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    Tytuł:
    Grzyby ektomykoryzowe w obiegu węgla w ekosystemach leśnych
    Ectomycorrhizal fungi and carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems
    Autorzy:
    Kałucka, I.
    Jagodziński, A.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/994508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    ekosystemy lesne
    obieg wegla
    materia organiczna
    gleby
    grzyby ektomikoryzowe
    biomasa lesna
    carbon sequestration
    carbon flux
    organic matter
    soil carbon
    npp
    ecm fungi
    mycorrhiza
    forest biomass
    Opis:
    In boreal and temperate forests fungi play a particularly important role, since most trees form a symbiotic relationship with many species of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, providing them with assimilates in exchange for minerals. Mycorrhiza is considered one of the most significant factors affecting functioning of forest ecosystems, and in particular the processes of carbon cycling and storage. ECM fungi are involved both directly through carbon accumulation in the mycelial system, and indirectly through their influence on tree biomass production and organic matter decomposition. The amount of carbon transferred to ECM fungi usually varies from 10 to 25 or even 50% of the host's net photosynthesis, thus they are a group of organisms that significantly affect carbon flow into the soil. Most of that carbon is built into the mycelial system and its structures (fungal parts of ECM roots, extramatrical hyphae and rhizomorphs, sporocarps, etc.). Carbon allocation to the underground part of trees, and thus to ECM roots, changes with stand age and stand development phase. The biomass of active ECM roots and mycelium usually reaches its maximum in young stands, in the canopy closure phase; frequently, this is also true for the standing biomass of fruit bodies. A large share of ECM sporocarps in the forest carbon budget and high levels of ECM vegetative mycelium respiration are considered to be among the main pathways for the release of CO&sub2. from forest soil, indicating a significant role of ECM fungi in fast carbon flow via forest ecosystems. On the other hand, dead ECM fine roots and extramatrical mycelia are a very rich and important pool of sequestered carbon in the soil.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 11; 817-830
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Gas transfer velocities in Norwegian fjords and the adjacent North Atlantic waters
    Autorzy:
    Banko-Kubis, H.M.
    Wurl, O.
    Mustaffa, N.I.H.
    Ribas-Ribas, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48482.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    gas transport
    carbon dioxide flux
    gas exchange
    parametrization
    wind speed
    turbulence
    Atlantic water
    Norwegian fjord
    North Atlantic
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2019, 61, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    High-throughput screening of stomatal responses to biotic stresses reveals new components of immune signalling
    Autorzy:
    McLachlan, D.
    Bourdais, G.
    Zhou, J.
    Robatzek, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/80863.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    conference
    high-throughput screening
    stomatal response
    biotic stress
    abiotic stress
    carbon dioxide flux
    pathogen-associated molecular pattern
    signalling
    guard cell
    Arabidopsis
    Źródło:
    BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 2
    0860-7796
    Pojawia się w:
    BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Typ powierzchni miejskiej a turbulencyjna wymiana dwutlenku węgla (na przykładzie Łodzi)
    The type of urban surface and turbulent carbon dioxide exchange (Łódź case study)
    Autorzy:
    Pawlak, W.
    Siedlecki, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338257.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    metoda kowariancji wirów
    teren zurbanizowany
    turbulencyjny strumień dwutlenku węgla
    eddy covariance method
    turbulent flux of carbon dioxide
    urban area
    Opis:
    Celem opracowania jest porównanie intensywności turbulencyjnej wymiany dwutlenku węgla na terenie miejskim o różnym typie zabudowy. Pomiary przeprowadzono w gęsto zabudowanym centrum miasta, w dzielnicy domów jednorodzinnych, na terenie poprzemysłowym oraz podmiejskim. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają wyraźną zależność między gęstością i typem zabudowy oraz odsetkiem powierzchni roślinnych a intensywnością i zwrotem wymiany. Najbardziej intensywną dodatnią (do atmosfery) wymianę dwutlenku węgla zaobserwowano w centrum Łodzi oraz, nieco mniejszą, na obszarze poprzemysłowym, podczas gdy w dzielnicy niskiej zabudowy, jedno- i dwupiętrowej, z dużym udziałem terenów zielonych, antropogeniczna emisja CO2 była w znacznej mierze równoważona przez naturalny pobór tego gazu przez rośliny. Na terenie podmiejskim z kolei wymiana miała charakter zdecydowanie ujemny (do powierzchni czynnej), ze względu na bardzo mały udział antropogenicznej emisji dwutlenku węgla.
    The aim of this work was to compare turbulent exchange intensity of carbon dioxide in urban areas of different type of building development. Measurements were carried out within the densely built-up city centre, residential and postindustrial districts and in a suburban area. Results confirmed strong relationship between the density and type of building development, percent plant cover and the intensity and direction of carbon dioxide exchange. Most intensive positive (to the atmosphere) carbon dioxide exchange was observed in the centre of Łódź, and a little bit less in a postindustrial area. In residential district, where plant cover was quite large, anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission was compensated by natural uptake of this gas by plants. In a suburban area the exchange was strongly negative (to the active surface) because of the domination of vegetated surfaces and a small amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission.
    Źródło:
    Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2012, 12, 2; 185-196
    1642-8145
    Pojawia się w:
    Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stratification of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in the Gdańsk Deep (Southern Baltic Sea)
    Autorzy:
    Burska, D.
    Pryputniewicz, D.
    Falkowska, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47610.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    stratification
    Gdansk Deep
    nitrogen
    particulate organic carbon
    carbon
    particulate organic nitrogen
    flux
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) concentrations and fluxes were measured during an experiment in the Gdańsk Deep in late spring (30.05. –06.06.2001). The vertical POC and PON concentration profiles were characterised by the highest values in the euphotic layer,a gradual decrease with depth, and an increase below the halocline. The hydrophysical conditions had a decisive impact on POC and PON fluxes in the water column. Preferential removal of nitrogen from suspended mater was observed in the entire water column (maximum – in the vicinity of thermocline). There were also differences in the diurnal effectiveness of nitrogen removal as compared to carbon removal. The removal rate was highest at night.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2005, 47, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sezonowy przebieg wskaźnika wykorzystania wody (WUE) w lesie sosnowym
    Seasonal Water Use Efficiency (WUE) Index Course in Pine Forest
    Autorzy:
    Ziemblińska, K.
    Urbaniak, M.
    Danielewska, A.
    Baran, M.
    Juszczak, R.
    Chojnicki, B. H.
    Olejnik, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819204.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    wykorzystanie wody
    lasy sosnowe
    flux measurements
    carbon
    exchange
    canopy
    heat
    Opis:
    Assessment of the ecosystem productivity in relation to the amount of water used for such kind of processes have already been investigated for the different ecosystem types by many researchers. Water Use Efficiency (WUE) parameter shows seasonal variation due to changing weather conditions, which determine processes of photosynthesis, respiration and evapotranspiration, and because of biological factors variability. The analysis of the WUE dynamics in the forest ecosystem in Tuczno research station over the hydrological year 2012 were presented in the paper. WUE was calculated based on the daily CO2 and H CO2 O fluxes measured by means of the eddy covariance system (EC) installed over the forest canopy. The fluxes were quality checked in relation to the wind direction, friction velocity values and stationary. The data series used in this investigation were not gap-filled. By using the net value of both fluxes, a good indicator which describe the behavior of the ecosystem as the whole, was obtained. Among a number of weather condition factors, that affect the value of the tested indicator (WUE), mainly photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and the air temperature were evaluated. Separate analysis has been done for daily courses of both CO2 and H2 O fluxes, as well as for WUE for each month of the analyzed period. The highest values of H2 O fluxes (FH) were observed in May and June (0.25 and 0.3 kg m-2s-1) and the lowest in the period from September to December (0.02–0.05 kg m-2s-1). The daily courses of water vapor fluxes revealed dependence to the measured PPFD fluxes, which determines in turn the intensity of the evapotranspiration process. The time courses of the daily 30-min average carbon dioxide fluxes (FC) were also highly variable in each month, similarly to the variances of the FH fluxes. The lowest values of the net F COC were measured in the period from October to December (net CO2 fluxes did not exceed 0.55g m-2 s-1), while in the period from April to July the net ecosystem productivity was the biggest (1.5–2.0 m-2s-1),). WUE reached its minimum in May (7 g [CO2] kg-1), [H2O]), what indicates that the evapotranspiration of the ecosystem was the least effective from the point of view of COCOD absorption from the atmosphere (the ecosystem had a high productivity but it lost a great amount of water at the same time). In contrary, higher WUE values were observed in the colder period of the year, when the amount of available radiant energy was limited. WUE reached its peak in September (nearly 45 g of [CO2] kg-1), [H2O] ) which reveals, that in autumn the decline of evapotranspiration rates were higher than rates of the net CO2 exchange decrease. It also highlights the high adaptability of Scots pine (main species in studied forest ecosystem – 99%), to described conditions. The designated water use efficiency (WUE) parameter, may be used as a good indicator of the current condition of the ecosystem.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2780-2798
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monthly dynamics of carbon dioxide exchange across the sea surface of the Arctic Ocean in response to changes in gas transfer velocity and partial pressure of CO2 in 2010
    Autorzy:
    Wrobel, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48876.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    carbon dioxide
    sea surface
    Arctic Ocean
    gas flux
    global carbon budget
    gas velocity
    wind speed
    Opis:
    The Arctic Ocean (AO) is an important basin for global oceanic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake, but the mechanisms controlling air—sea gas fluxes are not fully understood, especially over short and long timescales. The oceanic sink of CO2 is an important part of the global carbon budget. Previous studies have shown that in the AO differences in the partial pressure of CO2 (DpCO2) and gas transfer velocity (k) both contribute significantly to interannual air—sea CO2 flux variability, but that k is unimportant for multidecadal variability. This study combined Earth Observation (EO) data collected in 2010 with the in situ pCO2 dataset from Takahashi et al. (2009) (T09) using a recently developed software toolbox called FluxEngine to determine the importance of k and DpCO2 on CO2 budgets in two regions of the AO — the Greenland Sea (GS) and the Barents Sea (BS) with their continental margins. Results from the study indicate that the variability in wind speed and, hence, the gas transfer velocity, generally play a major role in determining the temporal variability of CO2 uptake, while variability in monthly DpCO2 plays a major role spatially, with some exceptions.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Importance of bacteria and protozooplankton for faecal pellet degradation
    Autorzy:
    Morata, N.
    Seuthe, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48570.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    fecal pellet analysis
    protozooplankton
    Calanus
    degradation
    vertical flux
    carbon
    respiration
    microbial degradation
    chlorophyll a
    particulate organic carbon
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2014, 56, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Benthic diffusive fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon, ammonium and phosphates from deep water sediments of the Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Lengier, M.
    Szymczycha, B.
    Brodecka-Goluch, A.
    Klostowska, Z.
    Kulinski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078878.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    biogeochemistry
    benthic flux
    organic carbon
    organic matter
    remineralization
    dissolved organic carbon
    dissolved inorganic carbon
    ammonium
    phosphate
    oxygen availability
    deep water sediment
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    In this study, Baltic Sea sediments, as a source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium (NH4 +), and phosphates (PO4 3−), were investigated based on samples obtained in 2017 and 2018, shortly after a sequence of inflows from the North Sea that occurred between 2014 and 2017. Two different data sets (I and II) were used to assess benthic diffusive fluxes and thus elucidate both the temporal conditions at the time of sampling (data set I) and the diffusion potential of the sediments (data set II). The estimated fluxes were characterized by a high spatial variability within the whole Baltic Sea and ranged between −0.01 and 3.33 mmol m−2 d−1 for DIC, −0.02 and 0.44 mmol m−2 d−1 for DOC, −40.5 and 1370.1 μmol m−2 d−1 for NH4 +, and −5.9 and 60.9 μmol m−2 d−1 for PO4 3−. The estimated benthic diffusive fluxes indicated a high potential for DIC, DOC, NH4 +, and PO4 3− release from Baltic Sea sediments. The high O2 concentrations in the water column of the Gulf of Bothnia together with major Baltic inflows (MBIs) bringing oxygenated seawater to the Baltic Proper and to some extent the Eastern Gotland Basin regulate the amounts of chemicals released from the sediment. Our study showed that a sequence of inflows has greater impact on the diminution of diffusive fluxes than does a single MBI and that the sediments of the Baltic Proper, even under the influence of inflows, are an important source of C, N, and P (159 kt yr−1 for DIC+DOC, 6.3
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2021, 63, 3; 370-384
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Diffusive component of the vertical flux of particulate organic carbon in the North polar Atlantic
    Autorzy:
    Stramska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48240.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    organic matter
    ocean colour
    nutrient
    inorganic carbon
    remote sensing
    particulate organic carbon
    Atlantic Ocean
    vertical flux
    phytoplankton
    solar energy
    photosynthesis
    Opis:
    The diffusive component of the vertical flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) from the surface ocean layer has been estimated using a combination of the mixed layer model and ocean color data from the SeaWiFS satellite. The calculations were carried out for an example location in the north polar Atlantic centered at 75◦N and 0◦ E for the time period of 1998–2004. The satellite estimates of surface POC derived using a regional ocean color algorithm were applied as an input to the model driven by local surface heat and momentum fluxes. For each year of the examined period, the diffusive POC flux was estimated at 200-m depth from April through December. The highest flux is generally observed in the late fall as a result of increased heat loss and convectional mixing of surface waters. A relatively high diffusive POC flux is also observed in early spring, when surface waters are weakly stratified. In addition, the model results demonstrate significant interannual variability. The highest diffusive POC flux occurred in 1999 (about 4500 mg m−2 over the 9-month period). In 1998 and 2002 the estimated flux was about two orders of magnitude lower. The interannual variability of the diffusive POC flux is associated with mixed layer dynamics and underscores the importance of atmospheric forcing for POC export from the surface layer to the ocean’s interior.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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