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Wyszukujesz frazę "chambers" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Five key differences between chambers of commerce in United Kingdom, Belgium and Poland
Autorzy:
Marciniak, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409387.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Chambers of commerce
business organizations
taxonomy of chambers
Opis:
Chambers of commerce play an important role for entrepreneurs and the economy. However, their position, organization, effectiveness and tasks vary from country to country. The challenges of the 21st-century economy require the strengthening of chambers so that they can effectively support business. We should look for possible improvements. Chambers are usually categorized into three main models: Anglo-Saxon, continental and mixed. An additional public (or administrative) model is sometimes added. The analysis of the literature shows, however, that the assignment of chambers to models is sometimes arbitrary or customary. This results in different classification of some countries into specific models – e.g. Poland is assigned to the Anglo-Saxon or mixed model, while Spain is placed in the continental model, although some features of their chambers indicate the properties of the mixed model. The systematic confusion stems from the fact that the current taxonomy is too general to address effectively some of the most important differences between chambers operating in more than 200 countries. But more important is that its design does not provide tools and information that (in the increasing complexity of today’s economy) could support the development of chambers based on the results of comparative research. This article outlines a set of the key differences between British, Polish and Belgian chambers of commerce with several references to Canadian and US chambers. They are all private law and generally listed as Anglo-Saxon model members. But there are major differences between them. It’s important to examine foreign systems when changes to the domestic chambers are considered. It should be clear that there is no single and common framework that can be just replicated. Each country’s history, economy and social norms must be considered before changes are made. This is why comparative studies are the key to finding the best improvements for local needs.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2023, 4 (44); 89-109
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Initial recombination of ions in ionization chambers filled with hydrocarbon gases
Autorzy:
Gryziński, M.
Golnik, N.
Zielczyński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148268.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
initial recombination
ionization chambers
Opis:
Data on the initial recombination of ions are needed for designing recombination chambers, used in mixed radiation dosimetry in order to obtain information about radiation quality. Nevertheless, experimental data for pressurized gases are scarce, whereas reliable theoretical models are absent. The paper provides experimental data on the initial recombination in hydrocarbon gases (methane, ethane and propane) depending on gas pressure up to 1.8 MPa. The data were derived from the measurements of saturation curves of a tissue equivalent recombination chamber of an REM-2 type, in reference radiation fields of 137Cs and 239Pu-Be sources. Ion recombination due to volume recombination and back diffusion of ions was subtracted from the measured values of ion collection efficiency. The values of gas parameters needed for the subtraction procedure were determined by measurements of saturation curves of the chamber at several dose rates for each gas pressure. The important practical rule resulting from the experiments is that in the first approximation the initial recombination does not depend on the kind of the hydrocarbon gas but only on its density in the chamber.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2007, 52, 1; 7-12
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania ratownicze osady wczesnośredniowiecznej w Głazowie, stan. 22, pow. sandomierski
Rescue excavations of an early medieval settlement in Głazów, site 22, dist. Sandomierz
Autorzy:
Florek, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
early medieval
settlement
smoking chambers
Opis:
In 2005, rescue excavations were carried out at site 22 (discovered a year earlier) in Głazów. Their aim was to record and explore the features visible in the high balk. Two of the examined features were the remains of smoking chambers (pits), and the third pit could be of an utility function. Based on the pottery sherds found inside, these features should be dated between the beginning of the 9th and the end of the 10th century. However, in the arable layer of the ground and on the surface of the site, there were mainly fragments of ceramics determined to the 12th – 13th centuries. This dating indicates the two-phase settlement of the early medieval site 22 in Głazów: the first phase – 9th – 10th (or the beginning of the 11th century); the second phase – 12th – 13th centuries. The village Głazów, which exists today, is a direct continuation of the settlement of the second phase.
Źródło:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego; 2020, 41; 171-178
0137-5725
Pojawia się w:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcjonowanie samorządu gospodarczego w II Rzeczypospolitej
Functioning of Economic Self-Government in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Kliczek-Paśnicka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22677257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
Tematy:
izby rzemieślnicze
izby rolnicze
izby przemysłowo-handlowe
okres międzywojenny
chambers of crafts
chambers of agriculture
chambers of industry and commerce
interwar period
Opis:
Samorząd gospodarczy jest formą decentralizacji administracji publicznej, zakładającą uczestnictwo osób o wspólnych interesach, powiązanych przy tym więzią gospodarczą. Celem samorządu jest reprezentowanie interesów przedsiębiorców, dbanie o rozwój gospodarczy kraju oraz działanie na rzecz przedsiębiorczości. Choć pierwsze izby gospodarcze na ziemiach polskich powstały w okresie niewoli, to jednak znaczący rozkwit samorządu gospodarczego nastąpił w II Rzeczypospolitej. Na obszarze całego kraju powstały wówczas izby rzemieślnicze, izby przemysłowohandlowe oraz izby rolnicze. W latach 1918-1939 instytucje samorządu gospodarczego stanowiły istotny element struktury administracyjnej państwa. Izby uznawane były za związki publicznoprawne, działające poprzez własne organy i posiadające jasno określone kompetencje. Uregulowania prawne występujące w okresie międzywojennym stanowić mogą inspirację dla osób mających wpływ na kształt instytucji samorządu gospodarczego w III Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.
Economic self-government is one of the forms of decentralization of public administration, assuming the participation of persons with common interests connected by an economic bond. The purpose of the self-government is to represent the interests of entrepreneurs, caring for economic development of a country and action towards entrepreneurship. Although the first chambers of commerce were established during the period of captivity, a significant development of economic self-government occurred in the Second Polish Republic. The chambers of crafts, chambers of agriculture and chambers of industry and commerce have occurred in the whole country. In the years 1918-1939 professional self-government institutions were an important element of the state administrative structure. The chambers were considered as public associations, operating through their own bodies and having clearly defined abilities. The legal regulations, which were established in the interwar period, may inspire those who influence the shape of economic self-government institutions in the Third Polish Republic.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego; 2020, 15, 17 (1); 81-98
2719-3128
2719-7336
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ambient dose equivalent measurements in secondary radiation fi elds at proton therapy facility CCB IFJ PAN in Krakow using recombination chambers
Autorzy:
Jakubowska, E. A.
Gryziński, M. A.
Golnik, N.
Tulik, P.
Stolarczyk, L.
Horwacik, T.
Zbroja, K.
Góra, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
recombination chambers
workplace monitoring
proton therapy
Opis:
This work presents recombination methods used for secondary radiation measurements at the Facility for Proton Radiotherapy of Eye Cancer at the Institute for Nuclear Physics, IFJ, in Krakow (Poland). The measurements of H*(10) were performed, with REM-2 tissue equivalent chamber in two halls of cyclotrons AIC-144 and Proteus C-235 and in the corridors close to treatment rooms. The measurements were completed by determination of gamma radiation component, using a hydrogen-free recombination chamber. The results were compared with the measurements using rem meter types FHT 762 (WENDI-II) and NM2 FHT 192 gamma probe and with stationary dosimetric system.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 1; 23-28
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improved dosimetry for BNCT by activation foils, modified thermoluminescent detectors and recombination chambers
Autorzy:
Bilski, P.
Golnik, N.
Olko, P.
Pytel, K.
Tracz, G.
Tulik, P.
Zielczyński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
BNCT
recombination chambers
TLD
activation foils
Opis:
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an experimental therapy of selected tumours, based on a nuclear reaction initiated by the capture of thermal neutron by the 10B nucleus. After 10B had been delivered selectively to tumour cells, it can be activated by neutrons to deliver locally lethal high-LET radiation. BNCT beams are complex mixed radiation fields, because of broad neutron energy range, presence of gamma contamination and necessity of precise determination of several dose components. The paper presents
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49, 2; 51-56
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania nowej generacji komór opartych na detektorach NDIR do pomiaru metanu i dwutlenku węgla
Research on a new generation of chambers based on NDIR detectors designed for measurement of methane and carbon dioxide
Autorzy:
Nowak, D.
Gralewski, K.
Maślankiewicz, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/187462.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technik Innowacyjnych EMAG
Tematy:
komora pomiarowa gazów
measuring chambers for gases
Opis:
W pracy opisano najnowsze osiągnięcia w konstruowaniu nowej generacji komór pomiarowych gazów opartych na zjawisku absorpcji promieniowania podczerwonego. Przedstawiono wyniki prowadzonych badań, krótki przegląd dotychczasowych rozwiązań rynkowych i dalszy kierunek prac.
The most recent achievements at constructing new generation measuring chambers for gases based on infrared radiation phenomenon have been described in the paper. There have been presented results of research works, a short overview of previous market products, and trends in further works.
Źródło:
Mechanizacja i Automatyzacja Górnictwa; 2009, R. 47, nr 10, 10; 5-10
0208-7448
Pojawia się w:
Mechanizacja i Automatyzacja Górnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of the influence of chamber construction parameters on radon exhalation rate
Autorzy:
Kozłowska, B.
Mazur, J.
Kozak, K.
Walencik-Łata, A.
Baic, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
accumulation chambers
exhalation rate
measurement techniques
radon
Opis:
Radon exhalation from ground is a process dependent on the emanation and migration of radon through ambient air. Most studies on radon exhalation from soil were performed regarding the influence of meteorological and soil parameters. As radon exhalation rate can be affected by the internal properties of the sample, it may also be influenced by the exhalation chamber geometry such as volume-to-area (V/S) ratio or other construction parameters. The measurements of radon exhalation from soil were made using different constructions of accumulation chamber and two types of radon monitors: RAD7 (Durridge) and AlphaGUARD PQ2000PRO (Genitron). The measurements were performed on one site in two locations and approximately at the same time. The first tests did not show the correlations of exhalation rate values and the chamber’s construction parameters and their geometrical dimensions. However, when examining the results, it seems that there are still too many factors that might have affected the process of radon exhalation. The future experiments are planned to be conducted in controlled laboratory conditions.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 269-273
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Applications of recombination chambers in the dosimetry of high energy radiation fields
Autorzy:
Zielczyński, M.
Golnik, M.
Gryziński, M. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147680.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
initial recombination
ionization chambers
high energy radiation
Opis:
High energy radiation fields exist in space, in the atmosphere at the height of commercial flights and in the vicinity of some accelerators. The characteristic features of these fields are their complex composition and broad energy spectrum. Estimation of the absorbed dose in such fields cannot be performed by consideration of the doses from all the radiation field components. The physically possible way to solve the problem is to determine the operational quantity-ambient dose equivalent H* (10). The radiation detector used for the determination of H* (10) should be large enough in order to simulate the ICRU sphere. Its effective wall thickness should not be very different than 10 mm of tissue. The REM-2 type recombination chamber is an example of such a detector. The review paper presents specific challenges of high energy radiation field dosimetry and discusses a number of examples of measurements at high energy accelerators, including some international intercomparisons. We show that the REM-2 chamber is especially suitable for radiation monitoring in the vicinity of high energy accelerators.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 1; 45-52
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New approach to calculations of turbine stages and regeneration extraction points
Autorzy:
Szymaniak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1943248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
extension point
regenerative chambers
turbine stages
leakages
Opis:
The article presents 200MW LP turbine stage calculations taking into account leakage flows over rotor blades in the regeneration extraction point area. A methodology is described which allows the user to shorten the time-consuming CFD calculations solving the Navier-Stokes equation system in the examined area. A two-stage procedure was applied in which two types of calculations were coupled together. The first type is a one-to-one passage calculation of a steam flow through the turbine stages in the vicinity of the extraction point. This type of calculations preserves the circumferential periodicity condition. The second type is a circumferentially non-symmetrical calculation of the flow through an inter-stage diffuser with an extraction chamber. The calculations were preformed using 3D CFD codes, FlowER and FLUENT, in the two above mentioned areas, respectively. The solution was found using an iterative procedure for these areas coupled by boundary conditions, until convergence of calculations was reached.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2008, 12, 3-4; 209-215
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interconnected chambered trace fossils, Pliocene lower Tipam Formation, Tripura, India
Autorzy:
Rajkumar, Hemanta, S.
Šimo, Vladimir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1836267.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
chambers
termite nest
boxwork
burrows
fluvial sandstone
Pliocene
Opis:
A new kind of trace fossil characterized by filled ellipsoidal chambers interconnected by a boxwork of burrows, shafts and tunnels, in different horizontal planes, is observed in the medium-grained fluvial sandstone of the Pliocene Lower Tipam Formation in the Amarpur area of Tripura in northeast India. The chambers have variable dimensions with lengths of 3-16 cm, widths of 3-10 cm and heights of 2-6 cm. Diameters of the connecting tunnels and shafts are 0.8-0.9 cm on average. The traces are considered to be nest systems of social insects. The discovery is noteworthy as far as the geology of Tripura state is concerned, as such chambered traces have not previously been reported from the Indian sub-continent. Morphology of the studied specimens point toward a new ichnospecies, Vondrichnus amarpurensis isp. nov. of the ichnofamily Krausichnidae.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2020, 90, 3; 261-270
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the role of LET-dependent parameters in the determination of the absorbed dose by in-phantom recombination chambers
Autorzy:
Golnik, N.
Maciak, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146876.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
in-phantom recombination chambers
absorbed dose
cavity theory
Opis:
The paper discusses the theoretical background in terms of the use of in-phantom recombination chambers in mixed radiation fi elds, with special attention paid to the question of how the experimentally determined, linear-energy-transfer-dependent (LET) parameters can be applied with regard to the more accurate determination of the chamber response and absorbed dose in mixed radiation fi elds. Methods of taking the recombination index of radiation quality (RIQ) measurements and theoretical consideration concerning the determination of the absorbed dose are described. Classical Bragg-Gray and Spencer-Attix cavity theories were analysed and their relationship to in-phantom recombination chambers was specifi ed. Methods concerning the estimation of correction factors with regard to RIQ measurements and their importance are highlighted.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2018, 63, 1; 9-15
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of initial recombination of ions created in quasi-pulsed radiation fields
Autorzy:
Zielczyński, M.
Golnik, N.
Gryziński, M. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
initial recombination
volume recombination
ionization chambers
pulse radiation
Opis:
A new method is proposed for the determination of ion collection efficiency due to initial recombination process only, in a high pressure ionization chamber, operating in a quasi-pulsed radiation field. It is shown that the influence of undesirable volume recombination can be eliminated using a semi-empirical formula. The unknown function of the chamber polarizing voltage, included to the formula, can be found experimentally in the investigated radiation field, using the approach proposed in the paper. The function is the same for all radiation fields with similar time structure.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 33-36
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical method of registration of process of the injection and the burning in the chamber of the cylinder of the engine GDI
Autorzy:
Sendyka, B.
Noga, M.
Cygnar, M.
Budzik, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244831.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
injection process
combustion chambers
optical method
Opis:
In this article method of a visualization of a process of injection and burning of the air-fuel mixture was presented in cylinder of engine GDI. Intention of the visualization is a possibility of a determining and a selection how the most profitable parameters of injection for the work of engine during burning of the various load. Apparatus of the firm AVL - VideoScope 513 D was used to performance of positional tests, having on purpose registration of a dislocation of the stream of the fuel from the moment of injection, one by one a reflection of fuel from of the bottom of the piston until for the connection under the spark plug, and next an expansion of the flame from moment of the ignition until to the end of process of burning. Results of carried out visualization are in form files of the type of avi. These files are intended to a presentation of a record of respective frames as a moving image. From editorial reasons in this article, results of visualization are presented in a form of single cinematographic frames following in turn after themselves what the certain degree of the angle of the rotation of the crankshaft. Values of angles for which next frames were presented are placed in a bottom left corner of a single frame. All executed registrations archive images in the function of angle of rotation of crankshaft no from one, but from many of the cycles of the work of engine
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 495-500
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computer Aided Thermal Processes In Technical Spaces
Autorzy:
Janczarek, M.
Bulyandra, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117689.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Promocji Wiedzy
Tematy:
heat transfer
thermal technical chambers
physical modeling
control process
Opis:
This paper describes research work on methods concerning heat transfers through walls of thermal technical chambers. The paper presents the mathematical and physical analysis of problems in the field of energy savings and material selection in thermal chambers in controlled gaseous environment. The purpose for the research is to point out areas subjected to the highest energy losses caused by building’s construction and geo-graphical orientation of walls in the aspect of daily atmospheric temperature changes emerging on chamber exterior. Thermal problems were solved using computer aided support. The paper presents exemplary measurement results taken in Lublin region during various periods throughout a year.
Źródło:
Applied Computer Science; 2017, 13, 2; 82-93
1895-3735
Pojawia się w:
Applied Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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