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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Efficiency of energy storage control in the electric transport systems
    Autorzy:
    Sablin, Oleg
    Bosyi, Dmytro
    Kuznetsov, Valeriy
    Lewczuk, Konrad
    Kebal, Ivan
    Myamlin, Sergiy S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173928.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    energy storage
    transport
    charge process
    discharge
    traction power supply
    simulation
    Duamel integral
    magazynowanie energii
    ładowanie
    rozładowanie
    zasilanie trakcyjne
    symulacja
    Opis:
    The problems of storage and supplying the energy, together with reducing energy intensity for transport, are now crucial for developing sustainable and reliable transport systems. The energy network must be gradually adapted to new loads and power consumption patterns, especially in railways. The article aims to develop the simulation model to investigate the energy storage systems in its use in the electric transport infrastructure. The authors review selected technical solutions for electric energy storage in transport. The theoretical aspects of energy exchange in the energy storage systems were presented as a base for a continuous simulation model of electric transport power supply. In the non-periodic random voltage input applied to the storage unit, it is proposed to use the calculation method based on the Duamel integral to analyze its charge-discharge processes. The resistance functions were applied to analyze the traction power supply mode with variable in time and space by active loads. The simulation showed that the direct connection of the unit to the traction network significantly reduces the traction energy consumption.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2022, 62, 2; 105--122
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Late intake valve closing as a way of the throttleless control of SI engine load
    Autorzy:
    Żmudka, Z.
    Postrzednik, S.
    Przybyła, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247952.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    spark-ignition engine
    variable valve actuation
    late intake valve closing
    open Atkinson-Miller cycle
    charge exchange process
    cycle efficiency
    Opis:
    The paper tackles the problems connected with the charge exchange in internal combustion engines. The theoretical analysis of the charge exchange process in the SI engine has been presented. The realization of the charge exchange process is connected with the necessity of overcoming the flow resistances, then with the necessity of doing a work, so-called the charge exchange work. The flow resistance caused by throttling valve is especially high at the partial load running of an engine. A system with independent, late intake valve closing has been analysed. The use of the analysed system to governing of an engine load will enable to eliminate a throttling valve from inlet system and reduce the charge exchange work, especially within the range of partial load. The decrease of the charge exchange work leads to an increase of the internal and effective works, which results in an increase of the effective efficiency of the spark ignition engine. The open, theoretical Atkinson-Miller cycle has been assumed as a model of processes proceeding in the engine with variable intake valve actuation. The system has been analysed individually and comparatively with open Seiliger-Sabathe cycle, which is theoretical cycle for the classic throttle governing of engine load. Benefits resulting from application of the system with late intake valve closing have been assessed on the basis of the selected parameters: a fuel dose, a cycle work, relative charge exchange work and cycle efficiency.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 1; 491-499
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charge exchange control in a SI engine by early exhaust valve closing
    Autorzy:
    Żmudka, Z.
    Postrzednik, S.
    Przybyła, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248009.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    spark-ignition engine
    variable valve actuation
    early exhaust valve closing
    open theoretical cycle
    charge exchange process
    exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
    Opis:
    The paper tackles the problems connected with the charge exchange in internal combustion engines. The theoretical analysis of the charge exchange process in the SI engine has been presented. A system with independent, early exhaust valve closing has been analysed. The analysed system enables realization of an internal EGR and elimination of a throttling valve from an inlet system and reduce the charge exchange work, especially within the range of partial load. The decrease of the charge exchange work leads to an increase of the internal and effective works, which results in an increase of the effective efficiency of the spark ignition engine. The open, theoretical cycle has been assumed as a model of processes proceeding in an engine. The system has been analysed individually and comparatively with open Seiliger-Sabathe cycle. Benefits resulting from application of the system with early exhaust valve closing have been assessed on the basis of the selected parameters: a fuel dose, a cycle work, a relative charge exchange work and a cycle efficiency. The best results within decrease of fuel consumption and increase of cycle efficiency are obtained for low engine load. The main parameters characterizing the process of the internal exhaust gas recirculation were also determined. These are the ratio and the multiplicity of the exhaust gas recirculation.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 387-394
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Realization of the Atkinson-Miller cycle in spark-ignition engine by means of the fully variable inlet valve control system
    Autorzy:
    Żmudka, Z.
    Postrzednik, S.
    Przybyła, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240220.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    spark-ignition engine
    variable inlet valve control
    open theoretical cycle
    charge exchange process
    silnik o zapłonie iskrowym
    zawór
    otwarty obieg teoretyczny
    wymiana ładunku
    Opis:
    The theoretical analysis of the charge exchange process in a spark ignition engine has been presented. This process has significant impact on the effectiveness of engine operation because it is related to the necessity of overcoming the flow resistance, followed by the necessity of doing a work, so-called the charge exchange work. The flow resistance caused by the throttling valve is especially high during the part load operation. The open Atkinson-Miller cycle has been assumed as a model of processes taking place in the engine. Using fully variable inlet valve timing the A-M cycle can be realized according to two systems: system with late inlet valve closing and system with early inlet valve closing. The systems have been analysed individually and comparatively with the open Seiliger-Sabathe cycle which is a theoretical cycle for the classical throttle governing of the engine load. Benefits resulting from application of the systems with independent inlet valve control have been assessed on the basis of the selected parameters: fuel dose, cycle work, charge exchange work and a cycle efficiency. The use of the analysed systems to governing of the SI engine load will enable to eliminate a throttling valve from the system inlet and reduce the charge exchange work, especially within the range of part load operation.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2014, 35, 3; 191-205
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Throttleless control of SI engine load by fully flexible inlet valve actuation system
    Autorzy:
    Żmudka, Z.
    Postrzednik, S.
    Przybyła, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133835.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    spark-ignition engine
    variable valve actuation
    early inlet valve closure
    theoretical cycle
    charge exchange process
    cycle efficiency
    silnik o zapłonie iskrowym
    cykl teoretyczny
    wydajność cyklu
    Opis:
    A system with independent, early inlet valve closure (EIVC) has been analysed. The open, theoretical cycle has been assumed as a model of processes proceeding in the engine with variable inlet valve actuation. The system has been analysed individually and comparatively with open Seiliger-Sabathe cycle which is theoretical cycle for the classic throttle governing of engine load. The influence of EIVC on fuel economy, cycle work, relative charge exchange work and cycle efficiency has been theoretically investigated. The use of the analysed system to governing of an engine load will enable to eliminate a throttling valve from inlet system and reduce the charge exchange work, especially within the range of partial load. The decrease of the charge exchange work leads to an increase of the internal and effective works, which results in an increase of the effective efficiency of the spark ignition engine.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 1; 44-48
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characteristic of Weighing Process of Lump Charge Materials Using Electromagnet
    Autorzy:
    Schmalenberg, K.
    Ziółkowski, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381144.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    weighing process
    charge material
    electromagnet using
    proces ważenia
    materiał wsadowy
    elektromagnes
    Opis:
    In cast iron foundries, used ferromagnetic batch materials can be transported and loaded into the furnace by lifting magnet. The precision of these operations by using electromagnetic grippers depends primarily on the variation in the mass of the batch material pieces. The article presents the characteristics of size of the batch materials used in the selected iron foundry. The obtained ranges mass values of individual pig iron ingots have been presented. It has been found that the mass of individual pig iron ingot may differ ± 25% from the declared by producer. The mass range of individual pieces of crushed or uncrushed return scrap was examined. Some pieces of uncrushed scrap have the mass more than three times the average weight of pieces of this scrap. Characteristics of the lifting capacity of these materials by a lifting magnet suspended to the crane was determined. Analysis of the obtained results indicates that for materials with less diversified mass of individual ferromagnetic pieces it is possible to use a gripper to weight a bigger portion with the same control setting. It was also found that there is a significant dispersion for a given gripper control, especially for materials with a wide range of individual pieces mass changes.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 2; 117-120
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Test bed investigation of the Si engine working on heterogenious mixture
    Badania stanowiskowe silnika benzynowego pracującego na mieszance uwarstwionej
    Autorzy:
    Budzik, G.
    Cygnar, M.
    Janisz, K.
    Młynarski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/256210.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    silnik GDI
    mieszanka uwarstwiona
    wizualizacja
    proces spalania
    GDI engine
    visualisation
    stratified charge
    combustion process
    Opis:
    The paper investigates the demonstration of the increase in total efficiency of a GDI engine in dependence on the parameters of mixture formation and the range of load at determined states of engine work in dependence on the rotational speed of the engine. By use of the newest simulation programme KIVA 3V, the possibilities of up-to-date methods of calculation of changes of temperatures, pressures, and the formation of toxic components during the process of stratified charge combustion were presented. The elaborate mathematical models, used in calculations, describing the processes occurring inside the cylinder of the engine, permit one to create complicated virtual models reflecting the real conditions in a satisfactory way. The correctness of calculation results is determined by the quality of input data, which can be obtained based on model investigations. In the experimental section, investigations on a test bed with use of specialist apparatus for visualisations of inside cylinder processes were discussed. By use of visualisation, observation was performed of the run of the fuel jet from the moment of injection, consequent by rebounding of the fuel from the piston head, on to reaching under the gap between the electrodes of the ignition plug and flame spreading from the moment of ignition till the end of the combustion process. For the determination of the total efficiency of a Gasoline Direct Injection engine, test bed investigations were carried out with the aim of determining the speed and load characteristics of the investigated engine. On this basis, the total efficiency of a GDI engine can be determined.
    Zakres pracy obejmuje wykazanie zwiększenia sprawności ogólnej silnika GDI w zależności od parametrów tworzenia mieszanki i zakresu obciążenia w określonych stanach pracy silnika w funkcji prędkości obrotowej silnika. Za pomocą programu symulacyjnego KIVA 3V przedstawione zostały możliwości nowoczesnych metod obliczeniowych przebiegów temperatur, ciśnień, powstawania składników toksycznych w czasie procesu spalania ładunku uwarstwionego. Wykorzystane w obliczeniach modele matematyczne pozwalają na tworzenie skomplikowanych modeli wirtualnych, które w zadowalający sposób odzwierciedlają warunki rzeczywiste. Poprawność wyników obliczeń zdeterminowana jest jakością danych wejściowych, które możemy uzyskać w oparciu o badania modelowe. W części doświadczalnej omówione zostały badania na stanowisku badawczym z wykorzystaniem specjalistycznej aparatury do wizualizacji procesów wewnątrz cylindra. Zakres badań obejmował wizualizację procesu spalania w silniku GDI dla różnych rodzajów obciążeń i parametrów tworzonej mieszanki paliwowo-powietrznej. Do określenia sprawności ogólnej silnika benzynowego z bezpośrednim wtryskiem paliwa zostały przeprowadzone badania stanowiskowe, których celem było wyznaczenie charakterystyk prędkościowych i obciążeniowych badanego silnika.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Eksploatacji; 2009, 2; 19-28
    1232-9312
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Eksploatacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study the Recycling of Red Mud in Iron Ore Sintering Process
    Autorzy:
    Khalifa, Ahmed Abdelazim
    Bazhin, Vladimir Yurievich
    Kuskova, Yana Vadimovna
    Abdelrahim, Ahmed
    Ahmed, Yasser Momtaz Zaki
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838357.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    red mud
    utilization
    Egypt
    iron ore
    sintering process
    sinter charge mixture
    sinter strength
    sinter production
    Opis:
    Red mud (RM), the by-product generated during the alumina extraction process, is considered a valuable secondary raw material, since iron (20–54%) represents its major constituent. Accordingly, the suitability of recycling this RM in the sintering process of Egyptian iron ore was studied. The effect of adding different amounts of RM to the sinter charge mixture (0–10 wt.%) on the sintering process performance as well as the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the produced sinter was investigated. The results revealed that increasing the amount of red mud in the sinter charge mixture leads to a high improvement in the strength of the produced sinter till reaching a maximum at 7% addition, which deteriorates thereafter. Meanwhile, owing to the fine nature of the red mud, increasing its contents in the sinter charge mixture leads to reduced speed of the sintering process, which consequently affects the productivity at the blast furnace yard. The sinter produced with the addition of 3% red mud shows the highest reducibility. These results indicate the suitability of recycling RM in the Egyptian iron ore sintering process with an amount not higher than 3 wt.% of the total sinter mixture charge.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 6; 191-201
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study the Recycling of Red Mud in Iron Ore Sintering Process
    Autorzy:
    Khalifa, Ahmed Abdelazim
    Bazhin, Vladimir Yurievich
    Kuskova, Yana Vadimovna
    Abdelrahim, Ahmed
    Ahmed, Yasser Momtaz Zaki
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838291.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    red mud
    utilization
    Egypt
    iron ore
    sintering process
    sinter charge mixture
    sinter strength
    sinter production
    Opis:
    Red mud (RM), the by-product generated during the alumina extraction process, is considered a valuable secondary raw material, since iron (20–54%) represents its major constituent. Accordingly, the suitability of recycling this RM in the sintering process of Egyptian iron ore was studied. The effect of adding different amounts of RM to the sinter charge mixture (0–10 wt.%) on the sintering process performance as well as the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the produced sinter was investigated. The results revealed that increasing the amount of red mud in the sinter charge mixture leads to a high improvement in the strength of the produced sinter till reaching a maximum at 7% addition, which deteriorates thereafter. Meanwhile, owing to the fine nature of the red mud, increasing its contents in the sinter charge mixture leads to reduced speed of the sintering process, which consequently affects the productivity at the blast furnace yard. The sinter produced with the addition of 3% red mud shows the highest reducibility. These results indicate the suitability of recycling RM in the Egyptian iron ore sintering process with an amount not higher than 3 wt.% of the total sinter mixture charge.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 6; 191-201
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Transient one-dimensional model of coal carbonization in a stagnant packed bed
    Autorzy:
    Polesek-Karczewska, S.
    Kardaś, D.
    Grucelski, A.
    Stelmach, S.
    Wardach-Święcicka, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240628.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    carbonization
    coking process
    coal charge evaporation
    mass source
    pyrolytic gases
    uwęglenie
    proces koksowania
    odparowanie
    źródło masy
    gaz pirolityczny
    Opis:
    In the present paper, the one-dimensional model for heat and mass transfer in fixed coal bed was proposed to describe the thermal and flow characteristics in a coke oven chamber. For the purpose of the studied problem, the analysis was limited to the calculations of temperature field and pyrolytic gas yield. In order to verify the model, its theoretical predictions for temperature distribution during wet coal charge carbonization were compared with the measurement results found in the literature. In general, the investigation shows good qualitative agreement between numerical and experimental data. However, some discrepancy regarding the temperature characteristics at the stage of evaporation was observed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2013, 34, 2; 39-51
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ dodatku złomu obiegowego na właściwości mechaniczne odlewów ciśnieniowych ze stopów magnezu
    The effect of the addition of circulating scrap on the tensile properties of die cast magnesium alloy
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, P.
    Fajkiel, A.
    Reguła, T.
    Czekaj, E.
    Mielniczuk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391648.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
    Tematy:
    stopy magnezu
    wsad metalowy
    złom obiegowy
    odlew ciśnieniowy
    właściwości mechaniczne
    magnesium alloys
    metal charge
    process scrap
    pressure die casting
    mechanical properties
    Opis:
    Recykling stopów magnezu jest zagadnieniem trudnym nie tylko z uwagi na bardzo dużą reaktywność i skłonność do zapalania się tych stopów już poniżej temperatury topnienia, ale i z braku odpowiedniego wyposażenia oraz doświadczenia w tym zakresie w krajowych odlewniach. Niemniej jednak zarówno wymogi ochrony środowiska naturalnego, jak i konieczność zmniejszania kosztów funkcjonowania odlewni, wymagają racjonalnego zagospodarowania złomu obiegowego. Problem ten dotyczy nie tylko odlewni stopów magnezu, ale niemal wszystkich odlewni. Jednak z uwagi na trudną technologię topienia stopów magnezu powszechnie uważa się, że dobre właściwości mechaniczne odlewów z tych stopów można uzyskać jedynie ze stopów pierwotnych (czystych gąsek). Przeprowadzone badania wpływu dodatku złomu obiegowego na właściwości mechaniczne odlewów ciśnieniowych ze stopów magnezu AZ91 i AM50 wykazały, że określony, ściśle kontrolowany dodatek takiego złomu w znacznym stopniu wpływa na zwiększenie nie tylko wytrzymałości na rozciąganie, ale przede wszystkim wzrost plastyczności, co stwarza możliwość szerszego zastosowania odlewów. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki prac nad doborem optymalnej ilości złomu obiegowego we wsadzie na właściwości mechaniczne odlewów ciśnieniowych ze stopu AZ91 i AM50.
    Recycling of magnesium alloys is a complex issue not only because of their high reactivity and flammability even below melting temperature, but primarily because of a lack of equipment and experience in foundries. Nonetheless the environmental factors and the economic aspects of magnesium casting processes require the proper use of scrap. The problem relates not only to magnesium foundries but every foundry. However, due to the difficulty of melting and treating magnesium alloys there is a common belief that good mechanical properties can be achieved only by using pure ingots. The present research investigating the effect of process scrap on the mechanical properties of AZ91 and AM50 die cast parts. The results have shown that a particular content of the scrap causes an increase in the tensile strength and in elongation, which can have a profound effect on the applicability of the magnesium alloys. This article presents results of research on the optimum content of process scrap in the melt related to mechanical properties of AZ91 and AM50 die cast parts.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2014, T. 54, nr 3, 3; 29-41
    1899-2439
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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