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Tytuł:
Asymptotic formulae for the acoustic self-impedance of simply-supported and simply supported-clamped annular plates
Wyznaczanie akustycznej impedancji własnej płaskich płyt pierścieniowych o różnych konfiguracjach brzegowych z zastosowaniem równań asymptotycznych
Autorzy:
Rdzanek, W. P.
Rdzanek, W. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973169.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
active and reactive self-impedance
sound radiation for the high frequencies
annular flat plate in a rigid baffle
promieniowanie dźwięku dla wysokich częstości
czynna i bierna impedancja własna
łaskie płyty pierścieniowe w sztywnej odgrodzie
Opis:
This study focuses on the sound radiation of a vibrating flat annular plate. The rigorous theoretical considerations deal with some time-harmonic and axisymmetric vibrations. Three different boundary configurations are considered, i.e. one of the plate's edges is simply supported and the other one is clamped or also is simply supported. The active and reactive self-impedance of the system are presented in their Hankel's representations, valid within the whole frequency spectrum. The expressions obtained are transformed to their elementary forms, valid for the high frequencies. Low fluid loading and low internal friction of the plate are assumed. The obtained results are illustrated with sample plots in the domain of acoustic wave number. Elementary formulae presented can be useful for further theoretical analysis of the total sound power radiated by an excited flat plate in an acoustic fluid as well as for efficient engineering computations.
W pracy podjęto zagadnienie promieniowania dźwięku przez drgającą płaską płytę pierścieniową. Ścisłe rozważania teoretyczne dotyczą osiowosymetrycznych drgań harmonicznych. Rozpatrzono trzy różne konfiguracje brzegowe, tj. dla jednej krawędzi płyty swobodnie podpartej, a drugiej utwierdzonej łub swobodnie podpartej. Czynną i bierną impedancję własną układu drgającego przedstawiono w reprezentacji Hankela, słusznej w całym spektrum częstości. Wyrażenia te zostały przekształcone do ich elementarnych postaci, słusznych dla wysokich częstości. Założono, że wpływ powietrza na drgania płyty oraz tłumienie wewnętrzne są znikome. Otrzymane wyniki zilustrowano wybranymi wykresami w funkcji liczby falowej. Przedstawione wzory elementarne mogą być przydatne do dalszej analizy teoretycznej całkowitej mocy promieniowania dźwięku przez płaską płytę pobudzoną do drgań z uwzględnieniem wpływu ośrodka, jak również do szybkich obliczeń inżynierskich.
Źródło:
Mechanics and Control; 2014, 33, 1; 17-25
2083-6759
2300-7079
Pojawia się w:
Mechanics and Control
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detection and Localization of Audio Event for Home Surveillance Using CRNN
Autorzy:
Suruthhi, V. S.
Smita, V.
Rolant Gini, J.
Ramachandran, K. I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
convolutional recurrent neural network
CRNN
gated recurrent unit
GRU
long short-term memory
LSTM
sound event localization and detection
SELD
Opis:
Safety and security have been a prime priority in people’s lives, and having a surveillance system at home keeps people and their property more secured. In this paper, an audio surveillance system has been proposed that does both the detection and localization of the audio or sound events. The combined task of detecting and localizing the audio events is known as Sound Event Localization and Detection (SELD). The SELD in this work is executed through Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) architecture. CRNN is a stacked layer of convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN) and fully connected neural network (FNN). The CRNN takes multichannel audio as input, extracts features and does the detection and localization of the input audio events in parallel. The SELD results obtained by CRNN with the gated recurrent unit (GRU) and with long short-term memory (LSTM) unit are compared and discussed in this paper. The SELD results of CRNN with LSTM unit gives 75% F1 score and 82.8% frame recall for one overlapping sound. Therefore, the proposed audio surveillance system that uses LSTM unit produces better detection and overall performance for one overlapping sound.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 4; 735--741
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnostyka i modernizacja budynków wielkopłytowych (cz.2)
Modernization and assessment of technical condition of precast concrete buildings (part 2)
Autorzy:
Runkiewicz, L.
Szudrowicz, B.
Prejzner, H.
Geryło, R.
Szulc, J.
Sieczkowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/160330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polski Związek Inżynierów i Techników Budownictwa
Tematy:
budynek wielkopłytowy
diagnostyka
modernizacja
wzmocnienie konstrukcji
termomodernizacja
izolacyjność akustyczna
warunki higieniczno-zdrowotne
precast concrete panel building
diagnostics
modernization
structure strengthening
thermal retrofitting
sound insulation characteristics
health and hygiene conditions
Opis:
W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono metody oceny stanu technicznego budynków w aspekcie wymagań bezpieczeństwa konstrukcji oraz właściwości akustycznych, izolacyjnych i higieniczno-zdrowotnych. Z uwagi na różnorodność istniejących budynków mieszkalnych, a także wysokie oczekiwania użytkowników zaprezentowano możliwości modernizacyjne budynków wielkopłytowych, również w zakresie ingerencji w ustroje konstrukcyjne. Druga część zawiera informacje o sposobach modernizacji budownictwa wielkopłytowego na konkretnych przykładach.
The first part of the following paper presents methods of assessing technical conditions of buildings in terms of the requirements concerning construction safety, acoustical performance, the requirements regarding insulation properties as well as health and safety issues. Due to the variety of residential buildings and high expectations of their residents, possibilities of modernization of precast concrete buildings have been presented, including those that involve the alternation of lead bearing structures. The second part of this paper presents, on specific examples, methods of precast concrete buildings’ modernization
Źródło:
Przegląd Budowlany; 2014, R. 85, nr 9, 9; 20-26
0033-2038
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Budowlany
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
E-learning environment: challenges and benefits in teaching a foreign language
E-learning: wyzwania i korzyści w nauczeniu języka obcego
Autorzy:
Syrotyuk, Mykola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2166794.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-15
Wydawca:
Ostrołęckie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
e-learning environment
personalized e-learning environment
language laboratory
technological literacy
online training
language barriers and
sound diagram
środowisko e-learningowe
spersonalizowane środowisko
e-learningowe
laboratorium językowe
umiejętności technologiczne
szkolenia
online
bariery językowe i diagram dźwiękowy
Opis:
Innovational methods of foreign language teaching in the context of modern language laboratory are considered in the given article. The attention is paid to new educational, cultural opportunities and challenges that learners and teachers come across while learning teaching and a foreign language. The article emphasizes the role of teacher’s competence in using computer-based systems. The work suggests some approaches to forming language competence where language laboratory is considered as an artificial language environment. Technical aids and materials exist in the educational sphere for a long time. Media education as a vital trend in education was formed in the 2nd half of the XX century. The present article deals with the importance of an adequate use of innovations in a school system. It is focused on the peculiarities and communicative opportunities of modern educational technologies. The problem of education management is discussed in the context of computer-oriented environment. The article deals with the innovational methods of foreign language teaching. The attention is paid to the peculiarities of a process of teaching in a personalized e-learning environment. The work suggests some practical approaches to information technologies implementation. The article emphasizes the teacher’s readiness in using the opportunities of computer-based systems.
W artykule omówiono innowacyjne metody nauczania języków obcych w kontekście współczesnego laboratorium językowego. Zwrócono uwagę na nowe możliwości edukacyjne i kulturowe oraz wyzwania, z którymi spotykają się uczniowie i nauczyciele w procesie nauczania i uczenia się języka obcego. W artykule podkreślono rolę kompetencji nauczyciela w posługiwaniu się rozwiązaniami IT. Autor artykułu nakreśla takie podejście do kształtowania kompetencji językowych, w którym laboratorium językowe jest uważane za sztuczne środowisko językowe. Pomoce i materiały techniczno-dydaktyczne istnieją w sferze edukacji przez długi czas. Edukacja medialna jako istotny trend w edukacji powstała w drugiej połowie XX wieku. W niniejszym artykule omówiono znaczenie odpowiedniego wykorzystania innowacji w systemie szkolnym, akcentując osobliwości i możliwości komunikacyjne nowoczesnych technologii edukacyjnych. Problem zarządzania edukacją omówiono w kontekście środowiska komputerowego. Artykuł dotyczy innowacyjnych metod nauczania języków obcych. Zwrócono uwagę na specyfikę procesu nauczania w spersonalizowanym środowisku e-learningu. Praca sugeruje kilka praktycznych podejść do wdrażania technologii informacyjnych. Artykuł podkreśla gotowość nauczyciela do korzystania z możliwości systemów komputerowych.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego; 2017, Zeszyt, XXXI; 505-511
0860-9608
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
English Spelling Among the Top Priorities in Pronunciation Teaching: Polglish Local Versus Global(ised) Errors in the Production and Perception of Words Commonly Mispronounced
Autorzy:
Nowacka, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
words commonly mispronounced
spelling-induced mispronunciations
local and global pronunciation errors
Polglish
letter-to-sound correspondence
Opis:
This paper presents the results of a questionnaire and recording-based study on production and recognition of a sample of 60 items from Sobkowiak’s (1996:294) ‘words commonly mispronounced’ by 143 first-year BA students majoring in English. 30 lexical items in each task represent 27 categories defined by Porzuczek (2015), each referring to one aspect of English phonotactics and/or spelling-phonology relations. Our aim is to provide evidence for the occurrence of local and globalised errors in Polglish speech. This experiment is intended to examine what types of errors, that is, seriously deformed words, whether avoidable, ‘either-or’ or unavoidable ones, as classified in Porzuczek (2015), are the most frequent in production and recognition of words. Our goal is to check what patterns concerning letter-to-sound relations, are not respected in the subjects’ production and recognition of an individual word and what rules should be explicitly discussed and practised in a phonetics course. The results of the study confirm the necessity for explicit instruction on the regularity rather than irregularity of English spelling in order to eradicate globalised and ‘either-or’ pronunciation errors in the speech of students. The avoidable globalised errors which have turned out to be the most numerous in a production task include such areas of English phonotactics as: the letters <-old> and , ‘mute consonant letters’, ‘isolated errors’ and two categories related to the reduction of unstressed syllables: ‘reduce the vowel in stress-adjacent syllables and in syllables following the stressed one to /ə/ or /ɪ/’ and ‘reduce <-ous>, <-age>, and <-ate> in nouns and adjectives.’ The hope is also expressed that once introducing spelling-to-sound relations becomes a routine procedure in pronunciation training, the strain on part of the students of memorizing a list of true local errors, phonetically challenging pronunciation exceptions, will be reduced to the absolute minimum.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2016, 14, 2; 123-148
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Humorous text as means for forming of linguoculturological and orphoepical competences
Гумористичний текст як засiб формування лiнгвокультурологiчноï та орфоепiчноï компетенцiй
Autorzy:
Шевченко, Мирослава
Anchimiuk, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
гумористичний текст
лiнгвокультурологiчна компетенцiя
звуковимова й iнтонацiя
humorous text
linguoculturological competence
sound pronunciation and intonation
Opis:
The researchers of pedagogical cooperation between teacher and student often notice that main difficulties arising for teachers during the teaching process are not uncommon related to authoritarian style of communication. It is especially difficult to overcome them when teaching the pronunciation. Creation of humorous situations during classes can become a step toward overcoming of such difficulties. Jokes, anecdotes, merry songs, animated cartoons and other can allow the teacher to communicate with students as with partners equal in rights and to solve given tasks successfully for forming and development of linguoculturological competence and correct Ukrainian pronunciation.
Źródło:
Studia Wschodniosłowiańskie; 2020, 20; 301-317
1642-557X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Wschodniosłowiańskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of components of vibration signal from the Hatz 1B40 engine
Autorzy:
Boruta, G.
Imiołek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
mechanics
compression-ignition (diesel) internal combustion engine
vibration and sound
engine control
Opis:
An experiment is described consisting in recording of vibration signals on the body of a HATZ 1B40 single-cylinder compression-ignition engine, applied among other things as a driving source for FOGO power generators. Characteristic time courses fragments of the recorded vibration signals were linked to occurrence of specific phenomena in the working engine and with operation of specific engine mechanisms generating these signals. Potential was found for utilization of the vibration signal recorded on the body of a HATZ 1B40 compression-ignition engine for optimization of simultaneous feeding of the engine with diesel oil and natural gas. There are potential possibility of application of a simple knock sensor from a spark-ignition engine as a component of a feeding control system of a compression-ignition engine with diesel oil and natural gas. Theoretical time course of vibration signal of the HATZ 1B40 engine, example oscilloscope trace of time courses of signals reflecting, location of mounting of the vibration acceleration sensor on the engine, allocation of the theoretical and empirical time course of the vibration signal of the HATZ 1B40 engine, example vibration signal time courses recorded at the head of an engine fed with various mixtures of air and natural gas and diesel oil with oval-marked fragments corresponding to diesel oil injection are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 45-51
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
LES ÉTUDIANTS POLONOPHONES FACE AUX VOYELLES NASALES FRANÇAISES
Polish students and French nasal vowels
Autorzy:
Gajos, Mieczysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-07-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
Tematy:
acquisition of the sound system in a foreign language
French vowels
nasal vowels in Polish and French
correct perception and articu-lation
przyswajanie fonicznego podsystemu języka obcego
francuskie samogłoski
nosówki w języku polskim i francuskim
poprawna percepcja i artykulacja
Opis:
In the process of the acquisition of the sound system of French as a foreign language, Polish students face numerous difficulties at the level of recognition, differentiation and correct production of French vowels. This is true for oral and nasal vowels. This article concentrates on nasal vowels, and its aim is to present a comparative description of nasal vowels in Polish and French, including recent changes in their production. Moreover, the paper presents the study reporting difficulty with correct perception and articulation of French nasal vowels faced by advanced Polish learners of French. While the paper does not describe corrective procedures, it indicates the necessity of undertaking further studies aiming at optimizing the process of the acquisition of the sound system in a foreign language.
Źródło:
Neofilolog; 2015, 44/1; 21-37
1429-2173
Pojawia się w:
Neofilolog
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Muzyka a cisza. O wymiarach ciszy w muzyce
Music and Silence: On the Dimensions of Silence in Music
Autorzy:
KIWAŁA, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
dźwięk, cisza, przestrzeń i czas muzyczny, semantyka muzyczna, jakości metafizyczne
sound, silence, musical space and time, musical semantics, metaphysical qualities
Opis:
Przedmiotem artykułu jest wielostronne ujęcie dialektyki ciszy i dźwięku w muzyce. Ciszę muzyczną, przejawiającą się między innymi przez pauzę, należy odróżnić zarówno od obiektywnej ciszy fizycznej (nieprzynależącej do muzyki), jak i od tak zwanej ciszy „przymuzycznej”, konstytuowanej w relacji wykonawca–odbiorca, charakterystycznej dla momentu tuż przed rozpoczęciem dzieła i tuż po jego zakończeniu. Wewnętrzna cisza dzieła muzycznego ma różne funkcje, z których na plan pierwszy wysuwa się konstrukcyjna i wyrazowa (energetyczna). Jednak cisza ta może pełnić również funkcje semantyczne i symboliczne; w wyjątkowych wypadkach mogą w oparciu o nią ukonstytuować się również Ingardenowskie jakości metafizyczne. W artykule podjęty został również problem czasoprzestrzennego charakteru muzycznej ciszy, w tym także jej istotnej roli w konstytuowaniu wrażenia głębi w muzyce. Zwieńczeniem artykułu jest krótkie rozpoznanie teologicznych i filozoficznych ujęć dialektyki muzyki i ciszy, w tym fundamentalnej dla tego problemu myśli fenomenologicznej. Egzemplifikacją podjętych interpretacji są odwołania do konkretnych koncepcji i utworów autorstwa kompozytorów dwudziestego wieku, przede wszystkim Antona Weberna, Johna Cage’a, Krzysztofa Pendereckiego, Henryka Mikołaja Góreckiego, Eugeniusza Knapika.
The subject of the article is a multidimensional approach to the dialectics of silence and sound in music. Musical silence, manifested among others by a rest (pause), should be distinguished both from objective physical silence (which is not part of music) and from the so-called ‘music related’ silence, constituted in the ‘performer–listener,’ relation characteristic of the moment just before and directly after the composition is performed. The inner silence of a musical work has many functions, of which the most important seems to be its constructional and expressional (energetic) role. However, the inner silence of a musical work may also hold semantic and symbolic functions; in exceptional situations Ingardenian metaphysical qualities may also constitute themselves on the basis of such silence. The article also discusses the space and time nature of musical silence, including its crucial role in constituting an impression of depth in music. The article concludes with a short examination of some theological and philosophical approaches to the dialectics of music and silence, including the fundamental treatment of the problem in the phenomenological thought. References to specific concepts and compositions by 20th-century composers (Anton Webern, John Cage, Krzysztof Penderecki, Henryk Mikołaj Górecki, Eugeniusz Knapik, and others) exemplify the discussed interpretations.
Źródło:
Ethos; 2016, 29, 1 (113); 65-87
0860-8024
Pojawia się w:
Ethos
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Noise vulnerability mapping using geospatial technique in part of Ibadan north east local government area
Autorzy:
Oni, Olukunle O.
Adetimirin, O. I.
Ajibade, S. A.
Kolade, K. R.
Ilesanmi, O. I.
Akinluyi, F. O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1189960.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Digital Sound Level Meter (DSLM)
Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW)
Mean Noise Level
Noise Level Point
and Sound Level for Morning
Afternoon and Evening (Lm_a_e)
Opis:
Human activity is main source of all environmental pollutions. Noise is common environmental issuesthat cannot be generated without geospatial location. It has great impact on mankind such as physical disturbance, physiological disturbance and affects human health. The aim of this research work is to identify the geospatial noise level and mapping noise vulnerability in some part of Ibadan North East Local Government Area. DSLM and GPS are used for survey method in which sixteen different location points were selected for noise vulnerability. The Mathematical Model is used to calculate Equivalent continuous sound level for morning, afternoon and evening (Lm_a_e), mean noise level for the morning, afternoon, evening and Daily Average of Noise values were generated. World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation standard was used as a standard in this research because Nigeria Noise pollution bill is still under consideration in the National Assembly. ArcGIS software was used for analysis and noise zones were carved out based on WHO yardsticks. Noise vulnerability mapping generated shown that land uses within the study area were experiencing very higher noise levels which are risky to the environment and society. Environmental agency and Government should set standard values for the noise barriers by passing the noise bill in the National Assembly assiduously and soonest.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 52; 143-161
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O magicznym czarze pewnej głoski
On the Magical Charm of One Sound
Autorzy:
Wacławek, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/784465.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
sound [č]
orthophonic games and activities
child
paidia
Opis:
The correct pronunciation of [č] sound is one of the most difficult problems in articulation that arises in the last period of speech development among children. Be it nursery rhymes or other rhymed texts, the orthophonic games and activities supposed to evoke this sound and develop articulation include the words of fairy‑tale origins; not only do they contain and exercise the aforementioned sound, but also they point to the theme that is liked and highly regarded by children. In addition to the brief analysis of this issue, the chapter presents some of the games and activities that might facilitate acquisition and processing of the correct pronunciation of the aforementioned “magical” sound.
Źródło:
Paidia i Literatura; 2019, 1; 55-67
2719-4167
Pojawia się w:
Paidia i Literatura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odstraňování vlivu velmi hlubokých a širokých nepůvodních vpichů/vrypů na jádřekovové varhanní píšťaly barokního typu na zvuk píšťaly
The elimination of impact of the deep wide unoriginal nicks/notches in the languid of the baroque type metal organ pipe on pipe sound
Autorzy:
Otčenášek, Zdeněk
Dlask, Pavel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski. Diecezjalny Instytut Muzyki Kościelnej. Katedra Muzykologii Uniwersytetu Opolskiego
Tematy:
restaurování historických varhanních píšťal
vpichy a vrypy na jádře
výměna jádra
obnova zvuku
historical organ pipe restoration
languid nicks and notches
languid replacement
sound renewal
Opis:
1. Introduction For centuries, nicks in the languid of the labial metal could be found in organ pipes throughout the world. It is one of the techniques of pipe voicing adjustment (an overview of voicing techniques see e.g. in: [www1]; [Otčenášek Z., Dlask P., Syrový V., Hruška V., Otčenášek J., 2018]). The use of nicks differs between countries, districts, organ builder schools, and also between different cultural times. In Czech historical lands, the principal pipes in baroque period were built mostly without nicking (together with the used of low air pressures in windchest). If nicks were used than they were typically slim, low deep, and sparse (from 3 to 7 at languid width). Later, in romantic time, when some baroque organs were romanticized, nicks were doubled (up to tripled) and enlarged (being deeper, broader and wedged). Nowadays, Czech historical organs can be found with original baroque pipes without any modification (original state), with the addition of unoriginal romantic nicking later added to original pipes as well as pipes presenting both types of nicks concurrently. Less often we can find an organ with the pipes where the large number of deep broad notches were made at the edge of the languid resembling the teeth on a saw. In such cases the material of the languid was partly excised, and partly pressed and displaced below both the bottom edge and over the side walls of the saw teeth. In the last decades, when historical organs have had to be restored to original stage, also restoration of original sound was required; the elimination of the unoriginal nicks influence on the sound is necessary. Since the saw notches introduce heavy damage to the languid material, their elimination is an ongoing problem yet to be solved. Nowadays, the restoration of such organ with the saw notches can be 1) kept the pipes unchanged (what gives unsatisfactory, not eliminated influence on sound) or 2) cleared away with the common technology of smoothing (proper for thin nicks (Otčenášek Z., Koukal P., Švejda M. Moravec O., Dlask P., 2014); at saw notches, however not possible to get back the excised material and to correctly move back the displaced material; consequently the languid edge stay with the ripples). The present study verified a third possibility in which a new method of replacing the damaged languid by new ones is done. Since the cutting of the languid and soldering of a replica is considered an invasive intervention, the method was experimentally verified on the copies of historical pipes with identical modifications made (the original pipe being untouched). A replica model of the historical principal metal pipe (SupOctava 2, tone d1 [Dlask P., Otčenášek Z., Kopeček Š., Vorlíček M., Koukal P., Otčenášek J., Frič M., Hruška V., 2018]) from the Jesuit church in Klatovy (Czech Republic) was used (original can be seen in top of figure Obr. 1, replicas underneath). All copies were voiced at optimal sound for the air pressure in windchest of 55 mm H2O (539 Pa). The copies had very similar sound (see spectra in figures Obr. 4). Similar results were obtained also after each modification of the pipes; therefore, only results from measurement of only one replica pipe are presented here. 2. Method Acoustical measurements were performed in anechoic room (see figure Obr. 2). The recordings (wav format) were made with 24 bit A/D conversion, sampling frequency 48 kHz. The signal of tone attack was synchronized with the opening voltage of electromagnet of air valve (0 s). The FFT of spectrograms (see figures from Obr. 13 to Obr. 16) were computed with 42,66 ms hanning time window and 2,13 ms shift. The spectra (see figures Obr. 4, Obr. 11 and Obr. 12) are the average of 60x FFT with hanning time windows 682,66 ms and 13,66 ms shift. 3. Experiment The sound recordings, the spectra analysis, and listening tests with recorded sounds were done after each step of pipe modifications. 3.1. The documentation of default manufactured pipes without nicks was the first initial step (see figures Obr. 1, Obr. 3, spectra are in Obr. 4, and spectrogram of pipe K3 in Obr. 13). The frequency of 1st harmonic fo, pipe body length, cut-up height, cut-up with, slit breadth, foot length, foot opening diameter of measured pipes are in Tab. 1 (from left to right). The pipe K4 was used as a reference (without other alterations; the K4 spectra measured in the time after each step of other pipes show the temperature and humidity influence on results and repeatability of the method used, see figure Obr. 11). 3.2. In the second step the deep breadth saw notches were created (see figure Obr. 5). The notches where not accurately the same at all pipes (figure Obr. 6) but in spectra of all pipes we observed great lowering of both high harmonics (see difference between the red and green curves in figures Obr. 12) and noises (see sound pressure levels in figure Obr. 14). 3.3. In the third step the saw notches were cleared away by the common technology of smoothing. The material overhanging the languid edge from the bottom was pushed up from bellow by the metallic rod (see figure Obr. 7 left) through pipe foot. The saw teeth were aligned by other metallic tool by pushing both the material displaced from bottom and the tips of the saw tops back inside the teeth (see figure Obr. 7 right). After this step none of the pipe languid edges was straight (see languids after smoothing in figure Obr. 8 top; and languid detail viewed from the bottom after smoothed languids were cut out in next step see in figure Obr. 8 bottom). 3.4. The last step was the replacement of the languid by a new one. The authors were not experienced with this procedure. Firstly, all labial diameters were documented. Then a cut was made with a thin saw (cut width cca 0,2 mm) at the foot close to the languid (cca 0,5 mm) (see figure Obr. 9 left). The next cut was made in the upper edging of the languid (see languid in figure Obr. 10 top). Then the potential defects at foot, labium and pipe body were cleared and an accurate copy of languid was made (without nicks and notches). The languid replica was soldered at the foot and body (see figure Obr. 10 bottom). The cutting-up process of replacing the languid slightly changes the length of pipe and fo frequency (new values see in Tab. 2 in comparison with Tab. 1). 4. Acoustical results and assessment The results of the acoustical analysis demonstrate that the creation of deep breadth saw notches at pipe languid produced major changes in the pipe’s sound and tone attack. Changes were observed in the spectra of the established tone, the sound pressure waveforms and spectrograms of the starting part of the tone (figures Obr. 12 and Obr. 14). If the lowering of higher harmonics (green in figure Obr. 12) is not compensated by increasing the air pressure in the windchest (it was compensated in the case of organ romanticized modifications), a degradation of the organ sound can be noticed. The common smoothing method gives increasing of harmonic amplitudes at maximum 1/3 of their original values and therefore is not proper for the elimination of saw notches influence on pipe sound. When the sound of a historical organ needs to be restored, the windchest air pressure will be decreased when compared to the original baroque value and therefore it must be accompanied by the removal of the unoriginal saw notches. The results verify that, if the languid replica and soldering is done properly, and the languid cutting-up is replaced with a copy without notches, the original sound can be replicated. The sound before and after the substitution of the languid is not distinguishable when listen, and the spectra and spectrograms are similar (compare red and black curves in figures Obr. 12 or figures Obr. 13 and Obr. 16). 5. Conclusion The authors are aware that the experiments were performed on new pipes in which the material was not corroded, and without damage what occasionally occur in historical organs. Therefore, the new languid cutting-up and replacing method of saw notches elimination can not be directly used on historical pipes. Additional experiments have to be carrying out in order to ascertain such possibility.
Źródło:
Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music; 2020, 3; 43-61
2657-6082
2719-3284
Pojawia się w:
Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Planowanie oświetlenia w mieście na przykładzie koncepcji oświetlenia Bulwarów Wiślanych w Krakowie
Light planning in the city on the example of lighting concept for Vistula river valley in Cracow
Autorzy:
Szwed, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/369620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
iluminacja
miasto
plan oświetlenia
planowanie
projekty
światło
światło i dźwięk
city
illumination
light
light and sound
lighting master plan
planning
project
Opis:
Praktyka dowodzi, że w krajach Europy Zachodniej tworzenie kompleksowych projektów oświetlenia miejskiego pociąga za sobą wiele pozytywnych aspektów nie tylko w dziedzinie planowania urbanistycznego, ale również ekonomicznego, socjologicznego oraz artystycznego. Efektem jest przemiana krajobrazu miejskiego, który staje się bardziej czytelny, harmonijny, przyjazny mieszkańcom oraz turystom. Nowy obraz miasta podkreśla walory miejscowości, w której łatwiej się poruszać i ciekawiej jest żyć nie tylko w porze dziennej, ale również wieczornej i nocnej.
The practise proves that creating city lighting master plans in Western Europe implies numerous good aspects, not only in the field of urban planning, but also in economic, sociological and artistic one. It results in transformation of the city landscape, which becomes more legible, harmonious and residents and tourists friendly. The new town's image has been designed to point advantages of the place, in which you can move around easily and where you can live in a more attractive way, not only during a day, but also in the evening and at night.
Źródło:
Przestrzeń i Forma; 2010, 14; 295-310
1895-3247
2391-7725
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzeń i Forma
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Proposal of the sound insulating measures for a vibrational sorter and verification of the measured effectiveness
Autorzy:
Liptai, P.
Moravec, M.
Lumnitzer, E.
Gergeľová, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
sound insulating measures
vibrational sorter
noise visualization
analysis and measurements
Opis:
The paper describes a specific design of the sound insulating enclosure of a vibrating sorter. Recycling aspects have been taken into account when designing the enclosure, because recycled foam has been applied as a sound-absorbing material. An acoustic camera was used to measure, analyze, evaluate and to localise and identify sound sources. The visualization method was used to locate the critical locations of the device and then quantify them. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed enclosure, the measurements of the sound parameters were performed before and after the realization soundproofing measure. The measured results show the requested efficiency of the sound insulating enclosure in terms of noise reduction as well as dust near the sorter.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2017, 11, 3; 196-203
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemiany języka muzyki – hałas jako norma estetyczna XX wieku
Autorzy:
Kopčáková, Slávka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131558.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
Audial culture
Musical culture
Aesthetics of Music
Tone
Sound
Noise and Silence
Opis:
In the course of 20th century, aestheticians of music considered not only increasing difference between art music and popular music but also the opposite processes. The languages of both spheres started to be overlapping so much that to tag whatever musical expression had lost its importance. The typical feature of some contemporary musical expressions or recent avant-garde works of art is its noise attribute. We mean tolerance for presence of noise sound includ-ing high intensity noise. In the contribution we consider the changes of musical phenomena, simultaneously respecting the fact that in the sound democracy” of the 20th century almost every sound is able to be employed. The purpose is to extend the potential aesthetic qualities of music.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2015, 2(17); 53-62
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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