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Tytuł:
Alternative maritime satellite solutions for enhanced GMDSS network
Autorzy:
Ilcev, D. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
International Maritime Organization
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
Maritime Global Ship Tracking
Maritime GNSS Augmentation Satellite Data Link
Satellite Data Link
Integrated Radio-Automatic Identification System
International Mobile Satellite Organization
Opis:
In this paper are introduced alternative architectures for the novel development of the enhanced Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) satellite communication network and equipment within the Gostationary Erath Orbits (GEO and Non-GEO satellite constellations. Since its founding in 1959, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and its member states, in close co-operation with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and other international organizations, notably the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), the International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) and Cospas-Sarsat partners, have striven to improve maritime distress and safety radio and satellite communications, as well as general communications for operational and personal purposes. This paper also reviews the principal concept of the GMDSS network, an overview of existing LRIT and maritime Integrated Radio-Automatic Identification System (R-AIS) and Satellite-AIS (S-AIS) networks. In addition, new proposed by author networks of the Satellite Data Link (SDL), Maritime GNSS Augmentation Satellite Data Link (GASDL), Maritime Global Ship Tracking (GST), and Maritime Satellite Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (SADS-B) are also described in this paper.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 2; 267--272
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of precise point positioning algorithm to support advanced driver assistant functions for inland vessel navigation
Autorzy:
Lass, C.
Ziebold, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063986.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
real tme kinematic
Global Navigation Satellite Systems
state space representation
VHF Data Exchange System
precise point positioning
navigation and timing
Automatic Identification System
inland navigation
Opis:
Bridge passing and passing waterway locks are two of the most challenging phases for inland vessel navigation. In order to be able to automate these critical phases very precise and reliable position, navigation and timing (PNT) information are required. Here, the application of code-based positioning using signals of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is not sufficient anymore and phase-based positioning needs to be applied. Due to the larger coverage area and the reduction of the amount of correction data Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has significant advantages compared to the established Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning. PPP is seen as the key enabler for highly automatic driving for both road and inland waterway transport. This paper gives an overview of the current status of the developments of the PPP algorithm, which should finally be applied in advanced driver assistant functions. For the final application State Space Representation (SSR) correction data from SAPOS (Satellitenpositionierungsdienst der deutschen Landesvermessung) will be used, which will be transmitted over VDES (VHF Data Exchange System), the next generation AIS.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 781--789
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research study and the model for improving the safety of navigation when using the AIS
Autorzy:
Medić, D.
Bukljaš, M.
Bošnjak, R.
Vukša, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063973.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Safety at Sea
Safety of Navigation
Automatic Identification System
AIS Data
Adriatic Sea
Improving the Safety
Maritime Safety
Opis:
The use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) devices for ensuring the safety of navigation and the errors occurring when using AIS equipment have been the focus of a number of research studies. The users of AIS equipment installed onboard sea-going vessels are required to familiar with the proper use of the devices and potential errors that may occur. A significant problem revealed in this study is the lack of understanding of potential error sources and the necessity to eliminate such errors prior to transmission of the AIS data message reading of the errors and failure to update the data processed by the AIS system. This results in a hypothesis on the insufficient training of seafarers and their familiarisation with the AIS devices and errors. This research is aimed at increasing the safety of navigation in the Adriatic Sea, as well as other seas, i.e. better accident prevention and protection of human life and material property at sea. The results produced by the research are used as an input for creating a model for enhancing the safety of navigation when using the AIS, through additional training of the seafarers.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 577--582
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Study of Correlation between Fishing Activity and AIS Data by Deep Learning
Autorzy:
Shen, K. Y.
Chu, Y. J.
Chang, S. J.
Chang, S. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
AIS Data
deep learning framework
learning methods
Recurrent Neural Network
(RNN)
Automatic Identification System
(AIS)
fishing operation
Opis:
Previous researches on the prediction of fishing activities mainly rely on the speed over ground (SOG) as the referential attribute to determine whether the vessel is navigating or in fishing operation. Since more and more fishing vessels install Automatic Identification System (AIS) either voluntarily or under regulatory requirement, data collected from AIS in real time provide more attributes than SOG which may be utilized to improve the prediction. To be specific, the ships' trajectory patterns and the changes in course become available and should be considered. This paper aims to improve the accuracy in the identification of fishing activities. First, we do feature extraction from the AIS data of coastal waters around Taiwan and build a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model. Then, the activity data of fishing vessels are divided into fishing and non-fishing. Finally, based on the testing by feeding various fishing activity data, we can identify the fishing status automatically.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 3; 527-531
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of master’s route selection criteria of vehicle carriers in North Pacific and North Atlantic using satellite AIS and Ocean wave data
Autorzy:
Fujii, M.
Hashimoto, H.
Taniguchi, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
AIS Assisted Services
Route Selection
Route Selection Criteria
Satellite AIS
Ocean Wave Data
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
North Pacific
North Atlantic
Opis:
The operational measures in which a ship needs to avoid specified areas to escape ship stability failures were discussed at the International Maritime Organization as a part of the second generation intact stability criteria. It is necessary that the rationality and practicality of the operational measures are carefully investigated. In this study, master’s route decision-making criteria of trans-ocean vehicle carriers have been clarified by comparing the Pacific and the Atlantic data, derived from Satellite AIS and ocean wave data. Features of voyage routes of each ocean were discussed, followed by analysis of the encountered wave direction and height during a voyage. The master’s route selection criteria were defined by comparing the probability densities of the wave heights that occurred in the navigable area and that of the actual encountered waves. The navigation hours in a stormy area were also studied.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 1; 137-141
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sharing ships’ weather data via AIS
Autorzy:
Tetreault, B.
Johnson, G. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
AIS Assisted Services
weather data
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS Application-Specific Message (ASM)
National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB)
Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
Opis:
In the aftermath of the sinking of the US-flagged containership El Faro in October 2015, one of the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB) recommendations was for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to explore increasing the collection of weather data from ships in order to improve the weather forecast products that they distribute. Currently NOAA runs the Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) program, where ships voluntarily submit weather observations to NOAA. However, only a small fraction of the thousands of vessels sailing worldwide participate in this program, and VOS weather observations are submitted infrequently, typically four times per day via a mainly manual process. One method being explored to automate and increase the frequency of data submittal is by using the existing Automatic identification System (AIS) equipment installed aboard vessels. Most commercial ships (in particular those subject to the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Safety of Life and Sea (SOLAS) convention) have a Class A AIS transceiver installed to comply with mandatory carriage requirements. Many vessels not required to carry AIS equipment voluntarily install AIS transceivers (either Class A or B). All of these AIS transceivers (except for the Class B “CS”) can be used to transmit an AIS message 8 (broadcast binary message) by sending the transceiver an appropriately formatted NMEA sentence (BBM). Weather data can be embedded in an AIS application-specific message (ASM) carried by the AIS message 8 and automatically transmitted by the ship. This transmission can be received by terrestrial AIS stations (when in range) or by satellite AIS receivers. The AIS weather data can then be converted into the appropriate format and forwarded to the weather forecasting offices for use in models and weather predictions. This data may also be of use to other researchers monitoring climate change or other environmental factors. By leveraging this existing base of AIS transmitters, the volume of weather data being sent to weather forecast offices and others could be greatly increased. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) have been exploring the feasibility of this concept. Following a simple bench test performed by Alion Science in September 2018, an initial proof-of-concept was tested aboard the MARAD vessel Cape Wrath while moored in Baltimore in October 2018. After this successful demonstration, a prototype was installed on the Massachusetts Maritime Academy training ship TS Kennedy during her training cruise Jan-Feb 2019. During this cruise, the AIS equipment aboard the ship transmitted weather data at 3-minute intervals. Several different ASM formats were tested, including two developed specifically for this test to improve satellite reception. This report will discuss the concept, the demonstrations, and the results to date including the efficacy of the various ASM formats.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 1; 143-150
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of a multiple regression model to determine the parameters of vessel traffic flow in port areas
Autorzy:
Nowy, A.
Gucma, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
maritime traffic engineering
vessel traffic flow
port areas
multiple regression model
fairway
fairway parameters
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS Data
Opis:
The paper presents the method of determining ships traffic stream parameters by means of regression method. The aim of the studies was to determine the correlation between the ship's parameters and the parameters of the fairway. Developing the presented model with information on the position of the vessel's antenna and information on the accuracy of position determination will allow creating a model for predicting the parameters of waterways.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 443-449
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
AIS based shipping routes using the dijkstra algorithm
Autorzy:
Silveira, P.
Teixeira, A. P.
Guedes-Soares, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Dijkstra’s Algorithm
AIS Data
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS based shipping routes
shipping routes
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)
port of Setubal
Ro-Ro Terminal
Opis:
This paper proposes an approach for identifying and characterizing shipping routes using information contained in Automatic Identification System messages broadcasted by ships and recorded by the coastal Vessel Traffic Service centre. The approach consists of using historical Automatic Identification System data to build a graph, where nodes are cells of a grid covering the geographical area being studied and the weights of directional edges are inversely related to ship movements between cells. Based on this graph, the Dijkstra algorithm is used to identify a potential safe route, assumed to be the most used route by ships between two locations. A second graph is created simultaneously, with the same nodes and edges, but with edge weights equal to the average speed of transitions between cells, thus allowing the determination of the average speed profile for any possible path within the graph. The proposed approach is applied to two scenarios: an approach to the port of Lisbon and the entry through the fairway to a RO-RO terminal in the port of Setubal in Portugal.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 3; 565-571
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of AIS data for qualitative and quantitative analysis of ship traffic flows
Autorzy:
Naus, Krzysztof
Wąż, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/316633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
automatic identification system
qualitative and quantitative analysis
processing AIS data
Opis:
The article presents the idea of method of processing AIS data into information useful for qualitative and quantitative analysis of ship traffic flows. In the introduction the manner of exchanging and storing data in AIS was generally characterised. An original programme for creating maps of ship traffic intensity and tabular ship profiles was described in the main part. The last part presents analysis of ship traffic flows in the Gdańsk Bay in the year 2017, conducted with the use of the original software.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2019, 20, 12; 237-240
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preliminary inter-comparison of AIS Data and optimal ship tracks
Autorzy:
Mannarini, G.
Carelli, L.
Zissis, D.
Spiliopoulos, G.
Chatzikokolakis, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116108.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
AIS Data
ship track
Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS)
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
VISIR (discoVerIng Safe and effIcient Routes)
VISIR track
VISIR model
optimal ship track
Opis:
Optimal ship tracks computed via the VISIR model are compared to tracks recorded by the Automatic Identification System (AIS). The evaluation regards 43 tracks in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, sailed during 2016-2017 by different bulk carriers. In this exercise, VISIR is fed by wave analysis fields from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). In order to reproduce vessel speed loss in waves, a new methodology is developed, where kinematic information from AIS is fusioned with wave information from CMEMS. Resulting VISIR tracks are analyzed along with AIS tracks in terms of their topological features and duration. The tracks exhibit quite diverse topological shapes, including orthodromic, loxodromic, and other paths with complex and dynamic diversions. The distribution of AIS to VISIR track durations is analyzed in terms of several parameters, such as the AIS to VISIR track length and their Fréchet distance. Model features of VISIR affecting the results are discussed and future developments suggested by the results are outlined.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 1; 53-61
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ship route planning using historical trajectories derived from AIS Data
Autorzy:
He, Y. K.
Zhang, D.
Zhang, J. F.
Zhang, M. Y.
Li, T. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
AIS Data
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
route planning
historical trajectories
AIS messages
marine traffic
Dijkstra algorithm
ant colony algorithm
Opis:
Ship route planning is one of the key issues in enhancing traffic safety and efficiency. Many route planning methods have been developed, but most of them are based on the information from charts. This paper proposes a method to generate shipping routes based on historical ship tracks. The ship's historical route information was obtained by processing the AIS data. From which the ship turning point was extracted and clustered as nodes. The ant colony algorithm was used to generate the optimize route. The ship AIS data of the Three Gorges dam area was selected as a case study. The ships’ optimized route was generated, and further compared with the actual ship's navigation trajectory. The results indicate that there is space of improvement for some of the trajectories, especially near the turning areas.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 1; 69-76
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Automatyczna identyfikacja danych dotyczących przebiegu produkcji jako atrybut współczesnego przedsiębiorstwa
Automatic identification of data concerning production process as an attribute of contemporary enterprise
Autorzy:
Maksajdowska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
automatyczna identyfikacja danych
systemy Auto-ID
kody kreskowe
raportowanie produkcji
zintegrowane systemy automatyczne
systemy WMS
automatic data identification
auto id-systems
bar codes
production reporting
integrated IT systems
WMS systems
Opis:
W artykule zawarte zostały informacje dotyczące sposobu wykorzystania automatycznej identyfikacji danych w celu monitorowania przebiegu procesu produkcyjnego. Referat ukazuje, że zastosowanie kodów kreskowych jako nośnika informacji powoduje usprawnienie przepływów obiektów oraz umożliwia bieżącą aktualizację danych dotyczących postępu produkcji. W opracowaniu ujęty został przykład użycia automatycznej identyfikacji danych w przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym posiadającym w swojej ofercie bardzo zróżnicowany asortyment, co wskazuje na szerokie możliwości wykorzystania tego narzędzia.
The article contains information on how to use automatic data identification to monitor the progress of the production process. This study shows, that the use of bar codes as an information carrier improves the flow of objects and enables current updating of data of production progress. The study includes an example of the use of automatic data identification in a production company that has a very diversified assortment in its offer, which indicates the wide possibilities of using this tool.
Źródło:
Journal of TransLogistics; 2018, 4, 1; 129--138
2450-5870
Pojawia się w:
Journal of TransLogistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Method foranalyzing AIS data and determination of simultaneously ships passage via strait of split
Autorzy:
Bukljaš, M.
Vukša, S.
Pavić, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS Data
strait of split
ships passage
AIS Decoder
simultaneous ship passage
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)
International Waterway Risk Assessment Program (IWRAP)
Opis:
The traffic density is a basic characteristic of marine traffic for some navigational area. In the case of narrow channels such as Strait of Split (Splitska vrata), apart from the traffic density, the number of simultaneous ship passages is also important as well as ships characteristics. Based on such data, additional navigational safety guidelines and regulations may be planned for the observed area. The purpose of this research is to determine the number of simultaneous ship passages via Strait of Split for a certain period of time. Collected AIS data in SPNMEA format was decoded by AIS Decoder online program to csv file. For five randomly selected days in the summer period, based on AIS data, the number of simultaneous ship passages was determined and ships information presented.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 4; 679-684
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of satellite AIS Data to derive weather judging criteria for voyage route selection
Autorzy:
Fujii, M.
Hashimoto, H.
Taniguchi, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116513.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS Data
voyage route selection
route planning
satellite AIS Data
North Pacific Ocean
weather forecast
decision-making criteria
Opis:
The operational limitations are discussed at the IMO as a part of the second generation intact stability criteria. Since it is a first attempt to introduce operational efforts into safety regulations, comprehensive discussions are necessary to realize practically acceptable ones. Therefore this study investigates actual navigation routes of container ships and pure car carriers in the trans-North Pacific Ocean in winter, because they are prone to suffer significant parametric roll which is one of stability failure modes. Firstly, interviews are made to shipmasters who have experiences to have operated the subject ships to identify major elements for route selection in the North Pacific Ocean. Secondly, sufficient number of actual navigation records is collected from Satellite AIS data to derive the weather criteria for the route selection in severe weather condition. Finally, shipmaster’s on-board decision-making criteria are discussed by analysing the ship tracking data and weather data.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2017, 11, 2; 271-277
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Expanding the possibilities of AIS data with heuristics
Autorzy:
Smestad, B.B.
Rødseth, Ø.J.
Asbjjørnslett, B.E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116611.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS Data
heuristics
commercial ship data registers
heuristic training
heuristic testing
satellite AIS Data
commercial vessel database
Opis:
Automatic Identification System (AIS) is primarily used as a tracking system for ships, but with the launch of satellites to collect these data, new and previously untested possibilities are emerging. This paper presents the development of heuristics for establishing the specific ship type using information retrieved from AIS data alone. These heuristics expand the possibilities of AIS data, as the specific ship type is vital for several transportation research cases, such as emission analyses of ship traffic and studies on slow steaming. The presented method for developing heuristics can be used for a wider range of vessels. These heuristics may form the basis of large-scale studies on ship traffic using AIS data when it is not feasible or desirable to use commercial ship data registers.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2017, 11, 2; 279-286
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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