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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Biological synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle from Cynodon dactylon
    Autorzy:
    Renitta, R. E.
    Jebaseeli, T. J.
    Dhanaraj, A.
    Paul, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201037.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
    Tematy:
    nanoparticle
    Cynodon dactylon
    FTIR
    SEM
    XRD
    titanium dioxide
    biological synthesis
    nanocząstka
    Cynodon palczasty
    spektroskopia w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera
    skaningowa mikroskopia elektronowa
    dyfrakcja rentgenowska
    dwutlenek tytanu
    biosynteza
    Opis:
    Purpose: There are several advantages of using a biological technique to produce nanoparticles versus a chemical method. The primary goal of this work is to characterize and biologically synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles from Cynodon dactylon. The characterization has experimented with UV-Vis Spectroscopy, EDX analysis, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Design/methodology/approach: The suggested study uses a simple biological technique to accomplish the systematic biological synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extract and titanium tetra isopropoxide as a precursor. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are used to confirm the fabrication of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The plant extract as well as titanium-based nanoparticles of the herb, Cynodon dactylon will be tested for its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. This eco-friendly technique for nanoparticle synthesis is straightforward and adaptable to major commercial manufacturing and technological applications. Findings: Cynodon dactylon biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles is efficient, nutrition dependent, does not employ hazardous compounds, and happens at neutral pH levels. The antibacterial study results show that TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized using Cynodon dactylon have good antibacterial properties. TiO2 nanoparticle method of action against bacteria is unknown. This is an alternative process for synthesising TiO2 nanoparticles, apart from other chemical protocols, since this is quick and non-toxic. The antimicrobial property of biologically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii was tested at four different doses of 15 μl/mg, 25 μl/mg, 50 μl/mg, and 75 μl/mg. The present results revealed the 75 μl/mg concentration got the highest zone of inhibition (15, 13, 15 mm) for Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Research limitations/implications: Many nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm are firmly agglomerated with each other in the study. TiO2 nanoparticles absorb in the UV region of 200 to 400 nm. XRD measurements confirmed the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the biologically produced sample. In our work, EDX was used to confirm the existence of Ti after its synthesis by Cynodon dactylon. Practical implications: The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extracts exhibit a good potent antibacterial activity. The proposed results showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles are well suited for biomedical applications. Originality/value: The suggested research identifies several eco-friendly, biological, and cost-effective procedures for manufacturing nano-coated herbal products. The agar well diffusion technique was used to assess antibacterial activities toward test pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering; 2022, 113, 1; 31--41
    1734-8412
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Syntezy i aktywność biologiczna wybranych zasad Mannicha
    Synthesis and biological activity of selected Mannich bases
    Autorzy:
    Nawrocka, W. P.
    Nowicka, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172259.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    zasada Mannicha
    aktywność biologiczna
    syntezy
    Mannich bases
    biological activity
    synthesis
    Opis:
    The Mannich reaction is important for the synthesis and modification of biologically active compounds. Mannich bases – substituted products containing different heterocyclic system in their structures seem to be suitable candidates for further chemical modifications and might be of interest as pharmacologically active compounds. The main goal of this article is to present synthesis and biological activity of selected Mannich bases. Based on a review of the chemical literature, Mannich bases showed a multipharmacological effects. The Mannich bases, containing various heterocyclic systems were identified as potent anticancer agents. Presented compounds exhibit cytotoxic, antiproliferate in vitro, anticonvulsant, antioxidative, antiinflaminatory and analgesic activity. Some of them can be used in a treatment of diabetes and hypertension.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 11-12; 981-1008
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aktywność biologiczna i metody syntezy sulfonamidów (przegląd literaturowy)
    Biological activity and synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives: a brief review
    Autorzy:
    Kołaczek, A.
    Fusiarz, I
    Ławecka, J
    Branowska, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/142901.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
    Tematy:
    sulfonamidy
    aktywność biologiczna
    synteza sulfonamidów
    sulfonamide
    biological activity
    synthesis of sulfonamides
    Opis:
    Sulfonamidy (SO2-NH-) są lekami powszechnie stosowanymi ze względu na ich trwałość i tolerancję przez organizm człowieka. Stanowią dobrą grupę zabezpieczającą amin czyniąc je związkami aktywnymi biologicznie. Aktywność ta jest wynikiem obecności różnych grup funkcyjnych. Szerokie zastosowanie sulfonamidów stało się przyczyną poszukiwania nowych metod ich syntezy. Artykuł przedstawia krótki przegląd literaturowy najbardziej popularnych i nowoczesnych metod syntezy pochodnych sulfonamidowych.
    Sulfonamides (SO2-NH-) have been the center of the drug structures as they are quite stable and well tolerated in human beings. The sulfonamides are very important protected intermediates of amines with several types of biological activities. Activity of the sulfonamides is due to different functional groups present in them. Due to the broad applicability of sulfonamides, it is desirable to find general and effective methods for their synthesis. Different methods have been adopted to synthesize sulfonamides. Here is a short review which provides several of the most common and recent methods of sulfonamide synthesis.
    Źródło:
    Chemik; 2014, 68, 7; 620-628
    0009-2886
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemik
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Peptydoglikan : budowa, rola biologiczna oraz synteza
    Peptidoglycan : structure, biological activity and chemical synthesis
    Autorzy:
    Samaszko-Fiertek, J.
    Dmochowska, B.
    Madaj, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171802.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    peptydoglikan
    synteza chemiczna
    biosynteza
    aktywność biologiczna
    peptidoglycan
    chemical synthesis
    biosynthesis
    biological activity
    Opis:
    The most important component of bacterial cell walls especially Gram-positive bacteria is peptidoglycan, called also murein, PGN. The first time this synonym was used in 1964 by Weidel and Pelzer [1]. Peptidoglycan is present in the outer layer of the cytoplasmic membrane and its structure. The structure of peptidoglycan depends on the bacteria strain. It is estimated that in Gram-negative bacteria, it occupies only about 10–20% of the total area of the cell wall, when in Gram-positive bacteria it is 50 and up to 90% of all space. Problems with isolation with high purity of biological material shows the need for developing techniques for chemical synthesis of peptidoglycan fragments and their analogs. In past few years there has been a growing interest within the synthesis of compounds glycoprotein (glycopeptides, peptidoglycan, etc.). As a basis for the construction of cell walls of many bacteria. Despite intensive research and gain significant knowledge of the physical and biological, chemical synthesis or biosynthesis (Fig. 5 and 6) of peptidoglycan, not so far failed to unambiguously determine its three-dimensional structure. The works of Kelman and Rogers [15] and Dimitriev [20] nearer picture of its structure. However, the time to develop in vivo visualization of cell structure it will be difficult to identify correctly peptidoglycan three-dimensional structure. Due to the important biological roles of murein, many research centers have taken to attempt their chemical synthesis. For biological research began to use chemically synthesized peptidoglycan fragments which guaranteed both uniform and a certain structure. An important roles in the development of methods of chemical synthesis of peptidoglycan had H. Chowdhury work, Fig. 8 [35], Hesek, Fig. 9 and 10 [36, 37], Dziarskiego [38] and Boneca [39] and Inamury [34, 40].
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2015, 69, 7-8; 513-540
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synteza i aktywność biologiczna pochodnych 2,6-naftyrydyny
    Synthesis and biological activity of 2,6-nap hthyridine derivatives
    Autorzy:
    Wójcicka, A.
    Wagner, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172545.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    pochodne 2,6-naftyrydyny
    synteza
    aktywność biologiczna
    2,6-naphthyridine derivatives
    synthesis
    biological activity
    Opis:
    2,6-Naphthyridine is one of the six structural isomers of pyridopyridines. This review presents most of the literature data about natural and synthetic 2,6-naphthyridine derivatives and their biological activity. The main goal of this paper is to present various methods for the preparation of 2,6-naphthyridine analogues. Compounds containing 2,6-naphthyridine moiety can be synthesized from different substrates. Most of them have been obtained by cyclocondensation of various pyridine derivatives. During the past twenty years the biological activity of 2,6-naphthyridines have been studied. Presented compounds exhibit anticancer [21, 41], antihypertension [10], and antidepression [25] activity. Some of them can be used in the treatment of heart diseases [22], appetite disturbance, and obsessive states [43, 44]. 2,6-Naphthyridine derivatives with different molecular targets, e.g. topoisomerase [41], SERT [27], and protein kinases [21, 22] inhibitors have also been reported. Many of the 2,6-naphthyridine analogues are histamine H3 [27] and serotonine 5-HT2 [42–44] receptor antagonists.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2012, 66, 3-4; 297-318
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zasady Schiffa : wybrane syntezy, reakcje i aktywność biologiczna
    Schiff bases : selected syntheses, reactions and biological activity
    Autorzy:
    Nowicka, A.
    Liszkiewicz, H.
    Nawrocka, W. P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172082.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    zasada Schiffa
    iminy
    aktywność biologiczna
    synteza
    struktura
    Schiff bases
    imines
    biological activity
    synthesis
    structure
    Opis:
    Schiff bases are compounds with a functional group that contains a carbon- -nitrogen double bond with the nitrogen atom connected to an aryl or alkyl group. Schiff bases are condensation products of primary amines with carbonyl compound. Several studies showed that the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of the azomethine determine biological and chemical properties of imines. Schiff bases are generally excellent chelating agents, because of the special properties of C=N bond. Their metal complexes have been widely studied because they possess anticancer in vitro and herbicidal applications. Imines also have biological importance. Schiff bases are common enzymatic intermediates where an amine reacts with an aldehyde or ketone of a cofactor or a substrate. Imines have been reported for their biological properties such as antibacterial (E. coli, S. aureus), antifungal (C. albicans) activities. A large number of different Schiff bases are active against a wide range of protozoan (T. gypseum, P. viticola).
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 3-4; 187-209
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synteza analogów adenozyny
    Synthesis of adenosine analogues
    Autorzy:
    Samsel, M.
    Dzierzbicka, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172542.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    adenozyna
    receptory dla adenozyny
    analogi adenozyny
    aktywność biologiczna
    adenosine
    adenosine receptors
    synthesis
    adenosine analogues
    biological activity
    Opis:
    Adenosine (Rys. 1) is a purine nucleoside playing an important role in human body. It is involved in key pathways such as purinergic nucleic acid base synthesis, amino acid metabolism and modulation of cellular metabolic status [1,2]. Adenosine acts through the four types of adenosine receptors: A1, A2A, A2B and A3 belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor family [3]. In physiological conditions this nucleoside is present in a micromolar range [5]. However, when metabolic stress occurs extracellular level of adenosine raises revealing its protective properties. Depending on an activated receptor subtype, adenosine demonstrates cardioprotective and neuroprotective activity during hypoxia or ischemia, it stimulates the immunological system [6, 7]. Besides many potential applications, adenosine is used mainly for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Limitations are linked to a very short blood half-time and no receptor specificity [8]. This review is focused on novel literature data about synthesis of adenosine analogues with interesting biological activities. In order to influence adenosine receptor selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties a nucleoside structure can be modified in purine [14, 15, 17, 22, 26, 27, 35] or sugar ring [29, 32]. New interesting compounds are also synthesized by cyclisation of adenosine [36]. Modification of adenosine structure allowed obtaining compounds with targeted action: antiarrhythmic [11, 12], antinociceptive [9], antilipolytic [13], antiviral [29] or anticancer [35].
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2012, 66, 3-4; 321-340
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aktywność biologiczna pochodnych tiazolo[4,5-d]pirymidyny
    Biological activity of thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives
    Autorzy:
    Becan, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171536.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    pochodne tiazolo[4,5-d]pirymidyny synteza
    aktywność biologiczna
    thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives synthesis
    biological activity
    Opis:
    Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine is one of the six structural isomers of the bicyclic ring system containing thiazole moiety fused with the pyrimidine. There are six structural isomers depending on the position of the nitrogen atoms. The isomer [4,5-d] does not contain the bridge-head nitrogen and can be considered as 7-thio analogue of the natural purine bases such as guanine and adenine. Due to the great of their biological potential the newly synthesized compounds are evaluated for various pharmacological activities. This review presents numerous thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives reported for their interesting biological activity including antibacterial [2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 19], antifungal [2–6, 9, 10], antiviral [11–13], analgesic [18, 19], antidepressant [17] and anticancer properties [23–26]. Some urea and thiourea derivatives exhibited significant antiparkinsonian activity [14–16]. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promotes an inflammatory response, which in turn causes many of the clinical problems associated with autoimmune disorders. Ethyl 4-(2-amino-5,7-dioxo-3,4,5,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin- 6(2H)-yl)butanoate derivatives 29 (Fig. 24) as a TNFα inhibitors have a potential use in the treatment of diseases such as refractory asthma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, and other [21]. Blocade of the CXCR2 receptor by thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2(3H)-ones also represents an attractive strategy for treatment of inflammatory diseases [20]. Recently there have been developed CX3CR1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of multiple sclerosis [22]. Isatoribine, 5-amino-3-β-D-ribofuranosyl-3H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-one (20) (Fig. 15) is a small molecule toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and an activator of innate immunity. Its orally bioavailable analogue ANA 975 (Fig. 16) has been reported for probable use in treating disease states associated with abnormal cell growth, such as cancer and has anti HCV activity [13]. Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines inhibit the growth of the weeds which implies that they have a potential as herbicides [27].
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2013, 67, 11-12; 1051-1074
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Syntezy wybranych, nowych pochodnych 2-amino-1H-benzimidazolu i ich mechanizmy działania biologicznego
    Synthesis of Selected, New 2-amino-1H-benzimidazole derivatives and Their mechanism of biological activity
    Autorzy:
    Nowicka, A.
    Nawrocka, W. P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172102.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    pochodne 2-amino-1H-benzimidazolu
    syntezy
    aktywność biologiczna
    2-amino-1H-benzimidazole derivatives
    synthesis
    biological activity
    Opis:
    Many 2-amino-1H-benzimidazole drugs such as antihistaminic mizolastine and norastemizole or antiparasitic mebendazole, albendazole and thiabendazole have been used in clinic [1, 2]. Benomyl and its metabolite Carbendazim are both antifungal and anticancer drugs [4]. Recently, a lot of literature has revealed that 2-amino-1H-benzimidazole derivatives could effectively inhibit the growth of various microorganisms, what suggests that 2-aminobenzimidazole compounds should have large potential as a new type of antibacterial [15] and antifungal [18] agents. A number of 2-aminobenzimidazoles have exhibited antiproliferative in vitro properties [11]. Some new compounds, containing in theirs structures 2-aminobenzimidazole, show interesting and diverse cytotoxic mechanism of action, e.g. induce apoptosis of cancer cells [13]. Some of 2-aminobenzimidazole analogues are histamine and serotonin receptors antagonists [32]. 2-Aminobenzimidazoles derivatives have been frequently found to display a variety of biological activities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticoagulant [32] properties.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2013, 67, 3-4; 203-225
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synteza i aktywność biologiczna pochodnych pirolo [3,4-c]pirydyny
    Synthesis and biological activity of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives
    Autorzy:
    Wójcicka, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172668.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    pochodne pirolo[3,4-c]pirydyny
    synteza
    aktywność biologiczna
    pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives
    synthesis
    biological activity
    Opis:
    Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine is one of the six structural isomers of the bicyclic ring system containing pyrrole moiety condensed with a pyridine nucleus. This review presents most of the literature data about synthetic pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives and their biological activity. S. Gabriel and J. Colman [4] discovered this isomer for the first time and named it “merimine” [Fig. 3]. The main goal of this study is the presentation of various methods for the preparation of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives. Compounds containing the pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine scaffold can be synthesized from different substrates, but the syntheses may be classified into two main categories: annulation of pyrrole ring onto pyridine derivatives or annulation of pyridine ring onto pyrrole derivatives. Biological investigations have shown that pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives have a wide spectrum of actions. Most of them have been studied as analgesic and sedative agents [35–40]. Antitumor [19, 42, 45], antiviral [27], antituberculostatic [43] activities have been found. Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives can also be used in the treatment of nervous [20, 41] and immune [19, 42] system diseases.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2013, 67, 3-4; 251-276
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synteza i aktywność biologiczna pochodnych pirolo[2,3-d]pirydazyny
    Synthesis and biological activity of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazine derivatives
    Autorzy:
    Redzicka, A.
    Tylińska, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171583.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    pochodne pirolo[2,3-d]pirydazyny
    aktywność biologiczna
    synteza
    pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazine derivatives
    biological activity
    synthesis
    Opis:
    Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazines are one of the four structural isomers of the bicyclic ring system containing pyrrole moiety condensed with a pyridazine ring. This review presents most of the literature data about synthetic pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazine derivatives and their biological activity. These 5,6-diazaindole analogues were first synthesized by Fischer et. al. in 1928. Compounds containing the pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyridazine scaffold can be synthesized from different substrates, but the syntheses may be classified into two main categories: annulation of pyrrole ring on to pyridazine derivatives or annulation of pyridazine ring on to pyrrole derivatives. Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazine derivatives have attracted considerable interest, owing to diverse biological activities. Most of them have been studied as antitumor and antiviral. Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazines can also be used as acid pump antagonist.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2016, 70, 3-4; 141-161
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ewolucyjna Teleonomia jako zasada unifikująca Rozszerzonej Syntezy Ewolucyjnej
    Evolutionary Teleonomy as a Unifying Principle for the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis
    Autorzy:
    Bartlett, Jonathan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553395.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Filozofii
    Tematy:
    Ewolucyjna Teleonomia
    Nowoczesna Synteza
    Rozszerzona Synteza Ewolucyjna
    zasada unifikująca
    teoria ewolucji
    teleologia
    rozumowanie w biologii
    Evolutionary Teleonomy
    Modern Synthesis
    Extended Evolutionary Synthesis
    unifying principle
    evolutionary theory
    teleology
    biological reasoning
    Opis:
    Wielu ludzi nie docenia wpływu wywieranego przez zasady unifikujące na badania biologiczne. Zasady te mają dostarczać upraszczających założeń w przypadku złożonych problemów, dzięki czemu można te problemy skutecznie rozwiązywać przy użyciu dostępnych narzędzi. Błędne założenia upraszczające mogą jednak prowadzić do nieprawidłowego opisu problemów, a więc i do bezpodstawnych wniosków. Zasady unifikujące Nowoczesnej Syntezy biologii ewolucyjnej są obecnie podważane przez Rozszerzoną Syntezę Ewolucyjną. Ta ostatnia, jak dotąd, nie zapewniła jednak własnych zasad unifikujących, przez co wielu naukowców wątpi, czy rzeczywiście stanowi ona oryginalną syntezę biologii ewolucyjnej. W niniejszym artykule za zasadę unifikującą Rozszerzonej Syntezy Ewolucyjnej uznaję koncepcję ewolucyjnej teleonomii (jest to koncepcja Ernsta Mayra zastosowana do samych procesów ewolucyjnych). Dostarczę ponadto konkretnych przykładów pokazujących, że współczesne badania, biorąc za podstawę zasady unifikujące Nowoczesnej Syntezy, prowadzą w ślepą uliczkę. Można temu zaradzić dzięki przyjęciu Rozszerzonej Syntezy Ewolucyjnej wraz z ewolucyjną teleonomią jako zasadą unifikującą.
    Many people underestimate the effect that unifying principles have on the study of biology. Unifying principles are used to provide simplifying assumptions to complex problems, which allow them to be effectively tackled by the tools at hand. However, erroneous unifying principles will generate simplifying assumptions that lead towards mischaracterizations of problems which inevitably lead to invalid conclusions. The unifying principles of the current Modern Synthesis of evolution are presently being challenged by the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis. However, the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis has so far failed to provide unifying principles of its own, which has caused many to question whether or not the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis is indeed a unique synthesis of evolutionary biology. Here, the concept of evolutionary teleonomy (Ernst Mayr’s concept of teleonomy applied to evolutionary processes themselves) is identified as a unifying principle of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis. Additionally, specific examples are provided where modern research has been led astray by the unifying principles of the Modern Synthesis which would have been corrected by applying the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis with the unifying principle of evolutionary teleonomy.
    Źródło:
    Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy; 2018, 15; 441-460
    2299-0356
    Pojawia się w:
    Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Syntezy, struktury i aktywność biologiczna pochodnych imidazo[4,5-b] pirydyny. Część 1
    Synthesis, structures and biological activity of imidazo [4,5-b]pyridine derivatives. Part 1
    Autorzy:
    Liszkiewicz, H.
    Nowicka, A.
    Nawrocka, W. P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171672.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    pochodne imidazo[4,5-b]pirydyny
    aktywność biologiczna
    synteza
    struktura
    imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives
    biological activity
    synthesis
    structure
    Opis:
    This review presents most of the literature data about imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives and their biological activity. The main goal of this paper is to present various methods for the preparation of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine analogues. There are some drugs, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives, registered in the world, which exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. Noberastine [4] represent antihistaminic II generation drug with selective activity to H1 receptors. Tenatoprazole [5] is a novel proton pump inhibitor with a prolonged plasma half-life which possesses antiulcer activity. Sulmazole [3] is a new cardiotonic agent, an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist. Based on the review of the chemical literature, derivatives of imidazole[4,5-b] pyridine showed a multipharmacological effects. Presented compounds exhibit anticancer [14, 17, 19], antidepressant [44, 45], cardiotonic, anticoagulant [37] activities. Some of them can be used in the treatment of heart diseases [3]. There were also described derivatives of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine with the potential use in the treatment of diabetes [48], hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Some chemical compounds which contain in their structure the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine system inhibit neurodegeneration [34, 38] and can be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders eg. Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis. In addition, some of the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine possess antivirial [40–42], antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2012, 66, 11-12; 1071-1095
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Syntezy, struktury i aktywność biologiczna pochodnych imidazo[4,5-b] pirydyny. Część II
    Synthesis, structures and biological activity of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives. Part 2
    Autorzy:
    Liszkiewicz, H.
    Nowicka, A.
    Nawrocka, W. P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171764.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    pochodne imidazo[4,5-b]pirydyny
    aktywność biologiczna
    syntezy
    struktury
    imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives
    biological activity
    synthesis
    structures
    Opis:
    The main goal of this article is to present selected syntheses, structures and a various biological activity of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives. During the past 20 years the biological activity of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine have been intensively studied. Based on the review of the chemical literature, it was shown that derivatives of imidazole[4,5-b]pyridine showed a multipharmacological effects such as antibacterial effect [20–22] and antituberculotic activity [25–33], nonsteroidal antiinflammatory activity [35–43] and analgesic [44, 45] effect. Among compounds of this class antagonists of angiotensin II receptors that exhibit hypotensive activity are also known [9–11]. Compounds containing imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine moiety can be synthesized from different substrates. The most useful starting compounds for the synthesis of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine are derivatives of 2,3-diaminopyridine [1–3].
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2013, 67, 3-4; 227-250
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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