytic method, and finally an annealing treatment for boron diffusion and formation of boride layer until complete transformation of chromium layer. Depending on the method used (chromium deposition followed by boriding or boriding followed by chromium deposition) and the holding time, the partial or complete conversion is obtained as a result of the diffusion process. The role of the annealing temperature on transformation rates of chromium into chromium boride films was investigated. It is shown that for 1 h at 900°C, the chromium layer is totally transformed. The scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction showed the presence of CrB and CrB₂ chromium borides in addition of FeB and Fe₂B iron borides.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 132, 3; 541-543
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of alloying method on the structure and properties of sintered stainless steel
Autorzy:
Dudek, A.
Lisiecka, B.
Ulewicz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sintered duplex stainless steel
chromium carbide
Opis:
Sintered duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) appear to be very interesting and promising materials that can be used in many industrial sectors. Ferrite improves material strength while austenite increases hardness and corrosion resistance. This study proposes a method to improve functional properties (e.g. hardness and wear resistance) by means of alloying the surface of the sintered duplex steel with Cr3C2 + 10% NiAl powder. The results of optical microscope metallography, SEM/EDX, XRD analysis and microhardness and wear resistance measurements are also presented. The surface alloying with Cr3C2 is a manufacturing method of surface layer hardening in sintered stainless steels and modification of surface layer properties such as hardness and coefficient of friction.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 281-287
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 21

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