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Tytuł:
Reconsideration of thermonuclear possibilities of Z-pinches
Autorzy:
Vikhrev, V. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147474.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fusion burn wave
neutrons
plasma focus
Z-pinch
Opis:
The paper considers the Z-pinch as the basis for future thermonuclear fusion reactors. Experiments on Z-pinches always concern small and high temperature and a high density plasma regions that arise spontaneously in the Z-pinch neck. A burn wave might be initiated in the Z-pinch column if in this small plasma region a Lawson-like condition is fulfilled.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 9-12
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computation of concentration changes of heavy metals in the fuel assemblies with 1.6% enrichment by ORIGEN code for VVER-1000
Autorzy:
Rahgoshay, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
ORIGEN code
burn-up
heavy metals
BUSHEHR Nuclear Power Plant
Opis:
ORIGEN code is a widely used computer code for calculating the buildup, decay, and processing of radioactive materials. During the past few years, a sustained effort was undertaken by ORNL to update the original ORIGEN code [4] and its associated data bases. The results of this effort were updated on the reactor model, cross section, fission product yields, decay data, decay photon data and the ORIGEN computer code itself. In this paper we have obtained concentration changes of uranium and plutonium isotopes by ORIGEN code at different burn-up and then the results have been compared with VVER-1000 results in the first fuel cycle for fuel assemblies with 1.6% enrichment in the BUSHEHR Nuclear Power Plant.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 3; 161-167
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal Performance Assessment of Heat Resistant Fabrics Based on a New Thermal Wave Model of Skin Heat Transfer
Autorzy:
Zhu, F.
Zhang, W.
Song, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
thermal performance
skin burn
skin simulant sensor
heat resistant fabrics
thermal wave skin model
ciepło
temperatura skóry
oparzenie
Opis:
A thermal wave skin model incorporating surface heat flux from a skin simulant sensor is developed to characterize the thermal performance of heat resistant fabrics covering the skin simulant sensor. Comparisons of time to 2nd-degree skin burn and temperature elevation of skin beneath a layer of fabric between the Pennes’ equation and the newly developed thermal wave skin model are performed in this research. Results of tolerance time from the Stoll criterion method are also compared with those from 2 skin models in a thermal protective performance calorimeter. It is concluded that the thermal properties of heat resistant fabrics can be characterized more precisely than previously.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2006, 12, 1; 43-51
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A study of the effects of changing burn-up and gap gaseous compound on the gap convection coefficient (in a hot fuel pin) in VVER-1000 reactor
Autorzy:
Rahgoshay, M.
Rahmani, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147623.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
VVER-1000
nuclear reactor
burn-up
Ross and Stoute model
gap convection
hot fuel pin
thermal expansion
Opis:
In this article we worked on the result and process of calculation of the gap heat transfer coefficient for a hot fuel pin in accordance with burn-up changes in the VVER-1000 reactor at the Bushehr nuclear power plant (Iran). With regard to the fact that in calculating the fuel gap heat transfer coefficient, various parameters are effective and the need for designing a model is being felt, therefore, in this article we used Ross and Stoute gap model to study impacts of different effective parameters such as thermal expansion and gaseous fission products on the hgap change rate. Over time and with changes in fuel burn-up some gaseous fission products such as xenon, argon and krypton gases are released to the gas mixture in the gap, which originally contained helium. In this study, the composition of gaseous elements in the gap volume during different times of reactor operation was found using ORIGEN code [3]. Considering that the thermal conduction of these gases is lower than that of helium, and by using the Ross and Stoute gap model, we find first that the changes in gaseous compounds in the gap reduce the values of gap thermal conductivity coefficient, but considering thermal expansion (due to burn-up alterations) of fuel and clad resulting in the reduction of gap thickness we find that the gap heat transfer coefficient will augment in a broad range of burn-up changes. These changes result in a higher rate of gap thickness reduction than the low rate of decrease of heat conduction coefficient of the gas in the gap during burn-up. Once these changes have been defined, we can proceed with the analysis of the results of calculations based on the Ross and Stoute model and compare the results obtained with the experimental results for a hot fuel pin as presented in the final safety analysis report of the VVER-1000 reactor at Bushehr [2]. It is noteworthy that the results of accomplished calculations based on the Ross and Stoute model correspond well with the existing experimental results for this reactor.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2007, 52, 3; 93-95
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania temperaturowe modułów elektronicznych
Temperature testing of electronic modules
Autorzy:
Ćwirko, J.
Ćwirko, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/209036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
diagnostyka temperaturowa
bezkontaktowy pomiar temperatury
temperaturowy system skaningowy
test burn-in
temperature diagnostics
non-contact temperature measurement
temperature mapping system
burn test
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono system pomiarowy do wyznaczania rozkładu temperatury modułów elektronicznych. Czujnik pirometryczny umożliwia wykonanie bezkontaktowych pomiarów temperatury. Przedstawiony system umożliwia badania dwu- lub trójwymiarowych rozkładów wartości temperatury płyt głównych komputerów PC lub central alarmowych. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono zrealizowane stanowisko pomiarowe do wykonywania badań środowiskowych typu burn-in.
In this paper, the temperature mapping system for electronic devices is presented. The pyroelectronic temperature sensor enables non-contact measurements. The measured system provides two or three dimensions temperature scan of electronic modules as PC motherboards or security system motherboards. In the second part of this paper, the measurement system for thermal environment test on security system modules is presented.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2008, 57, 2; 133-142
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Burn-in procedures in accelerated environment and system maintenance policies
Autorzy:
Cha, J. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
accelerated burn-in
bathtub-shaped failure rate function
optimal burn-in
replacement policy
Opis:
Burn-in is a widely used engineering method which is adopted to eliminate defective items before they are shipped to customers or put into field operation. In order to shorten the burn-in process, burn-in is most often accomplished in an accelerated environment. However, there have been few probabilistic or stochastic models for the burn-in procedures in accelerated environment. In this paper, under a new stochastic model for accelerated burn-in procedure, the problems of determining both optimal accelerated burn-in time and optimal replacement policy are considered. Components are burned-in under an accelerated environment, then those surviving the burn-in procedure are put into field operation and they are maintained under a replacement policy. The properties of the optimal accelerated burn-in time and optimal replacement policy are obtained and a numerical example which illustrates the usage of obtained results will be presented.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2008, 1; 101--107
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of gas flow on combustion and exhaust emissions in a dual fuel natural gas engine
Autorzy:
Tomita, E.
Kawahara, N.
Ohuchi, S.
Komoda, T.
Sakane, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244013.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
alternative fuel
dual fuel combustion system
natural gas
supercharged system
lean burn
gas flow
swirl
tumble
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 519-527
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Property determination for ethanol-gasoline blends with application to mass fraction burn analysis in a spark ignition engine
Autorzy:
Yeliana, Yeliana
Worm, J.
Michalek, D.
Naber, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950185.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
ethanol-gasoline blend
mass fraction burn
heat release
IC engine
fuel-air mixture properties
Opis:
The Mass Fraction Burn (MFB) and Heat Release Rate (HRR) reflects the amount of fuel burned, and the rate of burning throughout the combustion process in an internal combustion engine. These parameters play a crucial role in research and development endeavors focused on engine efficiency, emissions, and overall operating performance. They are computed by analyzing measured pressure data and applying thermodynamic principals to determine the energy released during the combustion process. Thus, the properties of the fuel-air and combusted gas mixtures play an important role in the analysis. Engine pressure data were taken from a Spark-Ignition Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) engine operating at a constant load of 330 kPa Net Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (Net IMEP) and using five ethanol-gasoline fuel blends: E0 (gasoline), E20, E40, E60, and E84. The fuels were assumed to be in a non-reacting state throughout the mixing process. Once the fuel mixture properties were known, the fuel-air and burned mixture properties were determined using the fuel-air mass ratio. The analysis presented within this paper details the process by which the fuel, fuel-air, and burned mixture properties can be determined. The MFB of five different fuel blends at a chosen operating condition was also presented along with the pressure trace, the temperature and the gamma profile at the end of this paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 553-561
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiebe function parameter determination for mass fraction burn calculation in an ETHANOL-GASOLINE fuelled SI engine
Autorzy:
Yeliana, Yeliana
Cooney, C.
Worm, J.
Michalek, D.
Naber, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
ethanol-gasoline blend
mass fraction burn
IC engine
Wiebe function
Opis:
The Mass Fraction Burn (MFB) and Heat Release Rate (HRR) reflect the amount of fuel burned and the rate of burning throughout the combustion process in an internal combustion engine. These parameters play a crucial role in research and development endeavours focused on engine efficiency, emissions, and overall operating performance. Analytically in a Spark-Ignition (SI) engine, these parameters are often modelled with the Wiebe function, a well known mass fraction burn formulation, which is a function of "a" (efficiency parameter), "m" (form factor), crank angle, and the duration of combustion. This function is a simple but powerful correlation model that is well suited for zero and one dimensional engine cycle simulations. In this work, the Wiebe function parameters are determined over a range of fuel compositions and compression ratios by fitting the Wiebe function curve to the experimentally obtained MFB data from a single-zone HRR analysis. The Wiebe function parameters are determined using a curve fitting model by finding the minimum of a scalar function of several variables. This functionality has been built into the single-zone mass fraction burned model. Experiments with five ethanol-gasoline fuel blends: E0 (gasoline), E20, E40, E60, and E84 were conducted on a SI Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) engine while holding a constant load of 330 kPa Net Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (Net IMEP). There were five methods introduced to fit the Wiebe function parameters, which utilized a combination of least square method and direct algebraic solution. This paper details the process used to determine the Wiebe function parameters, and compare the results obtained using these methods for the ethanol-gasoline mixture concentrations.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 567-574
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the neutronics of European lead-cooled fast reactor
Autorzy:
Cetnar, J.
Oettingen, M.
Domańska, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fuel burn-up
plutonium
minor actinides
oxide fuel
nitride fuel
LFR
ELSY
MCB
Opis:
The perspective of nuclear energy development in the near future imposes a new challenge on a number of sciences over the world. For years, the European Commission (EC) has sponsored scientific activities through the framework programmes (FP). The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) development in the European Union (EU) has been carried out within European lead-cooled system (ELSY) project of the 6th FP of EURATOM. This paper concerns the reactor core neutronic and burn-up design studies. We discuss two different core configurations of ELSY reactor; one loaded with the reference – mixed oxide fuel (MOX), whereas the second one with an advanced fuel – uranium- -plutonium nitride. Both fuels consist of reactor grade plutonium, depleted uranium and additionally, a fraction of minor actinides (MA). The fuel burn-up and the time evolution of the reactor characteristics has been assessed using a Monte Carlo burn-up code (MCB). One of the important findings concerns the importance of power profile evolution with burn-up as a limiting factor of the refuelling interval.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 3; 317-322
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania degradacji diod laserowych na pasmo 880 nm
The investigation of degradation of laser diodes emitting at 880 nm band
Autorzy:
Dąbrowska, E.
Nakielska, M.
Teodorczyk, M.
Sobczak, G.
Romaniec, M.
Malag, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/192203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Materiałów Elektronicznych
Tematy:
dioda laserowa
heterostruktura
badania starzeniowe
niezawodność diody laserowej
laser diode
heterostructure
burn-in tests
degradation
Opis:
Celem pracy było zbadanie przyczyn degradacji laserów mocy i ich związku z wykonywaniem poszczególnych operacji technologicznych (processing, montaż, napylanie luster) na degradację diod na pasmo 880 nm. Dla badanych diod o długości ich życia decydowały przede wszystkim poprawność wykonania luster oraz wprowadzający naprężenia montaż. Praca posłużyła do modernizacji technologii wytwarzania diod laserowych celem zwiększenia zysku.
The influence of following technology processes (such as: wafer processing, montage, mirror deposition) on degradation of laser diodes emitting at 880 nm band was studied. Those investigations helped to improve technology of laser diode production.
Źródło:
Materiały Elektroniczne; 2012, T. 40, nr 1, 1; 3-13
0209-0058
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Elektroniczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
CFD modelling of combustion in HCCI engine using avl fire software
Autorzy:
Jamrozik, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410680.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
Tematy:
spalanie
zapłon
czas zapłonu
homogenous charge compression ignition
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
heat release rate
start of the ignition
burn duration
injection timing
conventional compression ignition engine
indicated pressure
nitric oxide
Opis:
HCCI (Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition) combustion system is now one of the most promising solutions used in piston engines. The paper presents the results of three-dimensional modeling of combustion in the single cylinder HCCI engine powered with Diesel fuel. 3D modeling was performed in AVL Fire code. The basic combustion parameters including start of the ignition (SOI), burn duration (BD), indicated pressure (pi) and nitric oxide (NO) and soot (Soot) emissions were analyzed. The modeling results show that combustion process in HCCI engine compared to a conventional engine with compression ignition is characterized by an earlier ignition (SOI) and shorter burn duration (BD). The impossibility of controlling HCCI combustion process leads to deterioration of engine performance and increased emissions of harmful exhaust gas components. Calculations showed that for the same equivalence ratio of burn mixture, uncontrolled HCCI combustion compared to a controlled combustion in engine with fuel injection operated is characterized by higher NO emission and reduced Soot emission.
Źródło:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2012, 1, 1; 51-55
2084-5715
Pojawia się w:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Depletion analysis of the HELIOS experiment using the MCB code
Autorzy:
Oettingen, M.
D'Agata, E.
Döderlein, C.
Tuček, K.
Cetnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
depletion
HELIOS
Monte Carlo continuous energy burn-up code (MCB)
minor actinides
Opis:
The focus of our studies is to present an advanced depletion analysis of the HELIOS experiment by means of the Monte Carlo continuous energy burn-up code (MCB). The MCB was used mainly to calculate nuclide density evolution in nuclear reactor cores. We present the capability of the MCB to investigate the depletion of nuclear fuel samples irradiated in the HELIOS experiment. In our studies we traced the behaviour of the main fissile isotopes, 242mAm and 239Pu, respectively. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to the choice of JEF2.2 and JEFF3.1 cross section libraries in terms of the released fission power and the evolution of actinide inventories. The amount of He produced at the end of irradiation, as well as Am and Pu depletion, were also considered.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 435-441
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of the Types of Microorganisms Isolated from Blood and Wounds on the Results of Treatment in Burn Patients with Sepsis
Autorzy:
Glik, Justyna
Kawecki, Marek
Gaździk, Tadeusz
Nowak, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
burns
sepsis
burn wound infections
blood infection
Opis:
Despite development of combustiology, infections continue to be the most important cause of death among patients with burns. Sepsis is the most severe clinical presentation of infection in patients after thermal injuries who require immediate treatment. Early diagnosis and proper treatment of sepsis are important in the clinical management that is often hampered for multiple reasons, e.g. impaired patient immunity, problems with microorganisms with multi-antibacterial drug resistance.The aim of the study was to assess effect of type of a microorganism isolated from blood and wound on results of treatment of sepsis in patients with burns.Material and methods. Effect of type of microorganisms isolated from blood and wound on the result of treatment of sepsis was studied in 338 patients hospitalized immediately after an injury in Centre for Burn Treatment in Siemianowice Śląskie in years 2003 - 2004 (at the age of 18 - 96 years, 66 women and 272 men). Clinical symptoms of generalized infection were found in all study subjects. The study group was divided into two subgroups: cured patients and patients who died of sepsis. The following parameters were assessed in both subgroups: type of microorganism isolated from blood, type of microorganism isolated from wound as well as occurrence of the same and different infections of blood and burn wound.Results. positive blood cultures were found in 165 patients (48.8%), 106 (64.2%) were cured, 59 (35.8%) died. The most commonly isolated microorganisms in cured patients were Gram(+) Staphylococcus epidermidis MRSE (19.81%) and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (18.87%). Gram(-) intestinal rods were least commonly isolated from this group. The most commonly isolated microorganisms from blood of patients who were to die, included non-fermenting Gram(-) rods Acinetobacter baumannii (35.59%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.03%). Mixed bacterial flora was found in the blood of 22.03% patients. Among patients who were to die, the same microorganisms were found in the blood and in the wound in 32.2% of patients, while this rate was 17.92 in cured patients. The most commonly found bacteria in the blood and burn wound in the cured patients included Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (31.58%) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.05%). In the group of patients who were to die, the most common bacteria isolated simultaneously from the blood and burn wound included Acinetobacter baumannii (47.37%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36.84%).Conclusions. 1. The patients with thermal injuries are at higher risk of death in the event of sepsis caused by Gram(-) bacteria versus Gram(+) bacteria. 2. Infection of blood and burn wound caused by the same bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanni increases the risk of death due to sepsis in patients with burns following thermal injuries.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2012, 84, 1; 6-16
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ratownictwo medyczne w Krajowym Systemie Ratowniczo-Gaśniczym. Część III
Emergency Medical Services in the National Firefighting and Rescue System. Part III
Autorzy:
Chomoncik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973275.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpożarowej im. Józefa Tuliszkowskiego
Tematy:
oparzenie
chrypka
stridor
inhalacja
tonięcie
wychłodzenie
burn
hoarseness
inhalation
drowning
hypothermia
Opis:
Oparzenie jest chorobą, której skutki obejmują oprócz powłok ciała (rana oparzeniowa) powstanie zmian ogólnoustrojowych (choroba oparzeniowa). Ciężkość oparzenia zależy od powierzchni i głębokości oparzenia. W przypadku udzielania pomocy poszkodowanemu oparzonemu należy zwrócić uwagę na okoliczności i objawy wskazujące na możliwość oparzenia górnych dróg oddechowych (jeżeli pojawią się objawy obrzęku dróg oddechowych, szybko może dojść do niedrożności dróg oddechowych). Objawami obrzęku górnych dróg oddechowych mogą być: chrypka (wczesny objaw narastającego obrzęku w drogach oddechowych – zapytaj poszkodowanego, czy chrypka pojawiła się teraz) oraz stridor (świszczący oddech, wskazuje na ciężki obrzęk dróg oddechowych, który może doprowadzić do niewydolności oddechowej i jest stanem bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia). U poszkodowanego w przypadku rozległych oparzeń mogą wystąpić objawy wstrząsu hipowolemicznego. Należy pamiętać, że w przypadku porażenia prądem elektrycznym istnieje ryzyko zatrzymania krążenia, dlatego każdy poszkodowany porażony prądem elektrycznym powinien trafić do szpitala. W wyniku inhalacji (wdychania) dymu powstałego podczas pożaru dochodzi do uszkodzenia układu oddechowego. Towarzyszy temu: inhalacja tlenku węgla i innych gazów powstałych w procesie spalania, uszkodzenie górnych dróg oddechowych z następowym obrzękiem, uszkodzenie dolnych dróg oddechowych. Do dróg oddechowych dostają się substancje chemiczne powodujące uszkodzenie płuc oraz narządów wewnętrznych. Tonięcie to proces skutkujący pierwotnie zatrzymaniem oddechu spowodowanym podtopieniem lub zanurzeniem w cieczy. Pierwszym i najważniejszym celem udzielania pomocy poszkodowanemu po epizodzie tonięcia jest zmniejszenie niedotlenienia. Natychmiastowe podjęcie i prawidłowe prowadzenie tlenoterapii czynnej lub biernej zwiększa przeżywalność. Dlatego czynność te należy rozpocząć tak szybko, jak to możliwe (można je rozpocząć, gdy poszkodowany znajduje się w płytkiej wodzie, jeżeli bezpieczeństwo ratownika nie jest zagrożone). Wychłodzenie to wyziębienie całego organizmu doprowadzające do zmniejszenia temperatury poniżej normalnych wartości (36,5°C – 37,5°C).
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza; 2013, 3; 135-144
1895-8443
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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