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Tytuł:
Purification of feldspar from colored impurities using organic acids
Autorzy:
Vapur, H.
Top, S.
Demirci, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
chemical extraction
feldspar
organic acids
statistical analysis
microwave
Opis:
In this study oxalic, citric, and glycolic acids were used in order to reduce Fe and Ti (colored impurities) from the slimes (-75 μm) feldspar samples using organic acids. The results showed that removal ratios of the colored impurities from the feldspar samples were 67.9% for Fe and 43.75% for Ti using oxalic acid and the agitated leaching (AL) method. The influence of main parameters (temperature, pulp density, leaching time, and acid concentration) were examined by using full the factorial design (24) ANOVA-Yates test technique. Next, the removal ratios of Fe% and Ti% in the tests were determined to be 80.44% and 45.39%, respectively. Additionally, the main parameters which were obtained from the best results of AL were optimized for the -500+75 μm feldspar sample. Finally, the microwave-assisted pressure leaching (MAPL) method was apply to determine the effect of pressure on leaching. The obtained results indicated that the optimum removal ratios obtained were 95.74% for Fe and 70.88% for Ti by using the MAPL tests with oxalic acid. Furthermore, the measured whiteness (L) values were observed to be over 90%. This is a suitable purification ratio for the ceramic and glass industry.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2017, 53, 1; 150-160
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weathering in a regolith on the Werenskioldbreen Glacier forefield (SW Spitsbergen). 2. Speciation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu and Zn in the chronosequence
Autorzy:
Rzepa, Grzegorz
Manecki, Maciej
Jakubski, Grzegorz
Kwaśniak-Kominek, Monika
Czerny, Jerzy
Górniak, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
retreating glaciers
incongruent dissolution
sequential chemical extraction
global warming
Opis:
The evolution of chemical speciation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, and Zn was investigated in the chronosequence of young sediments, exposed by a currently retreating Arctic glacier on Spitsbergen. Werenskioldbreen is a 27 km2 subpolar, land-terminated, polythermal glacier in recession, located near the SW coast of West Spitsbergen. Three samples of structureless till were collected at locations exposed for 5, 45 and 70 years. Four grain-size fractions were separated: > 63, 20–63, 2–20, and < 2 µm. Speciation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, and Zn was determined using a 6-step sequential chemical extraction method: 1) 1 M sodium acetate, 2) 1 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride in acetic acid, 3) sodium dithionite in buffer, 4) acid ammonium oxalate, 5) boiling HCl, 6) residuum. The weathering in the proglacial area of the retreating glacier is very fast. The geochemical fates of the metals in question correlate with each other, reflecting a) the geochemical similarities between them, b) the similarities of their primary mineral sources, c) the significant role of incongruent dissolution. The weathering processes dominating the system are redox reactions and incongruent dissolution, followed by precipitation of secondary phases and partial sorption of aqueous species. As a result, the elements released from weathering minerals are only partially transported away from the system. The remaining part transforms by weathering from the coarse-grained fraction (dominated by fragments of primary minerals) into the fine-grained fraction (in the form of secondary, authigenic minerals or as species sorbed onto a mineral skeleton). This is very strongly pronounced within the chronosequence: the content of each of the metals studied correlates identically with the grain size, despite the differences in their chemical character and affinities. The microscope study presented herein indicates that the role of incongruent dissolution previously was underestimated. Also, the formation of coatings of secondary phases on primary mineral surfaces was observed. All these rapid weathering processes affect the mineral speciation of initial soils as well as the composition of mineral suspensions transported away by rivers to the nearby ocean.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 3; 317-341
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Anaerobic Digestion on Selected Heavy Metals Fractionation in Sewage Sludge
Autorzy:
Zdeb, Magdalena
Pawłowska, Małgorzata
Pacan, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124178.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
sewage sludge
anaerobic digestion
heavy metals
sequential chemical extraction
Opis:
Rising efficiency of wastewater purification systems causes an increase in the amounts of sewage sludge. Its land application is economically attractive because of low cost and high efficiency. Using sewage sludge in agriculture is one of the most preferred ways of its disposal. Only stabilized sludge and containing permissible concentrations of heavy metals can be used for this purpose. The heavy metals introduction into the environment may cause a potential problem for public health, especially when they percolate from soil to plants or groundwater. Therefore, the concentrations of heavy metals in sludge intended for agriculture are regulated. Determination of total content of heavy metals in digested sludge is not sufficient for the evaluation of a potential risk to the environment. The mobility and toxicity of heavy metals depend strongly on their specific chemical forms. The concentrations of particular heavy metal fractions are the most important parameters, which should be examined in order to estimate the influence of sludge on the environment. The aim of an article was to evaluate the influence of anaerobic digestion on the concentration and variability of chemical forms of selected heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the sewage sludge coming from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Pulawy (Poland). The content of particular forms of heavy metals in raw and digested sewage sludge was determined by means of the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) method. The BCR method enables separating four fractions of heavy metals: exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual. The results obtained after analyzing raw sludge showed that the majority of the analyzed heavy metals were predominantly associated with the oxidizable and residual fractions. Only in the case of Zn, the reducible form constituted a greater part. In the case of digested sludge, all studied heavy metals exhibited the most dominant oxidizable and residual fractions; however, the percentages of particular fractions were different than in raw sludge. It was noticed that all heavy metals concentrations were higher in digested sludge in comparison to sludge before anaerobic digestion. The content of heavy metals in the analyzed materials did not exceed the admissible Polish levels for the sludge intended for the agricultural use.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 3; 27-35
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mobilność wybranych metali ciężkich w komunalnych osadach ściekowych
Mobility of Selected Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge
Autorzy:
Wikarek-Paluch, E.
Rosik-Dulewska, C.
Karwaczyńska, U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818051.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
metale ciężkie
komunalne osady ściekowe
sekwencyjna ekstrakcja chemiczna
heavy metals
municipal sewage sludge
sequential chemical extraction
Opis:
The research was aimed at determining the interaction of municipal sewage sludge with the environment in the aspect of its potential for land applications in agriculture, land reclamation and land adaptation to different uses. Sequential extraction of heavy metals according to Brümmer’s method was used in the study. A detailed interpretation of the data allowed to state that the highest content of copper was found in one of the most mobile bindings (fraction I). For other heavy metals only trace amounts were found in the bindings considered as the most mobile (fraction I-III) which proved less risk posed to the environment. The highest percentage share of heavy metals in the investigated sludge was determined in fractions IV to VII (i.e. in bindings rather unavailable to the ecosystem). It should be highlighted that three out of the seven determined metals were bound in the highest amounts with the organic matter (fraction IV): i.e. Zn 49.97%, Pb 66.58% , Mn 41.91%.; three with silicates (fraction VII): i.e.: Cu 40.60%, Ni 88.58%, Cr 34.33%; and only cadmium was found to be bound (30.29%) with crystalline iron oxides (fraction VI).
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 181-192
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamika ekstrakcji Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb i Cd z przemysłowych i komunalnych osadów ściekowych przy zastosowaniu roztworów EDTA i kwasu cytrynowego
Dynamics of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd Extraction from Industrial and Municipal Sewage Sludge Using EDTA and Citric Acid Solutions
Autorzy:
Karwowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818058.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
osady ściekowe
metale ciężkie
ekstrakcja chemiczna
EDTA
kwas cytrynowy
sewage sludge
heavy metals
chemical extraction
citric acid
Opis:
Sewage sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants accumulates varied contaminations of inorganic as well as organic character. Among them, heavy metals constitute a group of chemical substances which are highly dangerous for natural environment, because of the possibility of their mobilization and migration in environment as a result of changes in surrounding system. Moreover, they are pollutants toxic for humans, non-biodegradable and accumulate in living organisms. In recent years, there has been a great interest in the removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge with different chemical compounds solution and especially metal chelating agents. The goal of this work was to determine the optimal time for extraction of selected metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) from contaminated industrial and municipal sewage sludge by using 0.1 M solutions of EDTA (disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), as well as citric acid. The analyzed wastewater sludge was collected from metallurgic industry treatment plant and from municipal wastewater treatment plant. In sewage sludge samples, the principal parameters were determined and after mineralization with mixture of concentrated mineral acids: HNO3 and HCl (1 : 3) the total content of analyzed heavy metals was detected using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Chemical extraction of metals from sewage sludge 5 g samples was carried out with 50 c3 portions of 0.1M EDTA and citric acids solution for different periods of time, i.e. from 0.5 to 24 hours. After given time of shaking, the liquids were decanted, filtered through a filter paper, and finally the extracts were analyzed for heavy metals content with AAS method. It was observed that both applied solutions effectively washed metals from studied sewage sludge samples. For the period of time from 0.5 up to 5.0 hours, the concentration of almost all metals increased linearly and in the 6th hour of extraction the process was limited and finally for the period of time from 8.0 up to 24 hours, the detected metal contents in extracts were practically the same. The analysis of dependences of metal concentration versus time of extraction yielded in the optimal time of process, what value was determined as equal to 6 hours. The efficiencies of the metals removal from the studied sewage sludge by mans of the analyzed solutions of extractants were compared. Copper and lead reached higher concentration in liquids after EDTA extraction. It indicated that EDTA solution was a more effective extractant for the afore-mentioned metals. The concentration of zinc was higher in citric acid solution and citric acid was determined as more effective compound for zinc removal. For nickel and cadmium, the concentrations of metals were similar in both type of washing solution, which indicated that the efficiencies of both solutions were comparable.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 681-694
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of various organic fertilisers on the heavy metal fractions in the soil. Part 3. Zinc, manganese and iron
Autorzy:
Filipek-Mazur, B
Gondek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1449514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
iron
manganese
chemical extraction
soil
organic material
zinc
soil property
degraded ecosystem
anthropogenic ecosystem
organic fertilizer
heavy metal
Opis:
The paper presents distribution of zinc, manganese and iron in fractions of soil treated with tannery sludge and compost of tannery sludge and peat, and, for the sake of comparison, the soil from a plot treated with farmyard manure (FYM), and mineral fertilisers. Total soil contents of zinc ranged from 38.0 to 47.3 mg kg-1 of soil. The share of mobile zinc forms ranged between 6.05-7.93%. Percentage of the exchangeable form was between 5.8-7.5% of the total Zn contents, while the share of forms bound with organic matter ranged between 10.7 and 12.7%. A considerable part of zinc was bound with manganese and iron oxides. Between 30.14- 43.72% of Zn were found in the residual form. Organic and mineral treatment influenced the share of easily soluble manganese compounds. It ranged between 15.6-19.7%. The least of manganese (1.0-2.0%) occurred in the compounds with crystalline iron oxides. The exchangeable form constituted between 3.4-4.2%, organic fraction accumulated slightly more. Manganese oxides retained the most of the element. Trace amounts of iron were revealed in the first three fractions. The biggest part of this metal was found in sparingly soluble compounds, mainly oxides (over 40%) and on residual fraction (over 30%).
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 51; 215-220
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimalization of Metals Ions Extraction from Industrial Wastewater Sludge with Chelating Agents
Optymalizacja procesu ekstrakcji jonów metali z przemysłowych osadów ściekowych za pomocą roztworów związków chelatujących
Autorzy:
Karwowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204854.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
osad ściekowy
metale ciężkie
ekstrakcja
kwas cytrynowy
EDTA
metallurgical wastewater sludge
ions of metals
citric acid
chemical extraction
Opis:
The report presents the results of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) removal from industrial wastewater sludge collected from metallurgy industry. As washing solutions two chelating agents were used: EDTA and citric acid. The study was focused on 0.000 (deionized water), 0.010, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 M and 0.000, 0.050, 0.100, 0.500, 1.000 M, EDTA and citric acid solutions, respectively. Efficiency of EDTA and citric acid solutions for metal removal was studied by extraction of sludge samples with chelators. Chemical extraction of selected metals was effective for both types of solution. Optimal concentration of EDTA was 0.100M for Zn, Ni and Cd, 0.075 M for Cu and Pb. Optimal concentration of citric acid was 0.500 M for all analyzed metals
W skali roku generowane są na oczyszczalniach ścieków ogromne ilości osadów, które kumulują wiele szkodliwych substancji zarówno organicznych, jak i nieorganicznych. Pośród nich szczególne zagrożenie dla środowiska stanowią jony metali ciężkich. Podstawowe kierunki zagospodarowania osadów ustalają limity zawartości metali ciężkich. Z kolei przetrzymywanie osadów na składowiskach innych niż składowisko odpadów niebezpiecznych jest w znacznym stopniu ograniczone przez wymogi Dyrektywy Unii Europejskiej 99/31/EC. Celem badań było określenie optymalnych warunków prowadzenia ekstrakcji metali ciężkich (Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) z osadów ściekowych przy użyciu wybranych ekstrahentów jak EDTA (kwas etylenodiaminotetraoctowy) i kwas cytrynowy. Osady ściekowe pochodziły z oczyszczalni ścieków przemysłowych zakładu metalurgicznego. W osadach całkowitą zawartość metali ciężkich oznaczono, po mineralizacji wodą królewską, metodą ASA. Efektywność wodnych roztworów EDTA i kwasu cytrynowego w wymywaniu badanych metali ciężkich określano poprzez ekstrakcję próbek wodą demineralizowaną, roztworem EDTA o stężeniach: 0.010, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 M oraz kwasu cytrynowego o stężeniach: 0.050, 0.100, 0.500 oraz 1.000 M. Ekstrakcję prowadzono przez 6 godzin w temperaturze pokojowej. W uzyskanych ekstraktach oznaczono zawartość metali ciężkich metodą ASA. Badane osady były znacznie zanieczyszczone metalami. Oznaczone całkowite zawartości cynku, miedzi, kadmu, niklu i ołowiu wynosiły odpowiednio: 3665.0, 112.5, 3.2, 85.0 oraz 120.3 mg/kg s.m.o. Zarówno EDTA, jak i kwas cytrynowy okazały się efektywnymi ekstrahentami badanych metali, przy czym optymalne stężenia dla prowadzenia procesu wyniosły odpowiednio 0.075 oraz 0.500 M. Porównując stopień usunięcia metali z badanych osadów ściekowych przez roztwory o takim samym stężeniu (0.100 M) stwierdzono, że efektywniejszym ekstrahentem dla miedzi i ołowiu okazał się roztwór EDTA, a dla cynku kadmu i niklu roztwór kwasu cytrynowego.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2012, 38, 4; 15-21
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The risk scale estimation of the agricultural environment pollution by heavy metals using the sequential extraction method
Autorzy:
Rosada, J.
Grzesiak, J.
Schroeder, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778152.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
huta miedzi
metale ciężkie
gleba
zanieczyszczenia
ekstrakcja sekwencyjna
copper smelter
heavy metals
soil
pollution
sequential chemical extraction method
Opis:
From among various industrial contaminants which can pollute agricultural environment, heavy metals having the capacity of bioaccumulation deserve special attention. The total composition analysis of the heavy metals content in the polluted soils does not provide enough data about their accessibility to the crops cultivated on these soils. It is very important to have the information about the forms in which the examined element exists, because it decides about its mobility and toxicity for the environment. Using the sequential chemical extraction method of Zeien and Brümmer the fractions of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and As in the soils influenced by emissions from the Copper Smelter GŁOGÓW, were investigated. The aim of these investigations was to determine the availability assessment of the mentioned elements to the crops cultivated in this region.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2007, 9, 3; 151-154
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of various organic fertilisers on the heavy metal fractions in the soil. Part 2. Chromium and cadmium
Autorzy:
Filipek-Mazur, B
Gondek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1449480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
chromium
chemical extraction
soil
cadmium
organic material
soil property
degraded ecosystem
anthropogenic ecosystem
organic fertilizer
agricultural chemistry
heavy metal
Opis:
The subject of the paper was to determine chromium and cadmium fractions in the soils treated with tannery organic materials. Methods, characteristics of experimental materials and the tested soils were presented in the first part of the paper. After four years of investigations soil samples were collected for the assessment of the total content of chromium and cadmium and their fractions. Results of a sequential chemical extraction confirmed literature data on the weak mobility of this metal in the soil. After application of the studied fertilisers, the share of the most mobile Cr fractions was slight. Iron oxides and residual fractions were most important for chromium accumulation. Cadmium mobility in the soil and its easy uptake by plants is related to a considerable share of mobile forms. A large share of mobile form was noticed in the analysed soils (54.5-68.3%). Exchangeable fraction bound smaller amounts of cadmium (6.8-13.2%). Similar amounts of cadmium were accumulated in the fractions bound to manganese oxides (8.5-19.6%). Organic matter did not contribute to this element binding and the amounts of cadmium stored in this fraction were 2.3-6.6%. Only very small amount of cadmium was accumulated in the form bound with the initial minerals.
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 51; 209-214
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of various organic fertilisers on the heavy metal fractions in the soil. Part 1. Lead, copper and nickel
Autorzy:
Filipek-Mazur, B
Mazur, K.
Gondek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1449430.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
chemical extraction
soil
organic material
soil property
copper
lead
degraded ecosystem
anthropogenic ecosystem
nickel
organic fertilizer
agricultural chemistry
heavy metal
Opis:
The present investigations aimed at determining the effect of various organic materials, i.e. farmyard manure (FYM), organic tannery sludge and compost of such sludge and peat on lead, copper and nickel fractions content in soil. Doses of peat compost and organic sludge were calculated according to the nitrogen amount per a FYM dose. After four years of experiment, fractions of Pb, Cu and Ni compounds were assessed in the soil from individual plots using the Zeien and Brummer's sequence chemical extraction method. Heavy metal contents were determined using a ICP-AES in JY 238 Ultrace apparatus. Lead accumulated mainly in the form bound with organic matter and with amorphic iron oxides. This metal distribution reveals its slight share in the mobile and exchangeable forms. Composts and sludge introduced into the soil did not affect any significant changes of the individual lead forms share as compared to FYM and NPK treated plots and the control. Some amount of copper occurred as mobile forms in all the soils. In the soil of all the treated plots, copper occurred mainly bound with organic matter and amorphic iron oxides. The basic share of nickel was found in the residual fraction bound with internal crystalline nets of initial elements. Beside the residual form, nickel was connected mainly with organic matter.
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 51; 201-208
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wzbogacanie laterytów pochodzących z miejscowości Trestenik w Kosowie
Enrichment of laterite ore from Trstenik locality in Kosovo
Autorzy:
Kova, L.
Kulova, E
Fecko, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/318120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
nikiel
rudy laterytowe
złoże rud żelaza Trstenik
ługowanie chemiczne laterytu
nickel
locality Trstenik in Kosovo
chemical extraction of nickel from laterites
Opis:
W artykule omówiono możliwości ekstrakcji niklu z laterytów, wydobywanych z miejscowości Trstenik w Kosowie. Region ten jest jednym z największych w Europie pod względem zasobów niklu. Dlatego konieczne jest prowadzenie badań nad optymalizacją procesów wzbogacania. Do wzbogacania laterytów postanowiono zastosować ługowanie chemiczne stosując następujące rodzaje odczynników chemicznych: kwas solny, kwas azotowy V, kwas siarkowy VI, kwas octowy, kwas szczawiowy, wodorotleneku amonu, wodorotlenek sodu, woda destylowana oraz gorąca woda. Woda królewska była stosowana w postaci mieszaniny kwasu HNO3 i HCl w stosunku 1 do 3. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że przy zastosowaniu wody królewskiej możliwe jest uzyskanie roztworu o zawartości 72% Ni. Stosowanie kwasów nieorganicznych, wiąże się z uzyskaniem gorszych wyników ługowania.
The paper deals with possible extraction of nickel from laterites coming from the locality of Trstenik in Kosovo. This locality is one of the largest in Europe as for Ni content and thus, it is necessary to test certain benefication processes. With regard to the fact that it is the case of laterites, chemical leaching was applied testing the following types of chemical agents: hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, distilled water, warm up water. Aqua regia was applied in the form of acid mixture of HNO3 and HCl in 1:3 proportion. The acquired results imply that applying aqua regia it is possible to retrieve 72% of Ni. Mineral acids provided partial results.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2011, R. 12, nr 1, 1; 79-88
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative analysis of the evaluation of the influence of waste on the environment depending on the applied research method (on the example of brown coal ash)
Analiza porównawcza oceny wpływu odpadów na środowisko w zależności od zastosowanej metody badawczej (na przykładzie popiołu węgla brunatnego)
Autorzy:
Rosik-Dulewska, Czesława
Karwaczyńska, Urszula
Ciesielczuk, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/216117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
leaching test
lignite ash
heavy metals
sequential chemical extraction
brown coal
BCR
test wymywalności
popiół lotny
metale ciężkie
ekstrakcja sekwencyjna
węgiel brunatny
Opis:
The problem of the migration of metal ions in the environment remains a current problem in light of the quality of obtained crops. The necessity of more and more frequent use of alternative sources of biogens in the form of waste substances, poses a threat of loading significant amounts of metals into the soil – including heavy metals harmful to human health and life. The article discusses a significant problem, namely the comparison of the results of the environmental impact of waste, obtained on the basis of legally authorized leaching tests (three-stage leaching test according to PN-EN 12457:2006), with results obtained from sequential chemical extraction (performed in 4-step chemical extraction developed and recommended in European Union countries by Communities Bureau of References – BCR). The study covered an investigation of industry fly ash from the combustion of lignite, in which Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Na, K, Li concentrations and loads were calculated. A mobility of analyzed elements was established on this basis. From heavy metals, the highest values in fraction I were noted for nickel and copper and zinc as well as nickel were noted for fraction IV . Peaking values of electrolytic conductivity in eluates was created by high concentrations of macroelements (Na and K). These tests confirm that the leaching tests used for their application in the natural environment indicate such concentrations at the highest levels that can be obtained at the first or second stage of sequential chemical extraction, and thus their proper full environmental impact is not known.
Problematyka obiegu jonów metali w środowisku pozostaje aktualnym problemem w świetle jakości uzyskiwanych płodów rolnych. Konieczność coraz częstszego wykorzystywania alternatywnych źródeł biogenów w postaci substancji odpadowych stwarza zagrożenie wnoszenia do gleb znacznych ilości metali – w tym szkodliwych dla zdrowia i życia człowieka – metali ciężkich. W artykule poruszono istotny problem, jakim jest porównanie wyników oceny oddziaływania odpadów na środowisko uzyskanych w oparciu o wykonanie prawnie usankcjonowanych testów wymywalności (trzystopniowy test wymywalności wg PN-EN 12457:2006), z wynikami uzyskanymi z badań sekwencyjnej ekstrakcji chemicznej (w pracy wykonano 4-stopniową ekstrakcję chemiczną opracowaną i zalecaną w krajach Unii Europejskiej przez Communities Bureau of References – BCR). Badaniom poddano popiół lotny ze spalania węgla brunatnego w przemyśle energetycznym, w którym oznaczono stężenia Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Na, K, Li. Na tej podstawie określono mobilność analizowanych pierwiastków. Najwyższe stężenia we frakcji I zanotowano dla chromu i miedzi, zaś w pozostałości (frakcja IV) dla cynku i niklu. Wysokie wartości przewodności elektrolitycznej eluatów były wynikiem znacznych zawartości makropierwiastków (Na i K ). Badania te potwierdzają, że testy wymywalności stosowane na potrzeby ich aplikacji w środowisku przyrodniczym wskazują co najwyżej takie stężenia, jakie uzyskujemy na pierwszym ewentualnie drugim stopniu sekwencyjnej ekstrakcji chemicznej. Co za tym idzie, nie poznajemy ich właściwego pełnego oddziaływania na środowisko.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi; 2019, 35, 4; 135-146
0860-0953
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preparation of Nickel Nanoparticles Using Nickel Raffinate Separated by Solvent Extraction from The Spent FeCl3 Etching Solution
Autorzy:
Park, Il-Jeong
Swain, Basudev
Kim, Dae-Weon
Kim, Geon-Hong
Han, Deok-Hyun
Jung, Hang-Chul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354453.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
nickel
recycling
solvent extraction
chemical reduction
Opis:
FeCl3 bearing etching solution is mainly used for etching of metals used in shadow masks, PCBs and so on. Due course of Invar alloy etching process the FeCl3 bearing etching solution get contaminated with Ni2+ which affect adversely the etching efficiency. Hence, FeCl3 bearing etching solution discarded after several cycle of operation causes an environmental and economic problem. To address both the issues the etching solution was purified through solvent extraction and remained Ni2+ recovered by wet chemical reduction using hydrazine. For optimum Fe3+ extraction efficiency, various extraction parameter were optimized and size and morphology of the recovered pure Ni powder was analyzed. The reported process is a simple process to purify and recover Ni from industry etching solution.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 2; 531-534
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Physico-chemical Studies of Base Catalyzed Methanolysis of Some Virgin Tropical Seed Oils
Autorzy:
Esonye, Chizoo
Onukwuli, Okechukwu Dominic
Ofoefule, Akuzuo Uwaoma
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1113573.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Extraction
Physico-chemical Parameters
Transesterification; Biodiesel
Vegetable oils
Opis:
The physico-chemical characterization of Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophillum albidium seed oils were investigated, together with their methyl esters. The vegetable oils were extracted by applying the solvent extraction method, using n-hexane. Prunus amygdalus had the highest oil yield (60.1%), followed by Dyacrodes edulis (55.76 %) and least from Chrysophillum albidium (13.67%). The oils and their biodiesel were then analyzed for acid value, free fatty acid, specific gravity, ash content, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, smoke point, titre value, cloud point, moisture content and refractive index. Accordingly, Dyacrodes edulis seed oil had the highest acid value of 6.57 and required two-step transesterifictaion. The produced biodiesels were discussed in the light of ASTM D 9751, ASTMD 6751 and DIN 14214. These showed yields of 94.36%, 93.03% and 86.49%, cetane numbers of 70.40, 55.20 and 64.57 and calorific values of 31,178.39 KJ/kg, 34,421.50 KJ/kg and 32,838.38 KJ/kg for Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophyllum albidium, respectively. Other fuel-related properties showed highly improved qualities upon transesterification and compared well with ASTM and EU standards. The overall results showed that the seed oils are viable for biodiesel production.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2017, 15; 112-128
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Information extraction from chemical patents
Autorzy:
Bergmann, S.
Romberg, M.
Klenner, A.
Zimmermann, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/305315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
information extraction
chemical patents
HPC
workflows
UNICORE
UIMA
Opis:
The development of new chemicals or pharmaceuticals is preceded by an indepth analysis of published patents in this field. This information retrieval is a costly and time inefficient step when done by a human reader, yet it is mandatory for potential success of an investment. The goal of the research project UIMA-HPC is to automate and hence speed-up the process of knowledge mining about patents. Multi-threaded analysis engines, developed according to UIMA (Unstructured Information Management Architecture) standards, process texts and images in thousands of documents in parallel. UNICORE (UNiform Interface to COmputing Resources) workflow control structures make it possible to dynamically allocate resources for every given task to gain best cpu-time/realtime ratios in an HPC environment.
Źródło:
Computer Science; 2012, 13 (2); 21-32
1508-2806
2300-7036
Pojawia się w:
Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 24

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