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    Tytuł:
    Przestrzeń cmentarzysk pradziejowych w teorii i praktyce archeologicznej.
    The space of prehistoric burial grounds in archaeological theory and practice.
    Autorzy:
    Woźny, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584820.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
    Tematy:
    cmentarzyska
    pradzieje
    przestrzeń
    archeologia
    burial grounds
    prehistory
    space
    archaeology
    Opis:
    The ways of interpreting prehistoric burial grounds were modified several times within last decades. However, still dominant is the approach in which the most important is to document well, to systemize and to specify grave findings. The present paper considers the researches emphasizing the space relations in the burial ground area as well as the interrelations between ritual structures situated there. The grounds, in historical depiction, were analysed on the basis of the following methods: cultural evolutionism, positivism, structuralism, and also hermeneutics and phenomenology. Gradually, the attention was paid to the new research problems: distances between graves, directions of the burial grounds’ development, establishing their inner and outer boundaries, settlement of ritual structures (hearths, funeral pyres, concentration of pottery and stones) and the tradition of using the space of burial grounds in later historical periods. The conclusions presented in the paper show that the biography of archaeological structures, such as burial grounds, is initiated in primeval history but is completed by other generations of observers and researchers of those relics. Their space „text” is unceasingly read and interpreted.
    Źródło:
    Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia; 2014, 60; 29-34
    0065-0986
    2451-0300
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nová stříbrná kaptorga ze středních Čech v souvislosti s konkrétním výrobním okruhem(?) v Praze
    Autorzy:
    Profantová, Naďa
    Daněček, David
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038167.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-06-20
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Early Medieval
    Bohemia
    burial grounds
    female graves
    metal kaptorga
    protective amulet
    Opis:
    In response to the new find of a small silver trapezoid casket — i.e. kaptorga — from the grave of female H 2103 from Hostivice-Palouky, we focused our paper on the small group of such amulet caskets from Central Bohemia, decorated with engraved animal motifs on a punched background and with a knot made with the assistance of a pair of compasses on their lids and dated to the 2nd half of the 10th century. The kaptorga from Hostivice belongs to the Bohemian openable construction type IA, and was decorated with an engraving of a pair of birds with their heads turned on eitherr side of a stylized tree of life with leaf-shaped tendrils. Most of the finds from Hostivice, Klecany II, Praha-Lumbe Garden were produced in Prague during the 2nd half of the 10th century.
    Źródło:
    Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2017, 58; 91-113
    0080-9993
    Pojawia się w:
    Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Obrządek pogrzebowy w mezolicie na ziemiach polskich
    Mesolithic burials on the territory of Poland
    Autorzy:
    Marciniak, Filip
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546909.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    Mesolithic period
    burial grounds
    worship
    grave construction
    mezolit
    pochówki
    wierzenia
    konstrukcje grobowe
    Opis:
    For many decades, archaeologists were wondering what the spiritual life of prehistoric peoples inhabiting Polish territories looked like. With the beginning of the Mesolithic period our knowledge of that issue significantly expands. This is primarily due to a growing number of new discoveries of burials associated with the Mesolithic peoples. The main purpose of this paper is to present the graves of hunter-gatherers so far known in the literature that represent the Mesolithic stage of development on the territory of Poland. The article also makes an attempt to relate them to the various examples of burials in eastern and western Europe, and thus to interpret and to answer to some phenomena that are noticeable in the archaeological material such as: the numerous burials of women with small children, the specific arrangement of bodies and significant amounts of ochre found in burial pits in areas distant from natural deposits of this pigment. Although these phenomena are often quoted in the descriptions of Mesolithic burials, they still raise a number of questions.
    Od wielu dziesięcioleci naukowcy zadają sobie pytanie, jak wyglądało życie duchowe społeczeństw pierwotnych, zamieszkujących tereny dzisiejszej Polski. Wraz z rozwojem badań nad mezolitem nasza wiedza na ten temat zaczyna się znacznie poszerzać. Wynika to głównie z coraz to nowych odkryć pochówków wiązanych z ludami mezolitycznymi. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja dotychczas znanych i opisanych w literaturze przedmiotu pochówków ludów łowiecko – zbierackich, reprezentujących na ziemiach polskich mezolityczny etap rozwoju. Zestawienie wspólnych cech obrządku pogrzebowego uchwytnych w materiale źródłowym takich, jak: sposób ułożenia zwłok, konstrukcje grobowe czy w końcu dary, które składano przy zmarłym. Tekst ten podejmuje próbę odniesienia tych cech do poszczególnych przykładów obrządku pogrzebowego z terenów wschodniej i zachodniej Europy. Podejmuje również próbę interpretacji niektórych zjawisk dostrzegalnych w materiale zabytkowym, takich jak: liczne pochówki kobiet z małymi dziećmi, specyficzny układ zwłok w niektórych przypadkach, czy w końcu znaczne ilości ochry, występujące w jamach grobów na terenach mocno oddalonych od naturalnych złóż tego pigmentu. Zjawiska te, choć często przytaczane w trakcie opisów pochówków mezolitycznych, po dziś dzień budzą wiele pytań.
    Źródło:
    UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 2016, 1, 1; 24-37
    2543-8379
    Pojawia się w:
    UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monety z cmentarzyska w Gieczu, stanowisko 4, jako źródło do badań obrzędów funeralnych
    Coins from the burial ground in Giecz, site 4, as a source for the research of funeral rituals
    Autorzy:
    Indycka, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532523.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    Giecz
    monety
    zwyczaje pogrzebowe
    wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzysko
    XI–XIII wiek
    coins
    funeral rituals
    early medieval burial grounds
    11th–13th century
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of the analyses of coins, which were found during excavation works on the early medieval skeleton cemetery in Giecz (site 4). 281 graves were uncovered and examined there, among which were the ones with coins. The conducted archaeological and numismatic analyses refer to funeral rituals, chronology of the burial ground and various cultural phenomena connected with coins. The obtained data indicate that the ritual of depositing coins with the dead at the cemetery located next to the castle-town in Giecz appeared over half century after converting to the new religion and continued for 200 years. On the basis of the conducted analysis it can be stated that the coins were placed with the dead regardless of their sex or age at the moment of death. The deceased were buried in the same way as the majority of the decedents at the burial grounds; their graves did not stand alone. With the exception of the shears, no other special objects were placed in them and no two groups of graves of the same type were registered. Graves with coins, regardless of their orientation as well as sex and age of the individuals buried in them, and regardless of the chronology of the coins which they contained, were placed on the entire burial ground. They were orientated similarly to the majority of graves. The relationship between the type of coin and the grave’s orientation, where the coins were put, was not identified. The complete coins were placed in graves and these included almost exclusively saxon cross coins and princely denars. The custom of placing coins in graves was probably restricted to the elite groups which were in the possession of coins. At the present stage of research one could risk saying that it also showed the bonds connecting members of the family. It is possible that families had their quarters “assigned” at this cemetery, which can be reflected in graves with coins of different chronology located next to each other. The family bonds can also be indicated by the coins minted with the same stamps, which were found in the graves. The archaeological analysis of graves with coins also brought crucial data, which can be pertained to the stages of the functioning of the burial ground. It has been pointed out that in the third decade of the 11th century the custom of placing coins in graves appeared in Giecz. However, it was not prevalent in those days and was probably limited to a small group of the local community which was in the possession of money in the period when the monetary economy had just started to popularize [Łosiński 1991: 251–257]. Presumably the first coins, which were placed in graves of both segments after the incursion of Bretislav, are the cross denars type V, which were first issued in 1060. The research also revealed that in both periods when the burial ground was in use, at least two of its segments were occupied simultaneously. The coins manifested, among other things, power, prestige, wealth and religious content [Kiersnowski 1988: 38; Dzieduszycki 1995: 85–86]. The coins spread, among other ways, through wealth redistribution [Dzieduszycki 1995: 64–69]. The presence of coins in graves — the symbols of wealth and glamour, of which a small piece was placed with a deceased member of the family — despite the absence of other “precious” objects, points to the high social status of both the buried individuals and the contributor. In the research concerning the importance of coins in graves, the iconography of coins attracts attention, especially the religious symbols visible on them [Kiersnowski 1988: 314– 326; 170, 378–379]. Such varied images of a cross and saints can also be found on coins from Giecz. Therefore, it can be assumed that some of the coins were placed with the deceased as a confession of their faith and/or an offering to the Creator. It could be possible that the coins in the youngest children’s graves were their baptism certificate. Only one object from a grave which depicted religious symbols has been identified so far. It was a metal pendant. Its décor presents a miniature Maiestas Crucis, derivative from the pattern known from cards and the covers of Carolingian and Ottonian books [Indycka 2017]. Hence, the coins found in the graves should be included in the group of objects which express the Christian ideology. Diverse aspects of belief in the magic of coins show that the living could have multiple motives for placing coins with the deceased member of the family and community [Miechowicz 2006: 149–153]. Further analyses of the coins minted with the same stamps may lead to the research concerning the origins and distribution of the coins [Paszkiewicz 2015: 237]. The presence of coins in graves, with different periods of emission, brings data concerning the period of their circulation [Suchodolski 2016: 184], as well as their hoarding [Dzieduszycki 1995: 73–78]. The above considerations also point to the family bonds. Due to numismatic and archaeological analyses, the data concerning various cultural phenomena related to coins and funeral rituals and their chronology was obtained. The remarks concerning the usefulness of coins in social analyses, both in the aspect of social hierarchy and family bonds of the Giecz community, are also crucial. However, almost all the issues mentioned in the present article require further interdisciplinary research and profound comparative studies.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2019, 18; 207-243
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Z prac ministerialnych nad ujednoliceniem prawa chowania zmarłych w II Rzeczypospolitej
    From the ministerial work on the unification of burial law in the Second Polish Republic
    Autorzy:
    Truszkowski, Bartosz Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621763.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-04-22
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    prawo chowania zmarłych
    zakładanie cmentarzy
    miejsca pochówku
    przepisy sanitarne
    Polska międzywojenna
    II Rzeczpospolita
    burial law
    establishment of cemeteries
    burial grounds
    sanitary regulations
    interwar Poland
    the Second Polish Republic
    Opis:
    The article aims to present the long-term process of forming the Burial and Determining the Cause of Death Act of 1932 and its implementing regulation of 1933. Through the outline of the history of burial customs and the related legal rules from antiquity to the 19th century, the author focuses on interwar Poland, re-established after years of non-existence, which tried to undertake its own legislative activity in this field. Basic sanitary regulations regarding the exhumation and transportation of corpses were passed very quickly, but the comprehensive and unifying legal act in the matter of burial was not established until the beginning of the 1930s. On the basis of archival files of the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment, the author undertakes to present the chronology of work on the act of 1932, and to evaluate this process, which lasted over a decade.
    Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie wieloletniego procesu kształtowania się ustawy o chowaniu zmarłych i stwierdzaniu przyczyny zgonów z 1932 r. oraz uzupełniającego ją rozporządzenia wykonawczego z 1933 r. Przez zarys historii zwyczajów dotyczących pochówku, a także dziejów regulacji prawnych z nim związanych od starożytności po XIX w., autor dociera do odrodzonego po latach zaborów państwa polskiego, które próbowało podjąć w tej dziedzinie własną działalność ustawodawczą. Podstawowe przepisy sanitarne związane z ekshumacją i przewożeniem zwłok udało się uchwalić bardzo szybko po odzyskaniu niepodległości, jednak kompleksowej i ujednolicającej tę trudną tematykę ustawy Polska międzywojenna doczekała się dopiero na początku lat trzydziestych. Na podstawie archiwalnych akt z Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego autor podejmuje się przedstawienia chronologii prac nad ustawą z 1932 r. i oceny tego ponaddziesięcioletniego procesu.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2019, 18, 2; 111-139
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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