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Wyszukujesz frazę "blight" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Incidence and harmfulness of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary) on potato stems.
Autorzy:
Kapsa, Józefa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198785.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
diseases
late blight
Phytophthora infestans
potato
localization of initial late blight infection
Opis:
Changes in the occurrence of the initial late blight symptoms have been noted in some regions of Poland. Observations of potato crops showed that occurrence of the primary infections and blight symptoms is sometimes on the stem rather than on the leaves. It was confirmed that in both cases, a cause of late blight was the same species Phytophthora infestans. Surveys of many potato crops done in 1997-1999, around Poland enabled assessment of the incidence of stem blight in Poland. In 1997 - 80.5%, 1998 - 65.2% and in 1999 – 72.4% of observed crops were primary affected with late blight on stems. Stem form of the disease appeared more often in the years with less rainfall in the period from June to July. The largest number of genotypes with initial blight symptoms on stems was observed among first early clones and cultivars. Glasshouse experiments confirmed the importance of stem lesions in decreasing yield and increasing tuber infection. Results confim that blighted tubers were the least probable source of the late blight appearing on stems.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2000, 44; 53-61
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foliar diseases of Pisum sativum L. in Poland.
Autorzy:
Marcinkowska, Joanna Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-06-23
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
ascochyta blight
disease intensity
peas
Opis:
Influence of weather conditions on downy mildew and Ascochyta blight development on 12 pea genotypes, cultivated in Central Poland was examined in 1990-2000. Plants were somewhat more infected by Peronospora viciae f.sp. pisi than by Ascochyta complex fungi. Standard cultivars were less infected than breeding lines. Two periods of higher (1990, 1991 and 1995-1997) and two of lower (1992-1994 and 1998-2000) disease intensity were noted during 11 years of testing.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2002, 46, 1; 49-54
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potential of endochitinase gene to control Fusarium wilt and early blight disease in transgenic potato lines
Autorzy:
Fatima, Neelam
Tabassum, B.
Yousaf, I.
Malik, M.
Khan, A.
Sajid, I.A.
Tariq, M.
Toufiq, N.
Riaz, S.
Nasir, I.A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
early blight disease
Fusarium
potato
Trichoderma
Opis:
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an important food crop in the world, is susceptible to many fungal pathogens including Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum causing Fusarium wilt and early blight diseases. Mycoparasitic fungi like Trichoderma encode chitinases, cell wall degrading enzymes, with high antifungal activity against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, a binary vector harboring endochitinase gene of ~1,000 bp was constructed and used to transform potato nodes through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Out of several primary transformants, two transgenic potato lines were verified for transgene insertion and integration by Southern blot. In a pot experiment for Fusarium resistance, the transgenic potato lines didn’t show any symptoms of disease, instead they remained healthy post infection. The transgenic potato lines exhibited 1.5 fold higher mRNA expression of endochitinase at 7 days as compared to 0 day post fungus inoculation. It was evident that the mRNA expression decreased over days of inoculation but was still higher than at 0 day and remained stable upto 30 days post inoculation. Similarly, for A. solani infection assay, the mRNA expression of the endochitinase gene was 3 fold higher 7 days post inoculation compared to expression at 0 day. Although the expression decreased by1.2 fold during subsequent days post infection, it remained stable for 30 days, suggesting that protection in transgenic potato plants against fungal pathogens was achieved through an increase in endochitinase transcript.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2019, 59, 3; 376-382
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The distribution and changes of Phytophthora infestans population in Latvia
Autorzy:
Bebre, Gunta
Skrabule, Ilze
Osa, Marija
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
control
late blight
potato
race
resistance
Opis:
Potato breeders and phytopathologists have been conducting the studies on Phytophthorainfestans (Mont.) de Bary at the Priekuli Plant Breeding Station since 1962. The varietal resistanceis very important in potato breeding programme. The trials in collaboration with the Institute ofPhytopathology of Soviet Union (Russia) were done in 1974-1990. The investigations were focusedon races of P. infestans. The changes of races were assessed using a trap method, according to theinvestigation programme, like in each of the republics of the Soviet Union.At the beginning of investigations (1960s and 1970s) races 1, 4 and 1.4 of P. infestans were thepredominant ones in Latvia, but in the 1980s complex races 4.10.11, 1.4.7.8.10.11, 1.3.4.7.8.10.11and 1.2.3.4.7.8.10.11 were more widely distributed.Different foreign varieties, mostly from the Netherlands, were introduced in Latvia in the 1970s.This resulted in a very rapid differentiation of late blight races. The enhanced aggressiveness of P.infestans isolates was due to an increasing number of races in population. The earlier appearance ofinfection in potato fields was recorded. The presence of a mating type A2 was stated in Latviansamples in 1987. Because all tested races had been recognized in a population, and the conception ofresistance breeding had been modified, the trials were stopped in 1990. The resistance based onspecific resistance genes was the main direction in the 1960s and 1970s. From the 1980s, impor-tance of the field resistance has greatly increased and this type of resistance is the most significantin the current breeding programme. The trials in organic field proved the acceptable level of fieldresistance to P. infestans of three medium late varieties: Sigunda (previous name Undine), Beteand Zile. These varieties have been bred at the Priekuli Plant Breeding Station and included intothe Latvian Plant Varieties Catalogue.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 43-49
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany w dostępności substancji aktywnych w fungicydach na zapobieganie uodparniania się ważniejszych patogenów ziemniaka
Changes in availability of active substances in fungicides in light of resistance prevention in major potato pathogens
Autorzy:
Sobczak, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-31
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
alternarioza
fungicydy
ochrona ziemniaka
odporność
substancje aktywne
zaraza
active substances
early blight
fungicides
late blight
potato protection
resistance
Opis:
W ochronie ziemniaka przed najgroźniejszymi patogenami: Phytophthora infestans i Alternaria spp. dostępnych jest obecnie łącznie 59 fungicydów, wśród których 58 ma zastosowanie w ochronie przed zarazą, a zakres stosowania 28 środków obejmuje ochronę przed alternariozą. Zarejestrowane środki zawierają 22 różne substancje aktywne, w obrębie których można wyróżnić substancje o wielu różnych mechanizmach działania. Liczba dostępnych substancji aktywnych porównując 2012 r. z 2001 r. znacząco się nie zmieniła. Część substancji i zawierających je środków ochrony roślin stosowanych przed przystąpieniem Polski do Unii Europejskiej została wycofana. Od tamtego czasu zarejestrowano również inne substancje, które nie były dotychczas zarejestrowane lub nie miały zastosowania w ochronie ziemniaka. Wśród dostępnych obecnie na rynku polskim substancji aktywnych część znajduje się w grupach wysokiego ryzyka wystąpienia odporności. Środki ochrony roślin zawierające substancje aktywne, które mogą stwarzać ryzyko powstania odporności zawierają zazwyczaj drugą substancję różniącą się mechanizmem działania, co stanowi ważny element strategii zapobiegania odporności. Asortyment dostępnych obecnie na rynku polskim substancji aktywnych i środków ochrony roślin często zawierających dwie różniące się działaniem substancje aktywne pozwala na prowadzenie ochrony ziemniaka w sposób ograniczający ryzyko uodparniania się patogenów, umożliwiając właściwy dobór i rotację fungicydów.
There are 59 fungicides available for potato protection against the most dangerous pathogens: Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria spp. altogether. 58 of them have application in protection against late blight. The ranges of use of 28 fungicides include protection against early blight. Plant protection products placed on the market contain 22 different active substances and lots of them have various modes of action. The number of active substances and plant protection products hasn’t changed a lot comparing year 2012 with 2001. Some of substances and plant protection products used before Poland’s accession to European Union were withdrawn. Some substances new in potato protection were registered after this time. Some of active substances available on the Polish market are in high resistance risk groups. Plant protection products containing active substances with a risk of resistance usually contain also other substance with different mode of action, what is an important element of resistance prevention strategy. The actual assortment of active substances and plant protection products placed on the Polish market, availability of products with two active substances with different modes of action allow to protect potato in a way that is limiting resistance risk, when the right choice and rotation of fungicides are applied.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin; 2012, 266; 251-260
0373-7837
2657-8913
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reliability of different parameters to estimate relative foliage blight resistance and its relation to maturity in potato
Autorzy:
Darsow, Ulrich
Hansen, Jens G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
breeding
foliage blight
methods
potato
Phytophthora infestans
resistance
Opis:
A comparative study of different parameters calculated for foliage resistance of potato to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary was conducted on the data for 27 cultivars and one prebreeding clone in field assessment in 2003 at BAZ Groß Lüsewitz. Relationships between the parameters and maturity were determined by linear regression. The strongest associations with maturity were found for the relative area under the disease progress curve (RAUDPC), delay of attack, and attack on a determined date (r2 = 0.47-0.52). The least association with maturity was found for foliage blight resistance at Groß Lüsewitz, FBRGL (r2 = 0.03), calculated by using a maturity-dependent section of the disease progress curve. The apparent infection rate (AIR), RAUDPC and delay of attack could only explain below 50% of variability of FBRGL. The method for calculation of foliage resistance in breeding developed at BAZ and named FBRGL is described in detail, and the usefulness of the different methods for evaluation of resistance, management of plant protection and breeding is discussed.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 81-93
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Response of pea genotypes to seed infection by Ascochyta blight fungi.
Autorzy:
Marcinkowska, Joanna
Boros, Lech
Wawer, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-06-21
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
Ascochyta blight
intensity
lines cultivars
occurrence
seeds reaction
Opis:
Seeds collected from 10 genotypes of Pisum sativum of both foliage type, inoculated in field by Mycosphaerella pinodes and Phoma pinodella, were evaluated for incidence of fungi responsible for ascochyta blight. Also seed germination and contamination by other fungi were considered. Surface sterilized seeds were plated on Coon agar medium. A sample contains 50 seeds. Data were taken after 8 days of incubation. Frequency of species occurrence depended not only on characters of genotypes, weather conditions during 1998-2001, but on inoculation treatment. Clear response between genotypes to tested factors was noted. Seeds of normal leaved line 344/87/3 and cv. Rubin were the most inhabited by all fungi, and germinated very poorly. Seeds of eight genotypes, including cvs: Kwestor, Agra, Miko, were less infected and better germinated...
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2009, 59; 75-86
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reakcja wzorców w testach odporności ziemniaka na Phytophthora infestans
Reaction of potato standards to Phytophthora infestans in resistance tests
Autorzy:
Sobkowiak, Sylwester
Zarzycka, Hanna
Lebecka, Renata
Zimnoch-Guzowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42623877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
wzorce odporności
zaraza ziemniaka
late blight
resistance standards
Opis:
W latach 2000–2004 oceniano reakcje odpornościowe odmian i rodów ziemniaka stanowiących wzorce do badania odporności materiałów hodowlanych na Phytophthora infestans — sprawcy zarazy ziemniaka. Stosowano wzorce używane od wielu lat oraz takie, które włączono do badań w 2004 roku. Odporność niektórych starszych wzorców uległa przełamaniu przez nowe rasy patogena. Wzorce takie powinny być zastąpione przez odmiany lub rody ziemniaka, reagujące stabilnie pod względem ekspresji odporności. W prezentowanej pracy oceniano stabilność ekspresji odporności wzorców na P. infestans w testach listkowych, plastrowych i bulwowych. Najbardziej stabilne w testach listkowych okazały się wrażliwa odmiana Irys, odporna odmiana Wawrzyn i ród DG 94-15. W testach plastrowych najbardziej stabilne były odmiany Irys i Bzura, a ród DG 94-15 jako wzorzec odporny okazał się średnio stabilny. W teście bulwowym największą stabilnością odznaczały się odmiany Sokół i Meduza, które reagowały jak odmiany średnio odporne. Odmiana Irys będąca wzorcem wrażliwości, w teście bulwowym reagowała bardzo stabilnie, ale na pograniczu odmian podatnych i średnio odpornych. Wysoką wartość współczynników korelacji obserwowano w testach listkowych i plastrowych między poszczególnymi latami oraz w testach plastrowych między poszczególnymi terminami testów. Wysoka stabilność porażenia wzorców w testach listkowych i plastrowych wskazuje na przydatność tych metod do oceny odporności ziemniaka na P. infestans. Zmienna reakcja wzorców w teście bulwowym wskazuje na konieczność analizy stabilności wzorców bądź dopracowanie metody oceny odporności bulw w tym teście. Z odmian stanowiących grupę standardów zalecanych przez projekt Eucablight, które oceniano w testach listkowych przez jeden rok, najmniejszą zmiennością charakteryzowały się odmiana Bintje jako wzorzec podatności i odmiany Escort i Robijn jako wzorce średnio odporne.
Resistance reaction to Phytophthora infestans of potato standards used for a long time and of those introduced lately were examined in laboratory tests in 2000–2004. The resistance of some older standards has been broken down by the new P. infestans races. These standards ought to be replaced by the new ones, showing stability in the expression of resistance. The level and stability of resistance expression was evaluated in tests performed on leaflets, tuber slices and in whole tubers. High values of correlation coefficients were observed among years for leaflet tests, and among dates for tuber slices tests. These results indicate that the both choice of tests and their realization were correct. Highly stable reaction of standards in both leaflet and tuber slices tests confirmed the proper use of methods applied to assess the resistance and a suitable choice of the standard. However, the whole tuber test was found to be less stable and it ought to be improved. In leaflet tests, the most stable expression of resistance was observed in a susceptible standard cv. Irys, resistant cv. Wawrzyn and clone DG 94-15. The resistance reaction in tuber slice tests was most stable in the susceptible standard cv. Irys and moderately resistant cv. Bzura, whereas it was medium stable in the resistant standard clone DG 94–15. In the whole tuber tests, the expressions of resistance was most stable in the standard cv. Irys, moderately resistant cvs Sokół and Meduza, and it was medium stable in the clone DG 94-15.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin; 2009, 251; 253-268
0373-7837
2657-8913
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reaction of winter triticale somaclonal lines to Fusarium spp. at the seedling stage
Autorzy:
Góral, T.
Arseniuk, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-06-23
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
Fusarium
resistance
seedling blight
somaclonal variation
triticale
Opis:
Response of 136 somaclonal lines obtained from 15 winter triticale genotypes (Bolero, Dagro, Grado, Lasko, Moniko, Presto, Ugo, GRH 32-1, KS-24, MAH 15668-1, MAH 15833-1/1, T/8, T/9, T/28, T/47), to Fusarium seedling blight was evaluated. Mixture of five Fusarium species was used for inoculation. Somaclonal lines varied widely in their resistance to Fusarium spp. scored by coleoptile and root infection, and reduction of length of shoot and roots, and seedling weight. Most of the somaclonal lines differed significantly from parental genotypes in at least one of the above parameters. It was found that resistant parental genotypes (e.g. Grado, KS-24) produced mainly more susceptible somaclonal lines and susceptible ones (e.g. Ugo, MAH 15833-1/1) gave rise mainly to more resistant lines. However, some resistant lines originated from resistant genotypes (e.g Presto) were found.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2005, 51; 67-75
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Field Evaluation of Potato Resistance Against Phytophthora Infestans Under Natural Infection Pressure
Autorzy:
Plich, Jarosław
Tatarowska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
field trials
late blight resistance
rAUDPC
method
Opis:
Although development of potato cultivars resistant to late blight has long been one of the primary goals of potato breeding programs, several different methods of field resistance evaluation have been used by potato breeders. Recently, within the EucaBlight network (www.euroblight.net), common methods of late blight evaluation have been agreed on, and these methods are currently highly recommended for use by all those interested in evaluating the resistance of the potato to late blight. Here, we describe a method of evaluating potato resistance in field conditions routinely used at Młochów Research Center, which is compliant with recommendations of the EucaBlight protocol.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2017, 76; 25-28
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta syringae) of lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.)
Askochytoza (Ascochyta syringae) lilaka (Syringa vulgaris L.)
Autorzy:
Kosiada, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11543327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Tematy:
fungi
pathogen
Ascochyta
blight
leaf blight symptom
Ascochyta syringae
lilac
Syringa vulgaris
plant disease
genetic variability
random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis
Opis:
Lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) is a popular ornamental woody plant grown for its very decorative flowers and large, dark-green leaves. The leaves remain on the shrubs for a long time. The fungus, Ascochyta syringae, is a pathogen which deteriorates the decorative value of the leaves. It causes brown irregular spots on leaves. In this study, 20 fungal isolates were tested in terms of their pathogenicity towards the leaves of S. vulgaris, and mycelium growth rate, while genetic variability was determined by RAPD-PCR. It was found that some isolates do not cause the formation of brown spots on leaves. Isolates differed considerably in terms of mycelium growth rate, ranging from 0.5 mm day⁻¹ (B96 at 30°C) to 8.8 mm day⁻¹ (B92a at 25°C). A positive dependence between mycelium growth and the capacity to cause leaf spots was observed. No close dependence was found between the genetic variability of isolates and the other examined traits of the isolates.
Lilak (Syringa vulgaris L.) należy do powszechnie uprawianych krzewów ozdobnych. Uprawiany jest ze względu na bardzo dekoracyjne kwiaty oraz duże ciemnozielone liście długo utrzymujące się na krzewach. Jednym z patogenów obniżających wartość dekoracyjną liści jest grzyb A. syringae. Powoduje on powstawanie na liściach brązowych nieregularnych plam. Przebadano 20 izolatów grzyba pod względem patogeniczności wobec liści S. vulgaris, szybkości wzrostu grzybni oraz określono zróżnicowanie genetyczne przy pomocy RAPD-PCR. Stwierdzono, że cześć izolatów w ogóle nie powoduje powstawanie brunatnych plam na liściach. Izolaty różniły się znacznie szybkością wzrostu grzybni: od 0,5 mm dzień⁻¹ (B96 w temp. 30°C) do 8,8 mm dzień⁻¹ (B92a w temp. 25°C). Zaobserwowano dodatnią zależność wzrostu grzybni ze zdolnością do wywoływania plam na liściach. Nie stwierdzono ścisłej zależności pomiędzy zmiennością genetyczną izolatów a pozostałymi badanymi cechami izolatów.
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus; 2016, 15, 4; 27-34
1644-0692
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genetic parameters studies on bacterial blight resistance genes introgressed segregating population in Rice
Autorzy:
Govintharaj, Ponnaiah
Tannidi, Shalini
Manonmani, Swaminathan
Robin, Sabariappan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Genetic parameters
Rice bacterial blight
Rice blast
Yield components
Opis:
An exploratory research was conducted to know genetic parameters and agronomical performance of three bacterial blight resistance genes introgressed segregating population of CB 174 R × IRBB 60, CB 87 R × IRBB 60 and TNAU CMS 2B × IRBB 60 in rice. Higher range of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation (GCV and PCV) was found in CB 87 R × IRBB 60 for the trait of number of grains and leads to develop/selection superior genotypes significantly. For single plant yield, CB 174 R × IRBB 60 cross showed high heritability (83.89%) and (27.45%) genetic advance (%) suggesting that traits were primarily controlled by additive gene action and thus, leads to easy selection. Whereas, estimate of moderate heritability (56.09%) with high genetic advance (24.66%) was found in the cross of CB 87 R × IRBB 60 indicating that postponement of selection and for the cross of TNAU CMS 2B × IRBB 60 showed higher heritability with moderate level of genetic advance (67.36% and 11.84%), revealed that single plant yield was preponderantly governed by both additive and non-additive gene effects and selection may be rewarded.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 59; 85-96
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Increasing the efficiency of potato breeding through marker assisted selection - general thoughts. Molecular markers for late blight resistance - when applied for breeders?
Autorzy:
Trognitz, Bodo R.
Trognitz, Friederike Ch.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
marker assisted selection
potato breeding
potato late blight resistance
Opis:
Despite many breathtaking breakthroughs in the area of crop genetics and genomics, plant breeding still widely depends on the methods that had been worked out almost a century ago. This is not because commercial plant breeders are overly conservative but because the new knowledge lacks efficient and economical tools that would permit their application in practice. Breeders desire supporting technologies that would facilitate laborious and time-consuming screening in the field and laboratory. In particular, resistance screening often cannot be performed satisfactorily as the necessary disease pressure and appropriate pathogen populations may be unavailable. In potato breeding, specific and often complex resistances need to be developed, at the same time maintaining high levels of quality and culinary characteristics. Therefore, it is worthwhile to revisit the facts that comprise the progress in genetics of disease resistance and to analyze current technologies of genotyping and marker assisted selection, with the objective to detect those parameters that limit the efficiency of methods for commercial application. Selection in potato for resistance to late blight will be highlighted as an example. Maps, genes and markers for resistance have been identified – how universal are they? Single genes and quantitative trait loci for race-specific and race non-specific resistance are known – how efficient is their use? Marker technologies based on polymerase chain reaction and DNA hybridization have been developed that are far more efficient than first-generation technologies – is their use in commercial breeding economical? By discussing these issues concepts will emerge that help to pave the way for marker assisted selection (MAS) in potato breeding. The most important parameters required for economical MAS include to have a clear idea of the traits to be selected for, to use proven, reliable markers, to have in place a robust system for the collection and management of DNA samples, and to use technologies whose total cost is below or equal to the cost of the conventional methods. The most striking advantages of MAS are that a breeder will obtain more information than by conventional methodology, the information will be more precise, field labour can be saved and in that way the breeding process will be intensified. The implementation of the new technology could lead to even closer collaboration of breeders and scientists. Possible disadvantages include the relative increase of laboratory and computer work within the breeding program, and possibly higher costs during the implementation phase of the new technology.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 95-105
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Resistance of Phytophthora infestans in three Solanum nigrum F3 families
Autorzy:
Śliwka, Jadwiga
Tomczyńska, Iga
Chmielarz, Marcin
Stefańczyk, Emil
Lebecka, Renata
Zimnoch-Guzowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199665.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-08-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
black nightshade
inheritance
late blight
potato
Solanum tuberosum
virulence
Opis:
Solanum nigrum is a self-pollinating, hexaploid weed and one of a few Solanaceae species native to Europe. It used to be described as a non-host  for Phytophthora infestans. However, now it is known that, like its distant relatives: potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), S. nigrum can suffer from potato late blight caused by this pathogen. Both susceptible and resistant S. nigrum genotypes  have been previously identified and inheritance of resistance originating from one accession has been described based on population of F2 plants and 15 F3 lines. The goal of this study was to evaluate resistance of three families of F3 lines, originating from crosses between  a susceptible and three different  resistant  S. nigrum accessions  followed  by two self-pollinations.  Parental  acces- sions were tested for the spectrum of late blight resistance against 48 P. infestans isolates. The three families consisted of 106, 96 and 115 F3 lines, respectively, and from each line 20 plants were tested for resistance to P. infestans. Laboratory  detached leaf assays were  performed in two dates and two replications  of three leaves  each.  Segregation  of the trait  within the line  allowed  us  to distinguish hetero- and homozygous lines. In one F3 family, the ratio of resistant homozygotes: heterozygotes: susceptible  homozygotes  was 1:2:1, indicating  that  a single  gene is  most likely  underlying  the late blight resistance in this case. In the other two, observed segregations of the trait significantly deviated from this model suggesting more complex inheritance patterns.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2012, 66; 63-73
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Populations of Phytophthora infestans in the Slovak Republic in 1996-2003
Autorzy:
Forišeková, Kvetoslava
Heldák, Ján
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
late blight
mating type
metalaxyl
Phytophthora infestans
race
Opis:
The effective management of protection against Phytophthora infestans must be established on the perfect knowledge of the pathogen. From a practical point of view this means identification of races and mating types as well as the pathotypes resistant to systemic compounds of fungicides. The main goal of our project was to characterize populations of late blight, especially in the most important area of seed potato production. Recognition of races and mating types and evaluation of resistance to metalaxyl of the isolates in potato-growing area were performed in laboratory tests. Isolates of late blight for laboratory tests were collected in commercial and research potato crops in the regions of Poprad and Kežmarok. The first occurrence of metalaxyl-resistant strains was noticed in 1999, and the greatest incidence was recorded in 2000. In the following years a significant decrease was observed. This was due, among others, to omitting fenylamide fungicides in crop protection in our region. The occurrence of isolates virulent to potato with R2, R5, R9 and R11 genes was noted neither in 1996 nor in 1997, and tested isolates had maximum six virulence factors. Since 1999, the occurrence of isolates with seven, eight or even ten virulence factors has been recorded. Presence of A2 mating type was not confirmed in our area until 2002. In 2003, more A2 than A1 isolates were found. It is likely that problems concerning the ability of oospores to survive in soil as well as sexual reproduction of the pathogen may appear also in our potato-growing area.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 51-55
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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