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Tytuł:
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Electric Stimulation: applications in Neurology and Psychiatry
Transkrania magneta stimulado kaj transkrania elektra stimulado: aplikadoj en Neŭrologio kaj Psikiatrio
Autorzy:
BRASIL–NETO, Joaquim P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033763.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej Ośrodek Umea Shinoda-Kuracejo
Tematy:
brain plasticity
Opis:
Cerebral plasticity plays an important role in learning and in neurological recovery after nervous lesions. However, in certain nervous diseases that same plasticity may lead to nervous system malfunction. Nowadays there are new methods that seem to be able to modulate nervous system function, namely transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. By use of these methods it may be possible, for example, to transiently improve learning and other mental abilities in normal volunteers or to treat symptoms of maladaptive brain plasticity in various neurological and psychiatric conditions. In this article we review the history, the fundamentals and the most important uses of these techniques.
Źródło:
Medicina Internacia Revuo; 2014, 26, 103; 106-109
0465-5435
Pojawia się w:
Medicina Internacia Revuo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Asymmetric Mobility and Emigration of Highly Skilled Workers in Europe: The Portuguese case
Autorzy:
Machado Gomes, Rui
Teixeira Lopes, João
Cerdeira, Luísa
Vaz, Henrique
Peixoto, Paulo
Cabrito, Belmiro
Machado-Taylor, Maria Lourdes
Brites, Rui
Patrocínio, Tomás
Ganga, Rafaela
Silva, Sílvia
Silva, José Pedro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/580422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
BRAIN DRAIN
BRAIN CIRCULATION
ACADEMIC MOBILITY
DESKILLING
RESKILLING
Opis:
Emigration is a chronic structural process of the Portuguese society. The discussion and key arguments raised in this chapter are mainly focused on data from a research project on Portuguese skilled emigration. Based on the outcomes of the BRADRAMO2 on-line survey to 1011 highly skilled emigrants it can be suggested that recent phenomena in general, and the crisis that began around 2008 in particular, profoundly transformed the patterns of Portuguese emigration. Nowadays, the country faces a brain drain dynamic that is dramatically altering the profiles of national emigrants, emigration destinations, self-identity, and the strategies of those who leave the country. Academic mobility, mainly that promoted by the European Union (through grants from the Erasmus Program), created and fostered mobility flows that reinforced a latent mobility phenomenon. Once engaged in academic mobility programs, Portuguese higher education students tend to stay in the country of destination or, upon returning temporarily to Portugal, to evince a very strong predisposition to move to a country of the European Union. The profile of Portuguese high-skilled emigrants reveals a trend towards a permanent and a long-term (as opposed to a temporary or transitory) mobility, an insertion in the primary segment of the labor market of the destination countries, a predominance of professionals connected to the academic/scientific system and to professions requiring high skills, and a latent mobility (aft er a period of study in the country of destination) rather than direct mobility flows (after having entered in the employment system of the sending country).
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2018, 44, 3 (169); 143-164
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pathophysiology of ischemic reperfusion injury and the molecular targets involved in amelioration of brain injury by herbal medicine
Autorzy:
Badamasi, I.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2098502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
brain
brain injury
molecular target
stroke
herbal medicine
pathophysiology
Opis:
Introduction and objectives. A number of preclinical evaluations of stroke treatment with herbal medicine (HM) have been reported. The aim of the current review was to highlight the pathophysiology of stroke and review the pre-clinically identified molecular mechanisms of HM treatment. Materials and method. Only 32 articles published in the English language were accessible on Google scholar describing the treatment and mechanistic processes of HM in animal models of stroke, as well as human clinical trials, and were reviewed in this study. Results and discussion. Suboptimal Na+/K+ ATPases pump activity, actions of microglia cytokines that increase the level intracellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) which promote WBC extravasation with associated increased in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity (digest basement-membranes), explains edema and apoptosis/inflammation. Altered conductivity in injured neurons with compensatory increase in glutamate release that overwhelms the regulatory glial glutamate transporter 1, and thus peaks the level of glutamate to an excitotoxin leve, promotes neuronal death. Glutamate activity on NMDAR promotes oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and release/influx of Ca2+ that causes apoptosis. The molecular targets involved in the treatment for stroke by HM promote anti-apoptotic/anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, anticoagulation/fibrinolysis effects and optimal metabolism. Different HM promotes the activities of tissue plasminogen activator, haemeoxygenase 1, Neutrin-1, brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Conclusion. The pathophysiology of stroke and the preclinical targets on which HM act to ameliorate them were identified which could serve as a focus for research on the development of effective treatment for stroke.
Źródło:
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research; 2021, 15, 2; 87-99
1898-2395
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF CREATIVITY: A MICROGENETIC APPROACH
Autorzy:
Pąchalska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
brain damage
brain injury
schizophrenia
neuromarker
art
self
culture
Opis:
The neuropsychology of creativity is recently understood as a subdiscipline developing on the borderline of being a: (1) medical neuroscience - using clinical and experimental neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neurobiological, neurosurgical, neurological, neuropsychiatric methods and approaches and (2) social neuroscience - using social psychology and neuropsychology, social linguistics and neurocultural studies to help disabled people. The subject of research into the neuropsychology of creativity is the relationship between creativity and the functioning of the brain (structures and neuronal connections) and the self using the individual, social and cultural mind and modelling these behaviors in relation to the biological organism and the social and cultural environment itself. Neuropsychological research of creativity is directed mainly to discover the brain mechanisms of creativity, to form the theoretical models, to elaborate the methods of diagnosis and therapy of artists with brain damage. A promising model that allows for a better understanding of the creation process, and therefore one offering better assistance to individuals who have never developed or have lost the ability to create due to brain damage, is the microgenetic approach that will be discussed in this article. To introduce the reader to these issues, a case study of an artist with brain damage is presented. It illustrates the importance of performing a syndrome analysis, supported by the neurophysiological studies (neuroimaging studies of the brain, quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), event-related potentials (ERPs) and sLorette tomography) with the use of neuromarkers to avoid a false diagnosis. It also shows the possibilities of art therapy in the process of rebuilding the creative abilities lost as a result of brain damage, and thus the rebuilding of one's individual, social and cultural Self. However, something that is also important for artists, selected works, especially the most characteristic and significant ones, are also achieving critical recognition. It even happens that they become a part of the world's cultural heritage, are displayed at various exhibitions and are even bought to be hung in the collections of galleries acrosss the world, like in the case of the artist presented in these paper.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2022, 20(1); 87-114
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interfejs mózg-komputer wykorzystujący sygnały EEG
Brain-Computer Interface based on EEG signals
Autorzy:
Marek, L.
Plechawska-Wójcik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/98060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Instytut Informatyki
Tematy:
Brain Computer Interfaces
BCI
SVEEP
CSP
EEG
Brain-Computer Interface
Opis:
Artykuł opisuje test aplikacji interfejs mózg-komputer z wykorzystaniem paradygmatu SSVEP. Przy realizacji projektu dokonano przeglądu dostępnych metod badania aktywności mózgu oraz wybrano odpowiednie urządzenie do akwizycji. Kolejne etapy działania interfejsu, czyli przetwarzanie oraz klasyfikacja, opracowano i zaprezentowano w środowisku OpenViBE. Ostatecznie, ocenę użyteczności i sprawności zaprezentowano na zaprojektowanej aplikacji.
The aim of the article is to test the brain-computer interface application using the SSVEP paradigm. During the realization of the project various methods of recording brain activity were tested, and the suitable acquisition device was chosen. Consecutive stages of the interface operation, which are data processing and classification, were presented in the OpenVibe environment. Finally, the usefulness and efficiency were estimated using a designed application.
Źródło:
Journal of Computer Sciences Institute; 2016, 2; 64-69
2544-0764
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Computer Sciences Institute
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interfejsy mózg-komputer – krótka historia
Autorzy:
Michnik, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowe Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Robotyki Medycznej
Tematy:
interfejs mózg-komputer
neuralink
mózg
brain-computer interface
brain
Opis:
Nie tak dawno temu, interfejsy mózg-komputer były jedynie domeną powieści science-fiction. Obecnie dla wielu osób niepełnosprawnych ruchowo, interfejsy mózg-komputer stają się powoli nadzieją na przywrócenie lub kompensacje utraconych funkcji. Niezależnie od branży medycznej, interfejsy mózg-komputer stanową również bardzo interesujący temat dla firm działających w branży rozrywkowej czy mediach społecznościowych. W artykule zostały przedstawione najpopularniejsze techniki odczytywania aktywności mózgu wykorzystywane w interfejsach mózg-komputer. Przedstawiono również przykłady najnowszych prac prowadzonych w tej dziedzinie.
Not so long ago, brain-computer interfaces were only the domain of science fiction novels. Currently, for many people with motor disabilities, brain-computer interfaces are slowly becoming a hope for restoring or compensating for lost functions. Regardless of the medical industry, brain-computer interfaces are also a very interesting topic for companies operating in the entertainment and social media industry. The article presents the most popular brain activity reading techniques used in brain computer interfaces. Examples of recent work in this field are also presented.
Źródło:
Medical Robotics Reports; 2022, 10/11; 58-67
2299-7407
Pojawia się w:
Medical Robotics Reports
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Age-related alteration of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in different parts of the brain.
Autorzy:
Strosznajder, Joanna
Jęśko, Henryk
Strosznajder, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
PARP
aging
brain
Opis:
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a conserved enzyme involved in the regulation of DNA repair and genome stability. The role of PARP during aging is not well known. In this study PARP activity was investigated in nuclear fractions from hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex of adult (4 months), old adult (14 months) and aged (24-27 months) rats. Concomitantly, the free radical evoked lipid peroxidation was estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The specific activity of PARP in adult brain was about 25, 21 and 16 pmol/mg protein per min in hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex, respectively. The enzyme activity was higher in all investigated parts of the brain of old adults. In aged animals PARP activity was lower in hippocampus by about 50%, and was unchanged in cerebral cortex and in cerebellum comparing to adult rats. The concentration of TBARS was the same in all parts of the brain and remained unchanged during aging. There is no direct correlation between PARP activity and free radical evoked lipid peroxidation during brain aging. The lowered enzyme activity in aged hippocampus may decrease DNA repair capacity which subsequently may be responsible for the higher vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to different toxic insults.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2000, 47, 2; 331-337
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of alcohol on neuroglia in the developing brain and in adults
Autorzy:
Krawczyk-Marć, Izabela
Galiniak, Sabina
Sęk-Mastej, Anna
Marć, Mateusz
Orkisz, Stanisław
Wawrzyniak, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/454917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
brain
alcohol
neuroglia
Opis:
Introduction. During puberty, the young body undergoes transformation not only within the reproductive and hormonal systems, but also significant changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Matured neural connections improve the integration of distant brain regions, the plasticity of neurons increases, and thus specialization of the brain occurs in the performance of specific tasks. During these transformations, both neurons and the accompanying neuroglia are sensitive to all toxic factors, among which ethanol occupies a special place. It causes an increase in the activity of glial cells, which by directing pro-inflammatory cytokines directly contribute to the death of apoptotic neurons. A long-lasting and irreversible impairment of brain function, especially in the hippocampus occurs as a result of alcohol abuse during the period of development. Aim. This paper presents an overview of current knowledge about the effects of alcohol on neuroglia in the developing brain and in adults. Materials and methods. The literature review of the following databases has been conducted: EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link. Conclusions. The results of alcohol research have shown that it affects the neurotransmission and fluidity of cell membranes, changing the activity of neurons. By binding to GABA receptor (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA receptor for glutamate), ethanol suppresses brain function. In addition to increased sensitivity and susceptibility to the addictive effects of ethanol, the neurogeneration activity is intensified followed by the induction and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in the first stage disrupt the cortical function hindering logical thinking and disrupting the limbic system, directly affecting the memory and learning processes. Next, the cerebellum is attacked, which results in the impairment of balance and motor coordination, and consequently acts on the brain stem, directly affecting the respiratory and circulatory control centers.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2018, 4; 335-340
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Memory Theory of Bergson and Brain Physiology -From Dualism to Monism-
Autorzy:
Nakatomi, Kiyokazu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
brain,
memory,
philosophy
Opis:
‘The brain is not a place to store memory’ is the famous thesis that was proposed in “Matter and Memory” chapter 2. From there, Bergson demonstrates that memory exists from the brain independently and the quality of memory is non-material and spiritual. According to Bergson, the brain is only an instrument of memory power and memory is spirit and reality that exist from the brain independently. He negated the theory of location of memory and argued the brain and memory from the whole theory of the brain. Well, what is the meaning of his memory and brain theory from the view point of contemporary brain physiology? Are his memory and brain theory fit for contemporary brain physiology? I want to conclude the confrontation between the theory of Bergson and contemporary brain physiology comparing the theories of Bergson and Wilder Penfield (1891-1979) who was the most famous brain surgeon in Canada. The conclusion is that dualism is amended to monism by the quantum theory, the idea of Biocosmological Association and my philosophy ‘Philosophy of Nothingness and Love’ and that the new road of physiology and medicine is opened.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2017, 4(27); 165-174
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SDS/PAGE characteristics of protein kinases tightly associated with chick embryo brain ribosomes
Autorzy:
Sanecka-Obacz, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044449.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
protein phosphorylation
chick brain development
ribosomal kinases
CK2
PKA
CK1
fetal brain
brain ribosomes
Opis:
Protein kinases tightly associated with chick embryo brain ribosomes washed with Triton X-100 and KCl were characterized by their ability to phosphorylate ribosomes and two exogenous substrates, histone IIA and casein. c-AMP-dependent kinase (PKA) and casein kinases (CK1, CK2) were examined in the presence of specific modulators by SDS/ PAGE followed by  renaturation in gel assay according to Kameshita & Fujisawa (Anal. Biochem. 1989, 183, 139-143). Basing on these data it can be presumed that PKA activity increases, but the levels of CK2 and CK1 decrease during chick embryo development.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 1999, 46, 4; 911-917
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Brain, mind and education – we have found the way, whether we are wandering along the wilderness?
Autorzy:
Bożena, Pawlak,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889138.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-02
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
brain
mind
education
neuroeducation
Opis:
In recentyears, we have witnessed an intensive development of many New areas of research and scientific research, to chich undoubtedly belong those referred to as neuroscience, thatis, focusing on the study of the human brain and nervous system. In my speech I would like to review opinions on possibile attempts to relate brain research results to school conditions as well as teaching and learning concepts. The following concepts will be analyzed: neurodidactics, neuropedagogy and neuroeducation. I will also present my proposition of under standing neuroeducation as anactivity focused on: 1) development of cognitive processes of learners and awareness of the existence of these processes; 2) education of learning process management, 3) getting to know and better understanding of the learning process through the prism of functioning: brain, mind and education. Neuroeducation understood in this way is, in my opinion, a chance for a new perspective of in sight into learning processes and, in the longer term, teaching. It can therefore be addressed to pupils and students, but also to teachers. The direction of neuroeducation thought outlined in the article, in my opinion, fits in with the thinking about constructivist variation, objectivist today (according to Dorota Klus-Stańska) paradigm of neurodidactics.
Źródło:
Człowiek - Niepełnosprawność - Społeczeństwo; 2020, 48(2); 59-68
1734-5537
Pojawia się w:
Człowiek - Niepełnosprawność - Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phenomenon of ageing – a process or a state
Autorzy:
Klusek, Jolanta
Klusek, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/472562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
ageing
cell
brain
hormones
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia; 2016, VI; 42-51
2083-7267
2450-3487
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Resting state EEG rhythm characteristics associated with readiness for divergent thinking
Cechy rytmu EEG w spoczynku związane z gotowością do myślenia rozbieżnego
Autorzy:
Kozachuk, N.
Kachynska, T.
Zhuravlyov, O.
Zhuravlyova, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
alpha rhythm
electroencephalogram
brain
Opis:
Background. Local synchronization of the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex at rest with eyes open in persons with different levels of divergent thinking were studied. Material and methods. 95 men and 98 women aged 18-21 with different levels of divergent thinking were studied. The power of the EEG at rest with eyes closed and open was analyzed. Results. There were established differences in the extent of the depression depth, as well as in the activation of the EEG alpha rhythm, which is related to gender and level of productivity. Women have a greater depth of alpha rhythm depression than men. In subjects with high and medium levels of divergent thinking, alpha-rhythm depression was of a generalized nature, and in subjects with low levels of divergent thinking – local and topographically non-specific. Conclusions. These results indicate that the EEG response of readiness to perceive stimuli, which provides either very high or very low productivity of divergent thinking, is manifested in the dynamics of the biopotential power in the EEG alpha range.
Źródło:
Health Problems of Civilization; 2021, 15, 3; 234-241
2353-6942
2354-0265
Pojawia się w:
Health Problems of Civilization
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metody terapeutyczne, wykorzystywane we wspomaganiu funkcjonowania poznawczego osób z udarem niedokrwiennym
Therapeutic Methods Used to Support Cognitive Functioning in People After an Ischemic Stroke
Autorzy:
Bączyk, Martyna
Jakoniuk-Diallo, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50421267.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
ischemic stroke
brain
ergotherapy
Opis:
An ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of human death and disability, especially among the elderly. However, the condition affects people of all ages. The article outlines the possible consequences of an ischemic stroke depending on the affected brain area. It describes examples of therapeutic activities carried out by special educators, psychologists and speech therapists aimed at restoring at least some of the cognitive and communication skills of people affected by the disease. Of particular interest was the role of ergotherapy.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2022, 64; 35-45
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From Brain Drain to Brain Exchange: How to Use Better Highly Skilled Workers. A Conceptual Approach
Od brain drain do brain exchange: jak lepiej zagospodarować wiedzę i umiejętności wysoko wykwalifikowanych pracowników
Autorzy:
David, Alexandra
Barwińska-Małajowicz, Anna
Coenen, Frans
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/454556.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polski Instytut Ekonomiczny
Tematy:
drenaż mózgów
migracja
kwalifikacje
pracownicy
brain drain
brain exchange
migration
skills
workers
Opis:
Sprostanie problemom, które wynikają z braku wykwalifikowanej siły roboczej, stanowić będzie w przyszłości istotne wyzwanie dla rozwoju regionalnego. Problem dotyczy w szczególności wysoko wykwalifikowanych pracowników, traktowanych jako nośniki wiedzy, których absencja może negatywnie wpływać na społeczno-gospodarczy rozwój regionalny. W powyższym kontekście uwzględnienie migracji osób wysoko wykwalifikowanych powinno stać się częścią regionalnej strategii przeciwdziałania zjawisku utraty wykwalifikowanej siły roboczej, przy czym w obliczu mobilności europejskiej na szczególną uwagę zasługuje problem transferu wiedzy. Swoboda przepływu zasobów pracy natrafia niejednokrotnie na przeszkody praktyczne, takie jak: brak dostępu do poszczególnych zawodów, regionalnych rynków pracy i społeczności regionalnych. Obok działań zmierzających do uznawania kwalifikacji zawodowych regiony powinny wypracować koncepcje, zmierzające do pełnego wykorzystania potencjału zawodowego migrantów i ich umiejętności, a następnie do całkowitego wchłonięcia ich wiedzy. W związku z powyższym głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu wiedzy posiadanej przez migrantów na rozwój regionów pochodzenia i regionów docelowych oraz prezentacja dwóch inicjatyw wspierających rozwój regionalny, tj. koncepcji inkluzji migrantów oraz zwiększania zdolności absorpcyjnej regionów. Są to instrumenty, które pozwolą na uniknięcie negatywnych konsekwencji zjawisk migracyjnych typu: brain drain i brain waste, a jednocześnie pozwolą na wykorzystanie wiedzy w wyniku brain gain i brain exchange. W końcowej części artykułu przedstawiono sieci migracyjne, postrzegane jako instrument służący zwiększaniu absorpcji wiedzy oraz wspierający integrację społeczną.
One of the key rights of each European citizen stated in the Lisbon Treaty is the freedom to move within Europe. Especially, in times of increasing intra- and inter-European labour mobility, this right should be the spotlight of regional, national and EU agenda. But in reality, the freedom of movement underlies practical obstacles such as an access to particular occupations and regional labour markets, which is bound to (a) the official recognition of professional qualifications, differing in each member state as well as (b) language skills. These and further factors hinder (1) labour migrants to make full use of their skill potential and (2) regions to completely absorb their knowledge. Thus, metaphorically speaking, the knowledge gets lost and wasted between the home and target emigration regions. Hence, this article aims at presenting knowledge effect on the home and target regions and discusses possible regional structures fostering inclusion and absorption capacity to avoid brain drain and brain waste, but empowers brain gain and brain exchange as positive knowledge effects. The final part presents regional actors' networks and inter-regional social networks (migration networks) as possible instruments to build regional structures for better regional social inclusion and knowledge absorption and as pipelines for knowledge spillover.
Źródło:
Unia Europejska.pl; 2012, 5; 25-35
2084-2694
Pojawia się w:
Unia Europejska.pl
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 440

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