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Tytuł:
Enzymatic activity of actinomycetes from the genus Streptomyces isolated from the bulk soil and rhizosphere of the Pinus sylvestris
Autorzy:
Golinska, P.
Dahm, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
enzyme activity
Actinomycetes
Streptomyces
isolation
bulk soil
forest soil
rhizosphere
Pinus sylvestris
chitinase
protease
pectinase
cellulase
Opis:
The enzymatic activity (chitinolytic, proteolytic, pectolytic andcellulolytic) of twenty strains of Streptomyces isolated from soil and rhizosphere of Scots pine was analyzed. Most strains produced chitinases, catalyzing the degradation of chitin, the main component of fungal cell walls including fungi pathogenic for plants. This activity was about 4 times higher in the presence of Fusariumoxysporum than Rhizoctonia solani mycelium or chitin flakes. The number of the proteolytic strains was also significant. In general, rhizosphere and soil organisms synthesizedcomparable amounts of these enzymes. Over half of the analyzed Streptomyces strains produced pectolytic enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectin lyase and pectate lyase). This property was more common among rhizosphere than among soil strains. The Streptomyces strains also showedcellulolytic activity (endocellulases, exocellulases) – enzymes decomposing basic components of cell walls of plant and lower fungi (cellulose). The cellulolytic activity was differentiated and depended on the Streptomyces strain. Conclusion of our studies is that Streptomyces are the microorganisms more chitinolytic andproteolytic than pectolytic and cellulolytic.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2011, 65
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of different models for predicting soil bulk density.Case study – Slovakian agricultural soils
Autorzy:
Makovníková, Jarmila
Širáň, Miloš
Houšková, Beata
Pálka, Boris
Jones, Arwyn
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
soil bulk density
pedotransfer function
texture
soil carbon content
Opis:
Soil bulk density is one of the main direct indicators of soil health, and is an important aspect of models for determining agroecosystem services potential. By way of applying multi-regression methods, we have created a distributed prediction of soil bulk density used subsequently for topsoil carbon stock estimation. The soil data used for this study were from the Slovakian partial monitoring system-soil database. In our work, two models of soil bulk density in an equilibrium state, with different combinations of input parameters (soil particle size distribution and soil organic carbon content in %), have been created, and subsequently validated using a data set from 15 principal sampling sites of Slovakian partial monitoring system-soil, that were different from those used to generate the bulk density equations. We have made a comparison of measured bulk density data and data calculated by the pedotransfer equations against soil bulk density calculated according to equations recommended by Joint Research Centre Sustainable Resources for Europe. The differences between measured soil bulk density and the model values vary from -0.144 to 0.135 g cm-3 in the verification data set. Furthermore, all models based on pedotransfer functions give moderately lower values. The soil bulk density model was then applied to generate a first approximation of soil bulk density map for Slovakia using texture information from 17 523 sampling sites, and was subsequently utilised for topsoil organic carbon estimation.
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2017, 31, 4; 491-498
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Response of spring barley to changes of compaction and aeration of sandy soil under model conditions
Autorzy:
Czyz, E.A.
Tomaszewska, J.
Dexter, A.R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26019.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
aeration
oxygen diffusion rate
soil
sandy soil
compaction
yield
root growth
barley
soil compaction
soil bulk density
spring barley
model condition
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2001, 15, 1
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some ecological consequences of soil degradation under Estonian conditions
Ekologiczne konsekwencje degradacji gleby w warunkach estońskich
Autorzy:
Kuht, J.
Nugis, E.
Reintam, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/807085.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Estonia
agroecological condition
plant cultivation
barley
cultivated soil
soil degradation
soil compaction
nitrogen fertilization
penetration resistance
soil bulk density
agricultural machine
cell fluid
pH
soil research
agricultural research
Opis:
The extreme soil compaction and standard indices for Estonian soils sted to sustainable crop production are worked out which could be a basis for chracterizing the agro-ecological conditions for some particular soils. Comparison of measurements showed, that increase of subsoil hardness by compaction is mostly visible in soils with relatively weak agro-technical capability (90 and 120 kPa). The penetration resistance of arable soils is quite different depending on Estonian area. We are briefly introducing our results concerning the influence of soil compaction on penetration resistance of different soils in Estonia, on uptake of nutrients and new viewpoints concerning the changes in cellualar fluid pH of barley as depended on the soil compaction. Concerning degree of intracellular fluid pH we could conclude that this method is rather sensitive and allows us to find out plausible relations between the CpH compaction of soil and the level of the nitrogen fertilizer. Our contribution to this work justified itself and allowed us to analyse from a new point of view the positive as well as negative aspects of the effect of soil compaction and level of nitrogen fertilizer. Without nitrogen fertilizer the influence of soil compaction is rather negative. The effect of soil bulk density on cellular fluid pH of barley leaves generally depends on the number of passes. The experiment showed also that stronger decrease of nutrient content started at the same soil bulk densityvalue, at which the cellular fluid pH quickly increased. If the soil bulk density- increased up to level of 1.52-1.54 Mg·m⁻³, the cellular fluid pH increased very quickly.
Opracowano wskaźniki i standardy odnoszące się do maksymalnego, z punktu widzenia zrównoważonej produkcji rolniczej, ugniecenia gleb estońskich. Mogą one stanowić podstawę charakteryzowania warunków agro-ekologicznych dla niektórych gleb. Porównanie wyników badań wykonanych w różnych miejscach wskazuje, że wzrost zwięzłości podglebia w wyniku ugniecenia jest najbardziej widoczny na glebach o stosunkowo słabej nośności agro-technicznej (90 i 120 kPa). Opory penetracji gleb uprawnych różnią się znacznie w zależności od rejonu Estonii. Przedstawiliśmy w skrócie nasze wyniki, dotyczące wpływu ugniecenia gleb na opory penetracji dla rolniczych gleb Estonii i na pobieranie składników nawozowych, a także przedstawiliśmy nasz pogląd dotyczący zmian odczynu pH płynu komórkowego jęczmienia w zależności od ugniecenia gleby. Co się tyczy poziomu odczynu pH płynu komórkowego stwierdziliśmy, że ta metoda jest dostatecznie czuła i pozwala ustalić wiarygodne relacje między CpH, ugnieceniem gleby i poziomem nawożenia azotowego. Nasz wkład w tę pracę był uzasadniony i pozwolił analizować z nowego punktu widzenia zarówno pozytywne jak i negatywne aspekty ugniecenia gleby i nawożenia azotowego. Bez nawożenia azotowego skutki ugniecenia są raczej negatywne. Wpływ gęstości gleby na pH płynu komórkowego liści jęczmienia zależy głównie od liczby przejazdów. Eksperyment wykazał również, że spadek ilości pobranego nawozu rozpoczyna się przy tej samej wartości gęstości gleby, przy której występuje gwałtowny wzrost pH płynu komórkowego. Przy wzroście gęstości gleby do poziomu 1,52-1,54 Mg·m⁻³, pH płynu komórkowego bardzo szybko wzrasta.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2006, 508
0084-5477
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biochar and Biochar with N Fertilizer Impact on Soil Physical Properties in a Silty Loam Haplic Luvisol
Autorzy:
Horák, Ján
Šimanský, Vladimír
Igaz, Dušan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125328.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
biochar
soil moisture
soil temperature
bulk density
N fertilization
Opis:
Recently, a lot of studies focused on the effects of biochar application to agricultural soils and its influence on the soil properties. However, only limited information is available on the simultaneous impact of N-fertilizer combined with biochar to soil physical propersies such as: soil moisture, soil temperature, bulk density and waterfilled pore space. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the soil physical properties of a silty loam Haplic Luvisol affected by the biochar application and its combination with N fertilizer during the years 2014–2016 (Experimental site of SUA-Nitra, Dolná Malanta, Slovakia). The field experiment was carried out in 2014 with different biochar application doses (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and different rate of N fertilization (0, 1st and 2nd level of N fertilization). The results showed that the both biochar amendment and biochar with N fertilizer increased the soil moisture in the range of 1 to 15%, on average. The higher rate of biochar resulted in higher soil moisture in all treatments with biochar in the following order B0 (14.9) < B10 (15.1) < B20 (16.2) as well as in biochar in combination with N fertilization: B0N1 (14.6) < B10N1 (15.7) < B20N1 (16.2) as well as B0N2 (14.8) < B10N2 (15.8) < B20N2 (16.0) during the years of 2014–2016. A positive trend of water-filled pore space increase by the time in all studied treatments was observed. No significant changes in the average soil temperature were observed between the biochar and biochar with N fertilization treatments during the growing seasons of individual years. The higher rate of biochar resulted in lower soil bulk density in all treatments with biochar in combination with N fertilization in the following order: B0N1 (1.49) > B10N1 (1.47) > B20N1 (1.44) as well as B0N2 (1.51) > B10N2 (1.47) > B20N2 (1.39) during years the studied period (2014–2016).
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 7; 31-38
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Accessibility of most frequently used physical parameters of soil structure, reliability of measured values, lack of replicates and ways out of this dilemma
Autorzy:
Hartge, K.H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24699.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
hydraulic conductivity
bulk density
soil depth
soil structure
measurement
physical parameter
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 1997, 11, 1-2
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of reclamation on the structure of silty-clay soils irrigated with saline-sodic waters
Autorzy:
Cucci, G.
Lacolla, G.
Pagliai, M.
Vignozzi, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24612.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
soil structure
soil porosity
salinity
image analysis
reclamation
silty soil
clay soil
irrigation
bulk density
Opis:
The objective of the work was to evaluate, by using the micromorphometric method, the effects of reclamation on porosity of two different clay loam soils irrigated with saline-sodic waters. Soil samples of the Ap horizon were put in cylindrical containers and irrigated with 9 types of saline-sodic waters (3 levels of salinity combined with 3 levels of sodicity). After a 4-year period, correction treatments were initiated by addition of calcium sulphate and leaching until electrical conductivity and sodium absorption ratio values of the drainage water matched 3 dS m-1 and 9, respectively. After 2 years of correction treatments, undisturbed soil samples were taken from the surface layer and soil thin sections for porosity measurements. Both soils did not show critical macroporosity values (> 10%, below this threshold a soil is classified as compact). Nevertheless, the soils exhibiteda different behaviour: total porosity of the Pachic Haploxeroll soil was not affected by difference in water salinity and alkalinity; on the contrary, the Udertic Ustochrept soil showed a lower porosity associated with higher salt concentration in the irrigation waters. This may be due to the different iron and aluminium sesquioxides content and, as a consequence, a different effect on soil aggregate stability.
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2015, 29, 1
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of agricultural use on chosen soil properties
Autorzy:
Braun, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2029783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
agricultural use
soil reaction
bulk density
organic matter
Opis:
Agricultural use may change soil. These changes may be observed by examining certain soil properties. In numerous cases of agricultural use, soil compaction may be observed at the depth of 25-35 cm. After many years of use, this may lead to the creation of a plough sole. On arable grounds, which are generally fertilized by minerals, a decrease in organic matter content and soil acidification are frequently observed. Each human activity leads to changes in the natural environment. In the case of agricultural use, the greatest changes take place in soil. Mechanization in agriculture and the wish to produce ever-greater amounts of crops influence changes in some soil properties. In a short time, changes in soil reaction, organic matter content or creation of a plough sole at the depth of 25-35 cm may observed.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2008, 13; 153-162
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of pedotransfer functions for predicting soil bulk density : a case study in Indonesian small island
Autorzy:
Yanti, Evi Dwi
Mulyono, Asep
Djuwansah, Muhammad Rahman
Narulita, Ida
Putra, Risandi Dwirama
Surinati, Dewi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
bulk density
multiple linear regression
pedotransfer function
soil property
Opis:
Unlike many other countries, tropical regions such as Indonesia still lack publications on pedotransfer functions (PTFs), particularly ones dedicated to the predicting of soil bulk density. Soil bulk density affects soil density, porosity, water holding capacity, drainage, and the stock and flux of nutrients in the soil. However, obtaining access to a laboratory is difficult, time-consuming, and costly. Therefore, it is necessary to utilise PTFs to estimate soil bulk density. This study aims to define soil properties related to soil bulk density, develop new PTFs using multiple linear regression (MLR), and evaluate the performance and accuracy of PTFs (new and existing). Seven existing PTFs were applied in this study. For the purposes of evaluation, Pearson’s correlation (r), mean error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE), and modelling efficiency (EF) were used. The study was conducted in five soil types on Bintan Island, Indonesia. Soil depth and organic carbon (SOC) are soil properties potentially relevant for soil bulk density prediction. The ME, RMSE, and EF values were lower for the newly developed PTFs than for existing PTFs. In summary, we concluded that the newly developed PTFs have higher accuracy than existing PTFs derived from literature. The prediction of soil bulk density will be more accurate if PTFs are applied directly in the area that is to be studied.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 51; 181-187
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem wykorzystania gęstości objętościowej gleby w ocenie jej zagęszczenia
The problem of the use of bulk density of the soil in assessing its compaction
Autorzy:
Błażejczak, D.
Dawidowski, J. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/337261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
Tematy:
gleba
ocena
zagęszczenie
gęstość objętościowa
soil
assessment
compaction
bulk density
Opis:
Celem pracy było dokonanie analizy problemu wykorzystywania gęstości objętościowej gleby w ocenie warunków rozwoju roślin i oddziaływania kół pojazdów i maszyn rolniczych na glebę. Zwrócono uwagę na fakt, że stosowanie gęstości objętościowej gleby do tych celów niesie za sobą wiele niewiadomych, utrudniających interpretację otrzymanych wyników oznaczeń. Omówiono problem oceny zagęszczenia gleby za pomocą: optymalnej gęstości objętościowej, krytycznej gęstości objętościowej i naturalnej gęstości objętościowej. Stwierdzono, że gęstość objętościowa gleby jest wskaźnikiem uwikłanym różnymi zależnościami, które modyfikują jej znaczenie jako kryterium różnego rodzaju ocen stanu gleby. W takich uwarunkowaniach ocena zagęszczenia gleby powinna także zawierać co najmniej następujące informacje: gatunek rośliny, wilgotność gleby, grupa granulometryczna gleby oraz sposób pobierania próbek gleby.
The aim of this study was to analyze the problem of soil bulk density used in the evaluation of conditions for plant growth and the assessment of the impact of vehicle wheels and machinery on the ground. Attention was paid to the fact that applying of the bulk density of the soil for such goals, carries a lot of unknowns, hampering the interpretation of the results of determinations. The problem of soil compaction assessment was discussed by: optimum bulk density, critical bulk density and natural bulk density. It was found that the bulk density of the soil is entangled with various relationships that modify its use as the criterion of the assessment of soil condition. Therefore soil compaction assessment should also include at least the following information: name of the plant, soil water content, name of soil textural group and description of soil sampling.
Źródło:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering; 2013, 58, 1; 17-20
1642-686X
2719-423X
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plough sole as the result of the agricultural land use
Autorzy:
Stojek, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
soil compaction
bulk density
arable land
hay-growing meadows
pastures
Opis:
The purpose of this paper was the estimate of the substratum compaction in various soil types and under various conditions of use. The compaction characteristics were performed on the basis of bulk density of soil. It was performed on various types of soil, built of various materials, occurring in the vicinity of Płock. The soils are farming land. The greatest substratum compaction was observed in arable lands, built of light loam, silt and loamy sand. The difference in bulk density between the layer at the depth of 25 - 35 cm and the adjacent horizons reaches 0.3 Mg per cubic metre. In soils used for green crops the substratum layer does not show a large difference between the adjacent layers, but the values of bulk density are equal to about 1.6 - 1.8 Mg per cubic metre already near the surface. Higher values of bulk density at the depth of 25 - 35 cm were observed in 68% of soils under investigation.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2004, 11; 63-69
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal conductivity of a Brown Earth soil as affected by biochars derived at different temperatures: Experiment and prediction with the Campbell model
Autorzy:
Zhao, B.
Li, L.
Zhao, Y.
Zhang, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
biochar
bulk density
thermal conductivity
Brown Earth soil
Campbell model
Opis:
Thermal conductivity is a significant heat transfer property of soil. However, the influence of biochar on this property is not well known. In this research, the influence of corn straw biochars prepared at 300, 500 and 700oC on the thermal conductivity of a Brown Earth (Hapli-Udic Cambisol, FAO) soil and its prediction using a Campbell model was examined. The outcomes revealed that the bulk densities of the soil markedly decreased with increases in the biochar amendment rates of 1, 3, and 5% in linear patterns. The reduction in bulk density was mainly attributed to an increase in soil porosity and organic carbon content. With increasing volumetric water contents (10, 20, 30 and 40%), the thermal conductivity of the soils significantly increased, whereas those of soils with biochar amendment were obviously less than that of the CK and the differences increased with the biochar application rates. The pyrolysis temperature of biochar exhibited a negligible effect on the bulk density and thermal conductivity of soils at large. Combining the linear reduction of bulk density with the biochar amendment rate into the Campbell model, well-fitting results for the variation inthermal conductivity versus volumetric water content were obtained and accurate values could be predicted.
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2020, 34, 4; 433-439
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soil tensile strength as affected by time, water content and bulk density
Autorzy:
Blazejczak, D.
Horn, R.
Pytka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24993.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
bulk density
soil water
age-hardening process
tensile strength
condition
soil compaction
water content
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 1995, 09, 3
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of applying compost from municipal wastes on some physical properties of the soil
Autorzy:
Jamroz, E.
Drozd, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26220.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
bulk density
physical property
soil
municipal waste
porosity
water retention
compost
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 1999, 13, 2
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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