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Wyszukujesz frazę "atom" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Two-parameter Hardy-Littlewood inequalities
Autorzy:
Weisz, Ferenc
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1287705.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Hardy spaces
rectangle p-atom
atomic decomposition
Hardy-Littlewood inequalities
Opis:
The inequality (*) $(∑_{|n|=1}^{∞} ∑_{|m|=1}^{∞} |nm|^{p-2} |f̂(n,m)|^p)^{1/p} ≤ C_p ∥ƒ∥_{H_p}$ (0 < p ≤ 2) is proved for two-parameter trigonometric-Fourier coefficients and for the two-dimensional classical Hardy space $H_p$ on the bidisc. The inequality (*) is extended to each p if the Fourier coefficients are monotone. For monotone coefficients and for every p, the supremum of the partial sums of the Fourier series is in $L_p$ whenever the left hand side of (*) is finite. From this it follows that under the same condition the two-dimensional trigonometric-Fourier series of an arbitrary function from $H_1$ converges a.e. and also in $L_1$ norm to that function.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1996, 118, 2; 175-184
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The scientific and cultural role of atomistics
Autorzy:
Sosnowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
atom
history of science
structure of matter
Opis:
The development of the idea that atoms are the building blocks of matter is presented. This hypothesis began in the Ancient Greece and, independently, in the Ancient India. Arguments are presented that the fact that the atomic theory started in these two regions and not e.g. in Egypt, China or by the Mayas can be linked to their writing. In both Greece and India the alphabet contained letters and not pictograms as used in the three other cultures. The role of Islamic scholars in preserving the knowledge of the ancient atomic theories is presented. In the Middle Ages a significant part of the Greek philosophic treatises have been firstly learned via the Arab translations. It is shown that the atomic concept has not been developed in the Middle Ages. This was because the church found it to be in a disagreement with the Holy Scripture. The start of the modern scientific atomic theory is presented and the role of the established quantitative laws of chemical reactions is discussed. Arguments are presented that the atoms discovered in the nineteenth century did not have the qualities of the atoms proposed by the Ancient Greek philosophers. Contrary to the atoms proposed by the Greeks the former can be decomposed into more fundamental parts. The discussion of the possibility that quarks, leptons and quanta of interactions fields meet the above qualities is presented.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2005, 50,suppl.3; 5-10
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The concepts of an atom and chemical bond in physics and chemistry: the role of approximations
Autorzy:
Koleżyński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/429151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
philosophy of chemistry
the concept of atom
the concept of chemical bond
evolution of meaning
quantum mechanics
Opis:
It is well known from the history of science, that almost all crucial concepts are subject to change during the evolution of scientific theories. There is, however, another (often forgotten or omitted) aspect of this process, i.e. a role of some approximations, necessarily applied to any system of interest, in practically every single calculation carried out within quantum mechanical formalism, which can also result in change of the meaning of some of these concepts. In this paper, the two concepts of great importance in chemistry and physics, namely the concept of an atom, and the concept of a chemical bond are analyzed, both from the point of view of classical chemistry and quantum mechanics. The evolution of their meaning, due to the approximations, resulting in some important differences is highlighted.
Źródło:
Semina Scientiarum; 2011, 10
1644-3365
Pojawia się w:
Semina Scientiarum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szczotki polimerowe : otrzymywanie, charakteryzacja, zastosowanie
Polymer brushes : synthesis, characterization and applications
Autorzy:
Wójcik, A. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
nanotechnologia
szczotki polimerowe
SI-ATRP
proces szczepienia
nanotechnology
polymer brushes
Surface Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
grafting from process
Opis:
In 1959 Feynman said the future of engineering and science belongs to the nanotechnology [1, 2]. After fifty-seven years it has been proved that he was completely right. A perfect example of systems obtained in a nanometers scale, with huge development potential is a polymer brush. Polymer brushes consist of polymer chains tethered by one end to a commonly solid substrate. For a sufficiently high grafting density the macromolecules are arranged sticking out perpendicularly to the surface. Such systems could be prepared following two main strategies: “grafting to” and “grafting from” processes by means of various polymerization methods. The most popular ones are controlled radical polymerizations, especially surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) [3], but brushes may also be fabricated using surface-initiated anionic or cationic polymerization processes. The architecture of the polymer systems could be very precisely controlled by selection of monomers used for the polymerization, substrates, types of solvents, temperature and duration of the whole synthesis. A postmodification of the produced brushes is also possible [4, 5]. Both structure and composition of polymer brushes may be characterized by means of numerous methods applied for a surface characterization including grazin- angle infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) or even gel permeation chromatography (GPC) [6]. Thanks to the above mentioned distinguishing properties polymer brushes have found a lot of applications. They have been used e.g. in the construction of modified graphene surfaces (they improved solubility, mechanical properties, thermal stability and electrical conductivity of the material), by manipulation of cell adhesion processes, in the column chromatography (to change quality of the stationary phase what enabled more efficient proteins separation) etc. [4]. In this review the synthesis, characterization and applications of varied polymer brushes are discussed.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2016, 70, 5-6; 391-410
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis of high molecular weight five-arm star polymers by improved electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization
Synteza pięcioramiennych polimerów gwiaździstych o dużym ciężarze cząsteczkowym metodą ulepszonej kontrolowanej elektrochemicznie polimeryzacji rodnikowej z przeniesieniem atomu
Autorzy:
Chmielarz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947177.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Chemii Przemysłowej
Tematy:
polymer synthesis
glucose-based star polymers
simplified electrochemically mediated atom transfer polymerization
improved cathode
synteza polimerów
polimery gwiaździste na bazie glukozy
uproszczona kontrolowana elektrochemicznie polimeryzacja rodnikowa z przeniesieniem atomu
ulepszona katoda
Opis:
Star-like polymers were designed with α-D-glucose (GL) as the core and oligo(ethylene glycol) acrylate (OEGA) for the arms via an improved type of simplified electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (seATRP) under preparative electrolysis conditions, utilizing only 40ppm of the catalyst system. The novelty of this work is to present the possibility of reducing the size of the platinum cathode in the reaction setup without significantly affecting the polymerization rate under constant potential/current conditions. This is an easier and cheaper solution than replacing it with other, expensive, non-platinum electrodes such as Au or Fe. The results obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses clearly confirm the controlled nature of the electrochemically mediated polymerization of OEGA.
Stosując ulepszoną odmianę uproszczonej kontrolowanej elektrochemicznie polimeryzacji rodnikowej z przeniesieniem atomu (seATRP) otrzymano polimery gwiaździste z wykorzystaniem α-D-glukozy (GL) jako rdzenia i akrylanu oligooskyetylenu (OEGA) jako składowej ramion. Syntezę prowadzono w warunkach elektrolizy preparatywnej, z zastosowaniem bardzo małych stężeń katalizatora – na poziomie 40 ppm. Zbadano możliwości zmniejszenia rozmiaru katody platynowej w układzie reakcyjnym w stosunku do dotychczas używanych. Wykazano, że zmniejszenie to nie ma istotnego wpływu na szybkość polimeryzacji realizowanej w warunkach stałego potencjału/natężenia prądu. Zastosowane rozwiązanie jest łatwiejsze i tańsze niż stosowanie innych kosztownych katod nieplatynowych, takich jak Au lub Fe. Wyniki analiz wykonanych metodami magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego (1H NMR) i chromatografii żelowej (GPC) potwierdziły, że kontrolowana elektrochemicznie polimeryzacja OEGA przebiegała w sposób umożliwiający sterowanie tym procesem.
Źródło:
Polimery; 2017, 62, 9; 642-649
0032-2725
Pojawia się w:
Polimery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface initiated ATRP: Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Polymers Grafted on Modified Cellulose Beads
Autorzy:
Ashaduzzaman, Md.
Ishikura, K.
Sakata, M.
Kunitake, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)
cellulose beads
surface modification
grafting from
ionic polymer
Opis:
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was employed to synthesize novel polymer particles. The surface of porous polymeric cellulose beads was modified by sodium hydroxide, 2-chloromethyloxirane, ethylenediamine and 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide successively in order to activate the beads surface so that it can play an important role as an initiator for ATRP reaction. ATRP on the modified cellulose beads surface was carried out with styrene and sodium p-styrenesulphonate monomers in the presence of non aqueous and aqueous phases respectively. The polymer products on the substrate surface were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and carbon13 - nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR).
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 8, 3; 243-248
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strong convergence theorems for two-parameter Walsh-Fourier and trigonometric-Fourier series
Autorzy:
Weisz, Ferenc
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1288490.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
martingale and classical Hardy spaces
p-atom
atomic decomposition
Walsh functions
Hardy-Littlewood inequality
Opis:
The martingale Hardy space $H_p([0,1)^2)$ and the classical Hardy space $H_p(^2)$ are introduced. We prove that certain means of the partial sums of the two-parameter Walsh-Fourier and trigonometric-Fourier series are uniformly bounded operators from $H_p$ to $L_p$ (0 < p ≤ 1). As a consequence we obtain strong convergence theorems for the partial sums. The classical Hardy-Littlewood inequality is extended to two-parameter Walsh-Fourier and trigonometric-Fourier coefficients. The dual inequalities are also verified and a Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type inequality is obtained for BMO spaces.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1995-1996, 117, 2; 173-194
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Średni ciężar cząsteczkowy chondrytu Jezersko (H4). Promień i objętość atomu i cząsteczki chondrytu
Average molecular weight of Jezersko H4 chondrite. Radius and volume of atom and molecule of chondrite
Autorzy:
Szurgot, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Meteorytowe
Tematy:
Jezersko chondrite
average molecular weight
average radius of atom
average radius of molecule
Opis:
Average molecular weight and average atomic number of molecule of Jezersko ordinary chondrite (H4 S2(3) W2, find in 1992 in Slovenia) have been calculated using literature data on chemical composition of the meteorite (Miler et al. 2014). It was shown that Jezersko’s = 55.58, = 27.21, and ratio / = 2.043 for composition without water. Jezersko’s silicates shown the values: = 54.08, = 21.77, and / = 2.484. Volume and radius of average Jezersko molecule, and of atom have been also determined. It was calculated that the average volume of Jezersko’s molecule Vmol = 2.515·10–29 m3, and average radius of Jezersko’s molecule Rmol = 181.5 pm. Average volume of the Jezersko’s atom Vatom = 1.117·10–29 m3, and average radius of Jezersko’s atom: Ratom = 138.5 pm. Ratio of average Jezersko’s volume of molecule to atom volume: 2.25, and ratio of radius of molecule to radius of atom: 1.31. Number of atoms in Jezersko meteorite average molecule Nmol = /Amean = /Zmean = 2.25, and for Jezersko’s silicates Nsimol = 2.48.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum; 2020, 11; 98-109
2080-5497
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Średni ciężar atomowy, średnia objętość i promień atomu chondrytu Creston (L5/6)
Mean atomic weight, mean volume and radius of atom of Creston (L5/6) chondrite
Autorzy:
Szurgot, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30146488.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-04
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Meteorytowe
Tematy:
Creston chondrite
Ensisheim chondrite
Jezersko chondrite
mean atomic weight
mean volume of atom
mean radius of atom
Opis:
Mean atomic weight Amean, mean volume and mean radius of atom of Creston ordinary chondrite (L5/6 S4 W0) felt in 2015 in Creston near Paso Robles, California has been calculated using literature data on chemical composition of the meteorite (Jenniskens et al. 2019). The aim of the studies was to determine Amean, Vatom, and Ratom values for this new meteorite, and compare the data with the values obtained for two other ordinary chondrites: Ensisheim (LL6), and Jezersko (H4). Calculations were conducted for the whole rock, for silicates, and for Fe, Ni metal of Creston, and Ensisheim chondrites. It was shown that the mean atomic weight of the whole rock of Creston chondrite Amean = 24.06. Creston’s silicates revealed the value: Ameansi = 21.92, and Creston’s Fe,Ni metal: Ameanmet = 56.25. It was calculated that the average volume of the Creston’s atom Vatom = 1.111·10–29 m3 (sample CR05), and 1.115·10–29 m3 (sample CR06). Average radius of Creston’s atom: Ratom = 138.5 pm, mean radius of atom of Creston silicates: Ratomsi = 138 pm, and mean radius of atom of Creston metal: Ratommet = 142 pm.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum; 2024, 15; 116-128
2080-5497
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some non-homogeneous Hardy spaces on locally compact Vilenkin groups
Autorzy:
Lu, Shanzhen
Yang, Dachun
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965121.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Vilenkin group
dual space
Herz space
atom
Hardy space
molecule
Źródło:
Colloquium Mathematicum; 1996, 69, 1; 1-17
0010-1354
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium Mathematicum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Riesz means of Fourier transforms and Fourier series on Hardy spaces
Autorzy:
Weisz, Ferenc
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1217804.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Hardy spaces
p-atom
atomic decomposition
interpolation
Fourier transforms
Riesz means
Opis:
Elementary estimates for the Riesz kernel and for its derivative are given. Using these we show that the maximal operator of the Riesz means of a tempered distribution is bounded from $H_p(ℝ)$ to $L_p(ℝ)$ (1/(α+1) < p < ∞) and is of weak type (1,1), where $H_p(ℝ)$ is the classical Hardy space. As a consequence we deduce that the Riesz means of a function $⨍ ∈ L_1(ℝ)$ converge a.e. to ⨍. Moreover, we prove that the Riesz means are uniformly bounded on $H_p(ℝ)$ whenever 1/(α+1) < p < ∞. Thus, in case $⨍ ∈ H_p(ℝ)$, the Riesz means converge to ⨍ in $H_p(ℝ)$ norm (1/(α+1) < p < ∞). The same results are proved for the conjugate Riesz means and for Fourier series of distributions.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1998, 131, 3; 253-270
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Removable Edges on a Hamilton Cycle or Outside a Cycle in a 4-Connected Graph
Autorzy:
Wu, Jichang
Broersma, Hajo
Mao, Yaping
Ma, Qin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32083895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
4-connected graph
removable edge
fragment
atom
Opis:
Let G be a 4-connected graph. We call an edge e of G removable if the following sequence of operations results in a 4-connected graph: delete e from G; if there are vertices with degree 3 in G−e, then for each (of the at most two) such vertex x, delete x from G − e and turn the three neighbors of x into a clique by adding any missing edges (avoiding multiple edges). In this paper, we continue the study on the distribution of removable edges in a 4-connected graph G, in particular outside a cycle of G or in a spanning tree or on a Hamilton cycle of G. We give examples to show that our results are in some sense best possible.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory; 2021, 41, 2; 559-587
2083-5892
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relatively complemented ordered sets
Autorzy:
Chajda, Ivan
Morávková, Zuzana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/728820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
modular ordered set
complemented
relatively complemented ordered set
atom
Opis:
We investigate conditions for the existence of relative complements in ordered sets. For relatively complemented ordered sets with 0 we show that each element b ≠ 0 is the least one of the set of all upper bounds of all atoms contained in b.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications; 2000, 20, 2; 207-217
1509-9415
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reactive surfactants – chemistry and applications. Part II. Surface-active initiators (inisurfs) and surface-active transfer agents (transurfs)
Surfaktanty reaktywne – chemia i zastosowania. Cz. II. Powierzchniowo czynne inicjatory (inisurfy) i powierzchniowo czynne środki przeniesienia łańcucha (transurfy)
Autorzy:
Kaczorowski, M.
Rokicki, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947001.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Chemii Przemysłowej
Tematy:
inisurf
surface-active initiator
atom transfer radical polymerization
transurf
surface-active transfer agent
reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer
emulsion polymerization
living polymerization
inicjator powierzchniowo czynny
polimeryzacja rodnikowa z przeniesieniem atomu
powierzchniowo czynny środek przeniesienia łańcucha
polimeryzacja z odwracalnym addycyjno-fragmentacyjnym przeniesieniem łańcucha
polimeryzacja emulsyjna
polimeryzacja żyjąca
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present recent advances in the technology of surfmers [polymerizable surfactants – in Part I)], inisurfs (surface-active initiators) and transurfs (surface-active transfer agents). In this part, inisurfs and transurfs are described and discussed. Due to the development of controlled living polymerization, inisurfs and transurfs are becoming more and more significant. Inisurfs are used for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) process and transurfs can be applied for reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process. Preparation of nanospheres using a transurfs has also been reported.
Zaprezentowano najnowsze postępy w chemii i technologii reaktywnych surfaktantów: surfmerów [surfaktantów zdolnych do polimeryzacji – w Cz. I], inisurfów (powierzchniowo czynnych inicjatorów) oraz transurfów (powierzchniowo czynnych środków przeniesienia łańcucha). W niniejszej części artykułu opisano inisurfy i transurfy, które znajdują zastosowanie m.in. w procesach kontrolowanej polimeryzacji żyjącej; inisurfy – w procesie polimeryzacji rodnikowej z przeniesieniem atomu (ATRP), a transurfy – w procesie polimeryzacji z odwracalnym addycyjno-fragmentacyjnym przeniesieniem łańcucha (RAFT). Transurfy mogą być również zastosowane do otrzymywania nanosfer.
Źródło:
Polimery; 2017, 62, 2; 79-85
0032-2725
Pojawia się w:
Polimery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Production of 166Ho and 153Sm using hot atom reactions in neutron irradiated tris(cyclopentadienyl) compounds
Autorzy:
Nassan, L.
Achkar, B.
Yassine, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
hot atom reactions
holmium-166
miniature nuclear source reactor (MNSR)
Opis:
The behavior of a recoiled 166Ho and 153Sm resulting from the reactions 165Ho(n,gamma)166Ho and 152Sm(n,gamma)153Sm in the organometallic compounds tris(cyclopentadienyl)holmium (C5H5)3Ho(III), and tris(cyclopentadienyl)samarium (C5H5)3Sm(III) were investigated. Several chemical separation methods were developed for each compound to separate the recoil products from the irradiated compound. Retention value of 0.2 �} 0.1% was obtained for (C5H5)3Ho(III) using sublimation. Another value of retention of 0.4 plus or minus 0.1% resulted when column chromatography was used. Paper chromatography (using Whatman Chr. 1 and Whatman Chr. 4) gave different retention values of about 0.11 plus or minus 0.05%, and 0.4 plus or minus 0.1%, respectively. Similar behavior of 153Sm in irradiated (C5H5)3Sm(III) was found when paper chromatography was used for separation. The different retention values given by different methods of separation were discussed. An important improvement of the specific activity was achieved as compared with other published results in this field. The obtained results pointed out that tris(cyclopentadienyl)holmium and samarium could be used to produce high specific activity of 166Ho and 153Sm in the Syrian low flux miniature nuclear source reactor (MNSR), where the averaged achieved enrichment factor for holmium compound was found to be greater than 1.6 x 107.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 4; 263-267
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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