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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Some properties of solutions for two-dimensional choice problems reconsidered
    Autorzy:
    Lahiri, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206252.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1999
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
    Tematy:
    funkcja wyboru
    funkcja wyboru addytywna
    problem wyboru
    additive choice function
    choice function
    choice problem
    egalitarian choice function
    Nash chice function
    Opis:
    In this paper, we take up the problem of axiomatically characterizing what we have referred to in the paper as the additive choice function on the classical domain for choice problems. Apart from an impossibility result for the additive choice function, there is an axiomatic characterization, which as a by-product provides a counterexample to a conjecture for the egalitarian choice function. In an appendix, we provide a proof of an axiomatic characterization of the egalitarian choice function using a superadditivity axiom. In this paper, we also provide proofs of axiomatic characterizations of the family of non-symmetric Nash choice functions and the family of weighted hierarchies of choice functions. Our conclusion is that earlier axiomatizations are essentially preserved on the classical domain for choice problems. The proofs are significant in being non-trivial and very dissimilar to existing proofs for other domains.
    Źródło:
    Control and Cybernetics; 1999, 28, 1; 75-87
    0324-8569
    Pojawia się w:
    Control and Cybernetics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sum List Edge Colorings of Graphs
    Autorzy:
    Kemnitz, Arnfried
    Marangio, Massimiliano
    Voigt, Margit
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31340809.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-08-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
    Tematy:
    sum list edge coloring
    sum choice index
    sum list coloring
    sum choice number
    choice function
    line graph
    Opis:
    Let $ G = (V,E) $ be a simple graph and for every edge $ \mathcal{e} \in E $ let $ L(e) $ be a set (list) of available colors. The graph $ G $ is called $L$-edge colorable if there is a proper edge coloring $ c $ of $ G $ with $ c(\mathcal{e} ) \in L( \mathcal{e} ) $ for all $ \mathcal{e} \in E $. A function $ f : E \rightarrow \mathbb{N} $ is called an edge choice function of $G$ and $G$ is said to be $f$-edge choosable if $G$ is $L$-edge colorable for every list assignment $L$ with $ |L( \mathcal{e} )| = f( \mathcal{e} ) $ for all $ \mathcal{e} \in E $. Set $ \text{size}(f) = \Sigma_{ \mathcal{e} \in E } f(e) $ and define the sum choice index $ \chi_{sc}^' (G) $ as the minimum of $ \text{size} (f) $ over all edge choice functions $f$ of $G$. There exists a greedy coloring of the edges of $G$ which leads to the upper bound $ \chi_{sc}^′ (G) \le 1/2 \Sigma_{ v \in V } d(v)^2 $. A graph is called sec-greedy if its sum choice index equals this upper bound. We present some general results on the sum choice index of graphs including a lower bound and we determine this index for several classes of graphs. Moreover, we present classes of sec-greedy graphs as well as all such graphs of order at most 5.
    Źródło:
    Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory; 2016, 36, 3; 709-722
    2083-5892
    Pojawia się w:
    Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ``A Mathematical Look at Politics” by E. Arthur Robinson, Jr., Daniel H. Ullman
    Autorzy:
    Mercik, Jacek W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/748443.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
    Tematy:
    voting procedures, social choice function, divisor methods, game, conflict, Nash equilibrium, weighting voting, privileges
    Opis:
    The 460-page book “A Mathematical Look at Politics” (E. Arthur Robinson, Jr. and Daniel H. Ull-man. A mathematical look at politics. CRC Press–Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, 2011. ISBN: 978-1-4398-1983-8) written by Arthur Robinson and Daniel Ullman [1]   consists of four chapters (the descriptions of the chapters are given in parenthesis): I --- Voting (the two candidate case,  social choice functions, criteria for social choice, which methods are good?,  Arrow’s theorem, variations on a theme), II --- Apportionment (Hamilton’s Method, Divisor Methods, Criteria and Impossibility, the Method of Balinski and Young, Choosing a Divisor Method, History of Apportionment in the United States), III --- Conflict (Strategies and Outcomes, Chance and Expectation, Solving Zero-Sum Games, Conflict, Nash Equilibria, the Prisoner’s Dilemma) and chapter IV --- the Electoral College (Weighted Voting and Privileges). At the end of each chapter there are problems and exercises. Finally, solutions to the exercises and problems, bibliography and index are at the end. Recommendations for instructors are also presented at the end of the preface. In the preface, one may find the declaration of the Authors that this book focuses on mathematical reasoning about politics rather than on mathematics:--  Is there a good way to choose winners of elections?--  Is there a good way to apportion congressional seats?--  Is there a good way to make decisions in situations of conflict and uncertainty?The book offers an alternative textbook to the usual mathematics courses for liberal arts students seeking to meet a general education requirement in mathematics or quantitative reasoning. What makes this book mathematical is not numbers or formulas, but rather reasoning. The book requires rather little background in mathematics or political science. Some experience with the American system of government is assumed.
    Źródło:
    Mathematica Applicanda; 2013, 41, 2
    1730-2668
    2299-4009
    Pojawia się w:
    Mathematica Applicanda
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rekurencyjne i konserwatywne reguły decyzyjne przy wyborze technologii medycznych w warunkach ryzyka
    Recursive and conservative decision rules in choice of the health technology under risk
    Autorzy:
    Jakubczyk, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/587786.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
    Tematy:
    Dominacja stochastyczna pierwszego rzędu
    Funkcja wyboru
    Krzywe akceptowalności
    Ocena technologii medycznych
    Własność α
    Choice function,
    Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves
    First-order stochastic dominance
    Health technology assessment
    Property α
    Opis:
    W pracy rozważany jest problem wyboru technologii medycznych z uwzględnieniem wielokryterialności (ocena ze względu na efekt i koszt) oraz niepewności oszacowań ocen wariantów. Przedmiotem opracowania są metody wspierania decydenta, a w szczególności ilustrowania wpływu niepewności na ocenę wariantów. W opracowaniu zaproponowano modyfikację tzw. krzywych akceptowalności (cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, CEAC), tak aby zminimalizować wpływ nieintuicyjnych własności przedstawianych w literaturze (np. naruszeń własności α funkcji wyboru, naruszenia dominacji stochastycznej pierwszego rzędu). W szczególności zaproponowano stosowanie CEAC w oparciu o rekurencyjny lub konserwatywny dobór porównań parami do wykonania. Wykazano, że zaproponowane podejścia eliminują wiele niepożądanych własności CEAC.
    In real-life decision problems evaluations of decision alternatives are estimated. Decision makers typically want the uncertainty to be visualised in an intuitive way. Presence of multiple criteria complicates the situation further. In health technology assessment cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC) are often used for sensitivity analysis. The goal of this study is to modify the way CEAC are used, so as to remove non-intuitive properties reported in the literature (while preserving their usefulness in sensitivity analysis). I suggest restricting CEAC to specifically selected pair-wise comparisons, in a recursive and a conservative approach. I show that both approaches remove problems typical for regular CEAC when uncertainty is normally distributed (e.g., CEACs become robust against alternative cloning and modifying correlations; guarantee α property; agree with first-order stochastic dominance). For general distributions the properties of CEACs are also somewhat improved.
    Źródło:
    Studia Ekonomiczne; 2015, 235; 84-99
    2083-8611
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ekonomiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bezdzietność z wyboru w konfrontacji z podstawowymi wartościami małżeństwa. Perspektywa katolickiej teologii moralnej
    Childfree by choice in a confrontation with the fundamental values of marriage
. The perspective of catholic moral theology
    Autorzy:
    Glombik, Konrad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/475213.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego
    Tematy:
    childfree by choice, procreative function of marriage, vocation of spouses to parenthood, nature of spousal love, responsible parenthood, marriage as an important social value
    Opis:
    Contemporary socio-cultural changes and the mentality associated mainly with individualism have a significant impact on marriage and family. This is manifested not only in the change of the concept of marriage and family, but also in delaying the decision of marriage, alternative forms of marital life, acceptance of divorces and infidelity, as well as transformation in the understanding and realization of the procreative function of marriage. The report published by CBOS in January 2010 presenting the results of the studies on the procreation attitudes of Poles shows that the vast majority of respondents under 30 years of age are planning to have an offspring, but there are also those who do not intend to have children. There are many reasons for this approach to procreation, and the phenomenon of voluntary exclusion of children from marital life is referred to as childfree by choice. Although childlessness affects nowadays many marriage couples, and it has its roots in various biological and social reasons, being childfree by choice is a conscious attitude of exclusion offspring from marital life, in a situation where parenting is possible, based on different motives and not just for some defined period of time in marriage, but for the whole martial life. The phenomenon of childfree by choice is the subject of researches of various sciences, including sociology, psychology, anthropology, cultural studies and philosophy. The childfree by choice, understood as a specific attitude to formation of marital life, is also an interest of moral theology, especially of its important branch which is the morality of marriage and family life. The following text is an attempt to assess the problem of the childfree by choice from the perspective of catholic moral theology and its confrontation with the core values associated with the meaning of marriage and family life. One of the fundamental values of marriage is the vocation of spouses to parenthood, the negation of which is the attitude to the childfree by choice. Another problem that arises in connection with the conscious resignation by spouses of parenting is the understanding of the nature of spousal love, which is the foundation of marriage. Childfree by choice is an attitude justified by the spouses with different reasons, including responsibility, which makes it important to confront the issue from the perspective of the concept closely connected with married life, namely responsible parenthood. Marriage and the fulfillment of its procreative function is for the catholic moral theology an important social value, consequently also from this point of view the attitude of conscious choice of childfree in marriage was analyzed.
    Źródło:
    Family Forum; 2012, 2; 12-29
    2084-1698
    Pojawia się w:
    Family Forum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Smoothing parameter values in automatic choice procedure and in acceptable interval in the kernel density estimation
    Wartości parametru wygładzania w automatycznej procedurze i w przedziałach akceptowalnych w jądrowej estymacji funkcji gęstości
    Autorzy:
    Baszczyńska, Aleksandra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699886.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
    Tematy:
    kernel density estimation, smoothing parameter, kernel function, automatic choice
    estymacja jądrowa funkcji gęstości, parametr wygładzania, funkcja jądra, wybór automatyczny
    Opis:
    https://doi.org/10.26485/0459-6854/2018/68.3/4 Automatyczna procedura określania parametrów metody jądra pozwala na jednoczesny wybór dwóch parametrów metody: funkcji jądra i parametru wygładzania. To podejście upraszcza procedurę wyboru parametrów, a jednocześnie zapewnia dobre właściwości estymatorów jądra. Drugą procedurą, która jest w pracy, jest akceptowalny odstęp wartości parametrów wygładzania, co pozwala na bardziej uogólnione podejście do wyboru parametru wygładzania w szacowaniu jądra. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy wartości parametrów wygładzania, ustalonych w procedurze automatycznej oraz procedury akceptowalnego odstępu wartości parametrów wygładzania w oszacowaniu funkcji gęstości. Porównanie tych wartości odbywa się w oparciu o wyniki stosowania metod symulacji. Na podstawie badań symulacyjnych proponuje się i przeanalizuje nowe odstępy wartości parametrów wygładzania.
    https://doi.org/10.26485/0459-6854/2018/68.3/4 Automatic procedure for determining the parameters of kernel method, allows the simultaneous selection of two method parameters: kernel function and smoothing parameter. This approach simplifies the procedure for parameters selection and at the same time provides a good properties of kernel estimators. The second procedure regarded in the paper is the acceptable interval of values of smoothing parameter, allowing for a much more generalized approach in choosing the smoothing parameter in the kernel estimation. The results of the smoothing parameter values comparison, where these values are set in the automatic procedure and the procedure of the acceptable interval of smoothing parameters values in the estimation of density function, are presented in the paper. Comparison of these values is made basing on the results of applying the simulation methods. Basing on simulation studies results new intervals of values of smoothing parameter are proposed and analyzed.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin de la Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Łódź, Série: Recherches sur les déformations; 2018, 68, 3; 51-58
    1895-7838
    2450-9329
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin de la Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Łódź, Série: Recherches sur les déformations
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Stylistic Exploration of War Register in Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun and Mantel’s Bring up the Bodies
    Autorzy:
    Bamigboye, Omolade
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1163397.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    English
    choice
    function
    register
    style
    stylistics
    war
    Opis:
    The paper examines the similarities of authorial style in the depiction of war in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun and Hilary Mantel’s Bring up the Bodies. Using the Systemic Functional Grammar as theoretical model, it investigates the deployment of the register of war in the achievement of linguistic style by both Adichie and Mantel. The theory sees language from a social semiotic perspective, using linguistic choices a language user makes as a measure of deliberate and conscious decisions in the ultimate fulfilment of functions. Going by Halliday (1985: 38) definition of register as a functional variety of language, that is language variability according to use, the authorial deployment of same in the overall attainment of style in the selected texts is investigated. The findings reveal that not only do both authors show similar thematic interests in both novels, but that they also exhibit stylistic patterns that suggest perceived affinities to almost the same literary and linguistic influences.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2018, 109; 71-83
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Komplementarność w przyrodzie i... poza nią? albo: coincidentia oppositorum w Biblii, jak tego chce Cusanus
    Complementarity in Nature and… beyond? or: coincidentia oppositorum as Cusanus wishes it
    Autorzy:
    Toeplitz, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425578.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Parafia Ewangelicko-Augsburska w Gdańsku z siedzibą w Sopocie
    Tematy:
    calculus of probability
    lack of knowledge
    faith
    choice
    uncertainty and risk
    evidence
    immanent contradictions in the Bible
    faith creating function of ignorance
    Opis:
    Complementarity in Nature and … beyond? or: coincidentia oppositorum in the Bibleas Cusanus wishes it In the micro-world, science states both indeterminacy of cognitive re-sults and dubious character of elementary particles, e.g. of light: corpus¬cular and wave. Hence former ideal of science which was supposed to give certainty of cognitive results lost its raison d'être, not mentioning the principle of indeterminacy. In humanities and in everyday life we aim at formulating conclusions which are supposed to give certainty. If we are not able to give evidence, cognition must be lacking precision to some extent. Since the whole Bible has inspired character, the contradictions appearing in it cannot be accidental, and so they become a task for a man. Therefore criterion of coherence in the Bible does not have raison d'être, and hence we encounter some immanent contradictions in it, e.g. recommendations, and on that account a man has to choose between them, the choices resulting in for and against arguments. In consequence, the act of faith will have to be accompanied by uncertainty and risk. The author illustrates these theses by the examples from the Old and the New Testaments, exemplarily analyzing so called „Abraham’s conflict”. Existentialized faith understood in this way does not comprise single acts, there should be repetitive choices forcing a man into steady activity in religious sphere. In contrast to empirical sciences, contradictions included in the Bible do not onlydisqualify the Gospel, but they have faith-creating character because of it.
    Źródło:
    Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki; 2015, 9; 243-257
    1898-1127
    Pojawia się w:
    Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his ideas in the spectrum of the pressing challenges of our time: to the postulates of modern psychological and pedagogical interaction
    Autorzy:
    Manokha, Irina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388533.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
    Tematy:
    philosophizing
    theorizing
    explanatory model of social world
    social function
    personal sovereignty
    a meaningful synthesis of the historical facts
    „natural” nature of education
    the freedom of choice - as elements of the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    postulates of modern psychological and educational interaction
    Opis:
    The personality and creativity of Jean-Jacques Rousseau are multifaceted, sometimes difficult to structure and observe in modern humanistic theorizations, although the idea of a special social function of personal sovereignty and the idea of history as a meaningful synthesis of historical facts have not lost their relevance today, if we find the necessary range of review and ways of implementation. Another example – the idea of education as a system, which should be the very nature – the nature of the pupil, the “nature-loving” educator, and the natural educational process itself. If we consider the idea of following the natural pupil so as to create conditions for detection, disclosure, and facilitating the full deployment of the individual capacities of the pupil, this idea is at least highly relevant. This is an aspect of the modern psychological, pedagogical, and even – political – mainstream, the focus of what is most concerned about contemporary human society and its various institutions. If we consider that the idea of naturalness facilitates the educational process as a way of bringing it closer to some “maieutic” ideal – it is also one of the centrifugal issues of modern pedagogy and educational affairs in general, the question – how to make the process – non-violent, opening prospects, and not prevent them from forming the ability to independently explore the world and find ways of acting effectively in it. If we treat the idea of the “nature-loving” educator as subtly and carefully acting in relation to any of the manifestations of the pupil, thereby unleashing the potential of the tutor, is not this the way to pre-empt all types of “burn up” (both professional, and emotional) for the modern educator in the broad sense of the word – “sculptor of human souls”? In this article with the elements of an essay – the proposal is to make a fascinating excursion, full of unexpected discoveries into the world of Rousseau.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2015, 29, 2; 44-52
    1734-1582
    2451-2230
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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