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Wyszukujesz frazę "chemical extraction" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions via adsorption on activated biocarbon obtained from post-extraction residue
Autorzy:
Przytulska, Agata
Gargol, Mateusz
Gil-Kowalczyk, Małgorzata
Nowicki, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
post-extraction residue
chemical activation
activated biocarbon
methylene blue
adsorption
Opis:
This paper deals with adsorption of a cationic dye – methylene blue - on the activated biocarbon obtained via chemical activation of horsetail herb post-extraction residue. The effects of initial dye concentration, temperature, solution pH, as well as the phase contact time on the adsorption effectiveness have been tested. The adsorbent prepared was characterized based on the results of elementary analysis, surface area measurements, thermal analysis as well as determination of the acid-base nature of its surface. It has been shown that micro/mesoporous horsetail herb-based activated biocarbon exhibits a significantly higher ability to methylene blue uptake than the commercial activated carbon prepared from peat. It has been also found that the adsorption capacity increases with the increasing initial dye concentration in the solution and the phase contact time. The maximum adsorption toward methylene blue was found at pH=12 and at temperature of 40 C. A better fit to the experimental data was obtained with a Langmuir isotherm than Freundlich one, whereas better fit of the kinetic data was achieved using the pseudo-second order model.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2022, 58, 2 (Special issue - selected papers conference: Physicochemistry of interfaces - instrumental methods); art. no. 146709
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical composition of dried Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves and effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction on total steviosides content in extract
Autorzy:
Yen, N.T.H.
Quoc, L.P.T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049307.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Włókien Naturalnych i Roślin Zielarskich
Tematy:
Stevia rebaudiana
chemical composition
stevioside
low calorie
sweetener
extraction
skład chemiczny
ekstrakcja
substancja słodząca
zawartość sumy stewiozydów
ultradźwięki
Opis:
Introduction: Steviol stevioside, which has been used in the production of food products as a low-calorie sweeten, is one of the main glycoside groups in the leaves of the Stevia plants. It is useful for human health. Objective: The main objection of the present study was to find out some major chemical compositions of the dried Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves and an effective, affordable, and environmentally friendly method to reach the high extraction yield of total steviosides from them. Therefore, a novel extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), was carried out to extract total steviosides from dried leaves of S. rebaudiana plant with ethanol of 70% (v/v) as a solvent. Methods: Some major chemical compositions of the dried S. rebaudiana leaves were analyzed according to the AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) and total steviosides content (TSC) was measured by anthrone-sulphuric acid colorimetric assay with main influencing factors including material/solvent ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time. Results: The results referred that some chemical compounds such as protein, lipid, fibre, sugar, etc. existed in this material. The best extraction conditions were the sample/solvent ratio of 1:100 (g/ml), extraction temperature of 75oC, and extraction time of 30 min. Conclusion: The highest amount of total steviosides content of 8.894 % was obtained at the optimal extraction condition. Consequently, these results demonstrated that the parameters of UAE were applied successfully for producing total glycosides.
Źródło:
Herba Polonica; 2021, 67, 1; 1-7
0018-0599
Pojawia się w:
Herba Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Anaerobic Digestion on Selected Heavy Metals Fractionation in Sewage Sludge
Autorzy:
Zdeb, Magdalena
Pawłowska, Małgorzata
Pacan, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124178.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
sewage sludge
anaerobic digestion
heavy metals
sequential chemical extraction
Opis:
Rising efficiency of wastewater purification systems causes an increase in the amounts of sewage sludge. Its land application is economically attractive because of low cost and high efficiency. Using sewage sludge in agriculture is one of the most preferred ways of its disposal. Only stabilized sludge and containing permissible concentrations of heavy metals can be used for this purpose. The heavy metals introduction into the environment may cause a potential problem for public health, especially when they percolate from soil to plants or groundwater. Therefore, the concentrations of heavy metals in sludge intended for agriculture are regulated. Determination of total content of heavy metals in digested sludge is not sufficient for the evaluation of a potential risk to the environment. The mobility and toxicity of heavy metals depend strongly on their specific chemical forms. The concentrations of particular heavy metal fractions are the most important parameters, which should be examined in order to estimate the influence of sludge on the environment. The aim of an article was to evaluate the influence of anaerobic digestion on the concentration and variability of chemical forms of selected heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the sewage sludge coming from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Pulawy (Poland). The content of particular forms of heavy metals in raw and digested sewage sludge was determined by means of the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) method. The BCR method enables separating four fractions of heavy metals: exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual. The results obtained after analyzing raw sludge showed that the majority of the analyzed heavy metals were predominantly associated with the oxidizable and residual fractions. Only in the case of Zn, the reducible form constituted a greater part. In the case of digested sludge, all studied heavy metals exhibited the most dominant oxidizable and residual fractions; however, the percentages of particular fractions were different than in raw sludge. It was noticed that all heavy metals concentrations were higher in digested sludge in comparison to sludge before anaerobic digestion. The content of heavy metals in the analyzed materials did not exceed the admissible Polish levels for the sludge intended for the agricultural use.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 3; 27-35
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative analysis of the evaluation of the influence of waste on the environment depending on the applied research method (on the example of brown coal ash)
Analiza porównawcza oceny wpływu odpadów na środowisko w zależności od zastosowanej metody badawczej (na przykładzie popiołu węgla brunatnego)
Autorzy:
Rosik-Dulewska, Czesława
Karwaczyńska, Urszula
Ciesielczuk, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/216117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
leaching test
lignite ash
heavy metals
sequential chemical extraction
brown coal
BCR
test wymywalności
popiół lotny
metale ciężkie
ekstrakcja sekwencyjna
węgiel brunatny
Opis:
The problem of the migration of metal ions in the environment remains a current problem in light of the quality of obtained crops. The necessity of more and more frequent use of alternative sources of biogens in the form of waste substances, poses a threat of loading significant amounts of metals into the soil – including heavy metals harmful to human health and life. The article discusses a significant problem, namely the comparison of the results of the environmental impact of waste, obtained on the basis of legally authorized leaching tests (three-stage leaching test according to PN-EN 12457:2006), with results obtained from sequential chemical extraction (performed in 4-step chemical extraction developed and recommended in European Union countries by Communities Bureau of References – BCR). The study covered an investigation of industry fly ash from the combustion of lignite, in which Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Na, K, Li concentrations and loads were calculated. A mobility of analyzed elements was established on this basis. From heavy metals, the highest values in fraction I were noted for nickel and copper and zinc as well as nickel were noted for fraction IV . Peaking values of electrolytic conductivity in eluates was created by high concentrations of macroelements (Na and K). These tests confirm that the leaching tests used for their application in the natural environment indicate such concentrations at the highest levels that can be obtained at the first or second stage of sequential chemical extraction, and thus their proper full environmental impact is not known.
Problematyka obiegu jonów metali w środowisku pozostaje aktualnym problemem w świetle jakości uzyskiwanych płodów rolnych. Konieczność coraz częstszego wykorzystywania alternatywnych źródeł biogenów w postaci substancji odpadowych stwarza zagrożenie wnoszenia do gleb znacznych ilości metali – w tym szkodliwych dla zdrowia i życia człowieka – metali ciężkich. W artykule poruszono istotny problem, jakim jest porównanie wyników oceny oddziaływania odpadów na środowisko uzyskanych w oparciu o wykonanie prawnie usankcjonowanych testów wymywalności (trzystopniowy test wymywalności wg PN-EN 12457:2006), z wynikami uzyskanymi z badań sekwencyjnej ekstrakcji chemicznej (w pracy wykonano 4-stopniową ekstrakcję chemiczną opracowaną i zalecaną w krajach Unii Europejskiej przez Communities Bureau of References – BCR). Badaniom poddano popiół lotny ze spalania węgla brunatnego w przemyśle energetycznym, w którym oznaczono stężenia Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Na, K, Li. Na tej podstawie określono mobilność analizowanych pierwiastków. Najwyższe stężenia we frakcji I zanotowano dla chromu i miedzi, zaś w pozostałości (frakcja IV) dla cynku i niklu. Wysokie wartości przewodności elektrolitycznej eluatów były wynikiem znacznych zawartości makropierwiastków (Na i K ). Badania te potwierdzają, że testy wymywalności stosowane na potrzeby ich aplikacji w środowisku przyrodniczym wskazują co najwyżej takie stężenia, jakie uzyskujemy na pierwszym ewentualnie drugim stopniu sekwencyjnej ekstrakcji chemicznej. Co za tym idzie, nie poznajemy ich właściwego pełnego oddziaływania na środowisko.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi; 2019, 35, 4; 135-146
0860-0953
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preparation of Nickel Nanoparticles Using Nickel Raffinate Separated by Solvent Extraction from The Spent FeCl3 Etching Solution
Autorzy:
Park, Il-Jeong
Swain, Basudev
Kim, Dae-Weon
Kim, Geon-Hong
Han, Deok-Hyun
Jung, Hang-Chul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354453.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
nickel
recycling
solvent extraction
chemical reduction
Opis:
FeCl3 bearing etching solution is mainly used for etching of metals used in shadow masks, PCBs and so on. Due course of Invar alloy etching process the FeCl3 bearing etching solution get contaminated with Ni2+ which affect adversely the etching efficiency. Hence, FeCl3 bearing etching solution discarded after several cycle of operation causes an environmental and economic problem. To address both the issues the etching solution was purified through solvent extraction and remained Ni2+ recovered by wet chemical reduction using hydrazine. For optimum Fe3+ extraction efficiency, various extraction parameter were optimized and size and morphology of the recovered pure Ni powder was analyzed. The reported process is a simple process to purify and recover Ni from industry etching solution.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 2; 531-534
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weathering in a regolith on the Werenskioldbreen Glacier forefield (SW Spitsbergen). 2. Speciation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu and Zn in the chronosequence
Autorzy:
Rzepa, Grzegorz
Manecki, Maciej
Jakubski, Grzegorz
Kwaśniak-Kominek, Monika
Czerny, Jerzy
Górniak, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
retreating glaciers
incongruent dissolution
sequential chemical extraction
global warming
Opis:
The evolution of chemical speciation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, and Zn was investigated in the chronosequence of young sediments, exposed by a currently retreating Arctic glacier on Spitsbergen. Werenskioldbreen is a 27 km2 subpolar, land-terminated, polythermal glacier in recession, located near the SW coast of West Spitsbergen. Three samples of structureless till were collected at locations exposed for 5, 45 and 70 years. Four grain-size fractions were separated: > 63, 20–63, 2–20, and < 2 µm. Speciation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, and Zn was determined using a 6-step sequential chemical extraction method: 1) 1 M sodium acetate, 2) 1 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride in acetic acid, 3) sodium dithionite in buffer, 4) acid ammonium oxalate, 5) boiling HCl, 6) residuum. The weathering in the proglacial area of the retreating glacier is very fast. The geochemical fates of the metals in question correlate with each other, reflecting a) the geochemical similarities between them, b) the similarities of their primary mineral sources, c) the significant role of incongruent dissolution. The weathering processes dominating the system are redox reactions and incongruent dissolution, followed by precipitation of secondary phases and partial sorption of aqueous species. As a result, the elements released from weathering minerals are only partially transported away from the system. The remaining part transforms by weathering from the coarse-grained fraction (dominated by fragments of primary minerals) into the fine-grained fraction (in the form of secondary, authigenic minerals or as species sorbed onto a mineral skeleton). This is very strongly pronounced within the chronosequence: the content of each of the metals studied correlates identically with the grain size, despite the differences in their chemical character and affinities. The microscope study presented herein indicates that the role of incongruent dissolution previously was underestimated. Also, the formation of coatings of secondary phases on primary mineral surfaces was observed. All these rapid weathering processes affect the mineral speciation of initial soils as well as the composition of mineral suspensions transported away by rivers to the nearby ocean.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 3; 317-341
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Purification of feldspar from colored impurities using organic acids
Autorzy:
Vapur, H.
Top, S.
Demirci, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
chemical extraction
feldspar
organic acids
statistical analysis
microwave
Opis:
In this study oxalic, citric, and glycolic acids were used in order to reduce Fe and Ti (colored impurities) from the slimes (-75 μm) feldspar samples using organic acids. The results showed that removal ratios of the colored impurities from the feldspar samples were 67.9% for Fe and 43.75% for Ti using oxalic acid and the agitated leaching (AL) method. The influence of main parameters (temperature, pulp density, leaching time, and acid concentration) were examined by using full the factorial design (24) ANOVA-Yates test technique. Next, the removal ratios of Fe% and Ti% in the tests were determined to be 80.44% and 45.39%, respectively. Additionally, the main parameters which were obtained from the best results of AL were optimized for the -500+75 μm feldspar sample. Finally, the microwave-assisted pressure leaching (MAPL) method was apply to determine the effect of pressure on leaching. The obtained results indicated that the optimum removal ratios obtained were 95.74% for Fe and 70.88% for Ti by using the MAPL tests with oxalic acid. Furthermore, the measured whiteness (L) values were observed to be over 90%. This is a suitable purification ratio for the ceramic and glass industry.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2017, 53, 1; 150-160
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Physico-chemical Studies of Base Catalyzed Methanolysis of Some Virgin Tropical Seed Oils
Autorzy:
Esonye, Chizoo
Onukwuli, Okechukwu Dominic
Ofoefule, Akuzuo Uwaoma
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1113573.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Extraction
Physico-chemical Parameters
Transesterification; Biodiesel
Vegetable oils
Opis:
The physico-chemical characterization of Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophillum albidium seed oils were investigated, together with their methyl esters. The vegetable oils were extracted by applying the solvent extraction method, using n-hexane. Prunus amygdalus had the highest oil yield (60.1%), followed by Dyacrodes edulis (55.76 %) and least from Chrysophillum albidium (13.67%). The oils and their biodiesel were then analyzed for acid value, free fatty acid, specific gravity, ash content, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, smoke point, titre value, cloud point, moisture content and refractive index. Accordingly, Dyacrodes edulis seed oil had the highest acid value of 6.57 and required two-step transesterifictaion. The produced biodiesels were discussed in the light of ASTM D 9751, ASTMD 6751 and DIN 14214. These showed yields of 94.36%, 93.03% and 86.49%, cetane numbers of 70.40, 55.20 and 64.57 and calorific values of 31,178.39 KJ/kg, 34,421.50 KJ/kg and 32,838.38 KJ/kg for Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophyllum albidium, respectively. Other fuel-related properties showed highly improved qualities upon transesterification and compared well with ASTM and EU standards. The overall results showed that the seed oils are viable for biodiesel production.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2017, 15; 112-128
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamika ekstrakcji Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb i Cd z przemysłowych i komunalnych osadów ściekowych przy zastosowaniu roztworów EDTA i kwasu cytrynowego
Dynamics of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd Extraction from Industrial and Municipal Sewage Sludge Using EDTA and Citric Acid Solutions
Autorzy:
Karwowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818058.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
osady ściekowe
metale ciężkie
ekstrakcja chemiczna
EDTA
kwas cytrynowy
sewage sludge
heavy metals
chemical extraction
citric acid
Opis:
Sewage sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants accumulates varied contaminations of inorganic as well as organic character. Among them, heavy metals constitute a group of chemical substances which are highly dangerous for natural environment, because of the possibility of their mobilization and migration in environment as a result of changes in surrounding system. Moreover, they are pollutants toxic for humans, non-biodegradable and accumulate in living organisms. In recent years, there has been a great interest in the removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge with different chemical compounds solution and especially metal chelating agents. The goal of this work was to determine the optimal time for extraction of selected metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) from contaminated industrial and municipal sewage sludge by using 0.1 M solutions of EDTA (disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), as well as citric acid. The analyzed wastewater sludge was collected from metallurgic industry treatment plant and from municipal wastewater treatment plant. In sewage sludge samples, the principal parameters were determined and after mineralization with mixture of concentrated mineral acids: HNO3 and HCl (1 : 3) the total content of analyzed heavy metals was detected using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Chemical extraction of metals from sewage sludge 5 g samples was carried out with 50 c3 portions of 0.1M EDTA and citric acids solution for different periods of time, i.e. from 0.5 to 24 hours. After given time of shaking, the liquids were decanted, filtered through a filter paper, and finally the extracts were analyzed for heavy metals content with AAS method. It was observed that both applied solutions effectively washed metals from studied sewage sludge samples. For the period of time from 0.5 up to 5.0 hours, the concentration of almost all metals increased linearly and in the 6th hour of extraction the process was limited and finally for the period of time from 8.0 up to 24 hours, the detected metal contents in extracts were practically the same. The analysis of dependences of metal concentration versus time of extraction yielded in the optimal time of process, what value was determined as equal to 6 hours. The efficiencies of the metals removal from the studied sewage sludge by mans of the analyzed solutions of extractants were compared. Copper and lead reached higher concentration in liquids after EDTA extraction. It indicated that EDTA solution was a more effective extractant for the afore-mentioned metals. The concentration of zinc was higher in citric acid solution and citric acid was determined as more effective compound for zinc removal. For nickel and cadmium, the concentrations of metals were similar in both type of washing solution, which indicated that the efficiencies of both solutions were comparable.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 681-694
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mobilność wybranych metali ciężkich w komunalnych osadach ściekowych
Mobility of Selected Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge
Autorzy:
Wikarek-Paluch, E.
Rosik-Dulewska, C.
Karwaczyńska, U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818051.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
metale ciężkie
komunalne osady ściekowe
sekwencyjna ekstrakcja chemiczna
heavy metals
municipal sewage sludge
sequential chemical extraction
Opis:
The research was aimed at determining the interaction of municipal sewage sludge with the environment in the aspect of its potential for land applications in agriculture, land reclamation and land adaptation to different uses. Sequential extraction of heavy metals according to Brümmer’s method was used in the study. A detailed interpretation of the data allowed to state that the highest content of copper was found in one of the most mobile bindings (fraction I). For other heavy metals only trace amounts were found in the bindings considered as the most mobile (fraction I-III) which proved less risk posed to the environment. The highest percentage share of heavy metals in the investigated sludge was determined in fractions IV to VII (i.e. in bindings rather unavailable to the ecosystem). It should be highlighted that three out of the seven determined metals were bound in the highest amounts with the organic matter (fraction IV): i.e. Zn 49.97%, Pb 66.58% , Mn 41.91%.; three with silicates (fraction VII): i.e.: Cu 40.60%, Ni 88.58%, Cr 34.33%; and only cadmium was found to be bound (30.29%) with crystalline iron oxides (fraction VI).
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 181-192
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zielone technologie w pozyskiwaniu nanomateriałów – zastosowanie białego winogrona (Vitis vinifera) w procesach otrzymywania srebra nanocząstkowego
Green technologies in obtaining nanomaterials – using white grapes (Vitis vinifera) in the processes for the preparation of silver nanoparticles
Autorzy:
Dziwoń, K.
Pulit-Prociak, J.
Banach, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/142766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
Tematy:
nanosrebro
ekstrakcja
białe winogrona
redukcja chemiczna
nanosilver
extraction
white grapes
chemical reduction
Opis:
Badano proces otrzymywania wodnych suspensji nanosrebra z zastosowaniem metody redukcji chemicznej, przy użyciu wodnego ekstraktu z białych winogron, który jest naturalnym źródłem substancji redukujących jony srebra i stabilizujących powstające nanocząstki. Ekstrakty, różniące się parametrami procesów ich otrzymywania, zostały poddane analizom w celu wyboru potencjalnie najkorzystniejszego do procesów otrzymania nanosrebra. Uzyskane produkty zanalizowano za pomocą technik spektrofotometrycznych, techniki rozpraszania światła (DLS) oraz skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej.
A process for preparing aqueous suspensions of nanosilver based on chemical reduction method using an aqueous extract from white grapes has been studied. Grape extract is a natural source of both redactors of silver ions, and stabilizers of the resulting nanoparticles. Extracts differing by parameters of the processes for their preparation were subjected to analytical analysis in order to select potentially most preferred one in the process of receiving nanosilver particles. The resulting product was analyzed by spectrophotometric techniques, light scattering techniques (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy.
Źródło:
Chemik; 2015, 69, 1; 33-38
0009-2886
Pojawia się w:
Chemik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Information extraction from chemical patents
Autorzy:
Bergmann, S.
Romberg, M.
Klenner, A.
Zimmermann, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/305315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
information extraction
chemical patents
HPC
workflows
UNICORE
UIMA
Opis:
The development of new chemicals or pharmaceuticals is preceded by an indepth analysis of published patents in this field. This information retrieval is a costly and time inefficient step when done by a human reader, yet it is mandatory for potential success of an investment. The goal of the research project UIMA-HPC is to automate and hence speed-up the process of knowledge mining about patents. Multi-threaded analysis engines, developed according to UIMA (Unstructured Information Management Architecture) standards, process texts and images in thousands of documents in parallel. UNICORE (UNiform Interface to COmputing Resources) workflow control structures make it possible to dynamically allocate resources for every given task to gain best cpu-time/realtime ratios in an HPC environment.
Źródło:
Computer Science; 2012, 13 (2); 21-32
1508-2806
2300-7036
Pojawia się w:
Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimalization of Metals Ions Extraction from Industrial Wastewater Sludge with Chelating Agents
Optymalizacja procesu ekstrakcji jonów metali z przemysłowych osadów ściekowych za pomocą roztworów związków chelatujących
Autorzy:
Karwowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204854.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
osad ściekowy
metale ciężkie
ekstrakcja
kwas cytrynowy
EDTA
metallurgical wastewater sludge
ions of metals
citric acid
chemical extraction
Opis:
The report presents the results of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) removal from industrial wastewater sludge collected from metallurgy industry. As washing solutions two chelating agents were used: EDTA and citric acid. The study was focused on 0.000 (deionized water), 0.010, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 M and 0.000, 0.050, 0.100, 0.500, 1.000 M, EDTA and citric acid solutions, respectively. Efficiency of EDTA and citric acid solutions for metal removal was studied by extraction of sludge samples with chelators. Chemical extraction of selected metals was effective for both types of solution. Optimal concentration of EDTA was 0.100M for Zn, Ni and Cd, 0.075 M for Cu and Pb. Optimal concentration of citric acid was 0.500 M for all analyzed metals
W skali roku generowane są na oczyszczalniach ścieków ogromne ilości osadów, które kumulują wiele szkodliwych substancji zarówno organicznych, jak i nieorganicznych. Pośród nich szczególne zagrożenie dla środowiska stanowią jony metali ciężkich. Podstawowe kierunki zagospodarowania osadów ustalają limity zawartości metali ciężkich. Z kolei przetrzymywanie osadów na składowiskach innych niż składowisko odpadów niebezpiecznych jest w znacznym stopniu ograniczone przez wymogi Dyrektywy Unii Europejskiej 99/31/EC. Celem badań było określenie optymalnych warunków prowadzenia ekstrakcji metali ciężkich (Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) z osadów ściekowych przy użyciu wybranych ekstrahentów jak EDTA (kwas etylenodiaminotetraoctowy) i kwas cytrynowy. Osady ściekowe pochodziły z oczyszczalni ścieków przemysłowych zakładu metalurgicznego. W osadach całkowitą zawartość metali ciężkich oznaczono, po mineralizacji wodą królewską, metodą ASA. Efektywność wodnych roztworów EDTA i kwasu cytrynowego w wymywaniu badanych metali ciężkich określano poprzez ekstrakcję próbek wodą demineralizowaną, roztworem EDTA o stężeniach: 0.010, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 M oraz kwasu cytrynowego o stężeniach: 0.050, 0.100, 0.500 oraz 1.000 M. Ekstrakcję prowadzono przez 6 godzin w temperaturze pokojowej. W uzyskanych ekstraktach oznaczono zawartość metali ciężkich metodą ASA. Badane osady były znacznie zanieczyszczone metalami. Oznaczone całkowite zawartości cynku, miedzi, kadmu, niklu i ołowiu wynosiły odpowiednio: 3665.0, 112.5, 3.2, 85.0 oraz 120.3 mg/kg s.m.o. Zarówno EDTA, jak i kwas cytrynowy okazały się efektywnymi ekstrahentami badanych metali, przy czym optymalne stężenia dla prowadzenia procesu wyniosły odpowiednio 0.075 oraz 0.500 M. Porównując stopień usunięcia metali z badanych osadów ściekowych przez roztwory o takim samym stężeniu (0.100 M) stwierdzono, że efektywniejszym ekstrahentem dla miedzi i ołowiu okazał się roztwór EDTA, a dla cynku kadmu i niklu roztwór kwasu cytrynowego.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2012, 38, 4; 15-21
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phosphate ore washing by Na2EDTA for cadmium removal: Optimization of the operating conditions
Autorzy:
Benredjem, Z.
Delimi, R.
Khelalfa, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
phosphate ore washing
cadmium
environment
extraction
chemical processes
optimization
Opis:
This paper discusses the extraction of cadmium from phosphate ore by the washing method. Various parameters were investigated for the cadmium extraction from phosphate ore. The results from extraction tests showed that cadmium extraction depends on the nature and concentration of the extracting agent, the liquid/phosphate ore ratio, the temperature and the solution pH. The effi ciency of the nine extracting agents for removing cadmium from phosphate ore was found to be in the order: Na2EDTA > citric acid > tartric acid > ammonium citrate > calcium chloride > ammonium acetate > ammonium chloride > oxalic acid > ammonium hydroxide. In this study cadmium extraction kinetics was best described by the product layer diffusion control model.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2012, 14, 3; 15-20
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spalanie odpadów-konieczność, czy optymalne rozwiązanie?
Burning the waste - necessity or the optimal method?
Autorzy:
Krawczyk, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
Tematy:
odpady
pozyskiwanie paliw i energii z odpadów
składowiska odpadów
utylizacja odpadów
termiczne unieszkodliwianie odpadów
surowce chemiczne
waste
extraction of fuels and energy from waste
landfills
thermal waste disposal
chemical raw materials
Opis:
Omówiono problem, jakim dla współczesnej cywilizacji stały się odpady oraz metody stosowane dla rozwiązania tego problemu. Dokładniej omówiono rozwiązania związane z pozyskiwaniem z odpadów paliw i energii. W warunkach Polski dominować będzie spalanie odpadów, czyli pozyskiwanie ich wartości kalorycznej. Jeśli w skomplikowany układ samorządów, wynajmowanych przez nie firm, składowisk i spalarni wejdą środowiska chemiczne, możliwe będzie przejście do innych technik termicznego unieszkodliwiania odpadów z wytwarzaniem zarówno energii, jak i paliw oraz surowców chemicznych. Pirolityczna obróbka odpadów biologicznych stwarza szanse na zmniejszenie stężenia dwutlenku węgla w atmosferze.
Described is the problem of waste, our civilization cope with, and the methods employed to solve this problem. More detailed description is given to methods producing from waste fuels and energy. In Polish circumstances there will be dominance of waste burning or recycling their thermal energy. It is possible to deploy more profitable methods with production of both energy, fuels and chemical stock. This need chemists to enter complex system of local authorities, companies serving to them, landfills and incinerators. It is worthy of notice that pyrolytic treatment of biowastes makes possible to diminish atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide.
Źródło:
Chemik; 2011, 65, 8; 727-745
0009-2886
Pojawia się w:
Chemik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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