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Tytuł:
Fast Determination of Similarity Between Two Vectors by Means of Analog CMOS Technique
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hardware signal processing
fast Euclidean distance calculation
analog CMOS circuits
Opis:
In this paper, an analog approach to determining a resemblance between two multidimensional vectors is proposed. As the resemblance measure, Euclidean distance is used. The main advantage of the presented method is a very high speed of the Euclidean-distance-measure calculations. The achieved high speed results from the fact that most of arithmetic operations needed to realize the calculations are carried out in parallel. This concerns the required operations of squaring a difference of two corresponding components of the compared vectors. Operating in a transconductane mode (voltage difference squaring transconductors) and a current mode (output square-root extracting circuit), our CMOS circuit is power saving. Its low-power operation results from the fact that sub-circuits of our calculator responsible for the squaring operations (a great number of them in case of large multidimensional vectors) consume no power in the absence of input signals. This takes place when corresponding components of the compared vectors are both equal to zero. The circuit also consumes a reasonably low amount of energy when processing (comparing) a different from zero input data (corresponding vector components). A simplified description of the applied differential squaring transconductors as well as the output current-mode square-root extraction circuit is given and a problem of good cooperation between them is discussed and proper solutions indicated. SPICE simulation results are shown to be in a good agreement with the theory presented.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2010, 56, 4; 417-422
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Power-saving voltage-to-current conversion with the use of CMOS differential amplifier
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
analog signal processing
differential amplifier
CMOS electronics
low-power analog circuits
analogowe przetwarzanie sygnałów
wzmacniacz różnicowy
CMOS
obwody niskiego napięcia
Opis:
Differential amplifiers are well known as input stage preamplifiers. This is because they exhibit the ability to reduce unwanted common-mode effects considerably. As a consequence, both noise and input signal of the amplifier can have low values. Proper operation of differential amplifiers is possible when implemented in chip form. For typical use of such CMOS amplifiers, input signals are delivered to differential-pair gate-terminals while tail terminal is used to ensure the required bias of the pair. The paper shows that the roles of gates and tail terminal can be changed. In other words, the tail current can be used as input signal while the gate ones as voltages controlling the amplifier gain. This enables to combine the achievable low noise with power efficient operation of the circuit. Necessary conditions for that are discussed in this paper. Suitability of atypically used differential amplifiers for voltage-to-current conversion is explained. Two examples of CMOS circuits implementing power economic conversion of this type are presented.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2015, 6, 3; 96-101
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Upgraded low voltage analog Current-to-Voltage converter with negative feedback
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
analog signal processing
current-to-voltage converters
feedback theory
analog CMOS electronics
analogowe przetwarzanie sygnałów
przetworniki prądowo-napięciowe
teoria sprzężenia zwrotnego
CMOS
Opis:
In this paper, an improved version of a current to voltage (C-V) converter is proposed. As compared to the previous version, the number of used transistors has been reduced by 1 and equals 7. The main results of this change are: an improvement of the circuit transfer function linearity, reduction the converter input resistance and decrease of the required supply voltage. Improvements in the considered converter results not only from the reduction of the number of the used transistors but also from the proposed realization of the feedback loop. In this way, it was possibly to get a strong loop gain. As a results, the achieved minimum supply voltage has been reduces from 2V, in case of the previous published converter version, to as low level as 1.2 V, in the case of the newly proposed solution. As for the linearity of the C-V transfer function, apart from its strong loop gain, an important role play also output transistors operating in a small drain to source region (linear region). Working in this region, one obtains a quasi linear voltage to current relationship. The theoretical and simulation results are in a good agreement and are promising.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2017, 8, 2; 80-84
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Versatile low-output-resistance low-voltage current-to-voltage analog converter
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
CMOS analog integrated circuits
low-voltage signal processing
current to voltage conversion
transresistor
układy analogowe CMOS
układy scalone CMOS
przetwarzanie sygnałów
konwersja prąd na napięcie
transrezystor
Opis:
The paper presents a simple low-voltage transresistor attractive for on-chip analog-signal-processing. The proposed circuit offers not only an almost rail-to-rail operation and quite good linearity of DC transfer characteristic but also reasonably low value of its output resistance. This enables a voltage mode operation even if the transresistor is loaded by a not necessarily very high loading resistance. The obtained result is due to adding to the transresistor-input-stage a simple rail-to-rail voltage follower. The presented solution is an original proposal of the author. Input stage of the transresistor is built of only 4 MOS transistors and creates a simple quasi-linear current-to-voltage convertor. Output stage of it is built of 9 MOS transistors, plays a role of a very precise atypical voltage follower. In respect of simplicity and headroom, the proposed follower is better than conventional OA-based voltage followers. Preliminary simulation results are in a good agreement with the theory presented.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2016, 7, 2; 73-78
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyfrowy obraz rzeczywistości analogowej – ćwiczenie laboratoryjne z informatyki użytkowej
Digital Image of Analog Reality – Laboratory Practice in Computer Science
Autorzy:
WIJATA, Agata M.
MITAS, Andrzej W.
BIEŃKOWSKA, Maria J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/456156.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
sygnał analogowy
sygnał cyfrowy
próbkowanie
A/C
karta dźwiękowa
analog signal,
digital signal,
sampling,
A/D,
sound card
Opis:
Zagadnienie cyfrowej jakości dźwięku i obrazu jest związane przede wszystkim z parametrami przetwarzania analogowo-cyfrowego wymagającego czytelnej ekspozycji. W artykule zaprezentowano opis ćwiczenia laboratoryjnego możliwego do wykonania w praktyce szkoły ponadpodstawowej, mającego na celu ocenę wpływu częstotliwości próbkowania na jakość dźwięku.
The issue of digital sound and picture quality is associated primarily with the parameters of the analog conversion, which requires clear exposure. The article presents a description of laboratory exercises that can be performed practically in secondary school. Aim of the exercise is the evaluation of the impact of the sampling frequency for audio quality.
Źródło:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2015, 6, 3; 147-152
2080-9069
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Basic solutions for a program system for dynamic systems simulation
Autorzy:
Timofeev, A. O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
dynamic system simulation
creating interactive applications
Amethyst program system
calculating the component state
decentralized processing the signal delays
filtering
analog objects simulating
Opis:
The article presents basic solutions of the Amethyst program system. The system generates interactive applications for simulating complex dynamic systems. The method of presenting the information about the state of the simulated objects and method of calculating the component state are proposed. Method of decentralized processing the signal delays and filtering is discussed. Method of analog objects simulating is proposed. The article presents examples of projects produced for C++ Builder, Visual C++ and Visual Basic 2005 environment projects. The executable times of simulation are compared for the above mentioned environment applications.
Źródło:
Studia Informatica : systems and information technology; 2006, 1(7); 255-263
1731-2264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Informatica : systems and information technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metal detector excited by frequency-swept signal
Autorzy:
Svatoš, J.
Vedral, J.
Fexa, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221024.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metal detection
polyharmonic signals
Frequency Sweep
modelling of electromagnetic induction
analog signal processing
Opis:
This paper describes the theoretical background of electromagnetic induction from metal objects modelling. The response function of a specific case of object shape - a homogenous sphere from ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic material is introduced. Experimental data measured by a metal detector excited with a linearly frequency-swept signal are presented. As a testing target various spheres from different materials and sizes were used. These results should lead to better identification of the buried object.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 1; 57-67
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wavelet energy-based mahalanobis distance metric for testing analog and mixed-signal circuits
Autorzy:
Spyronasios, A. D.
Dimopoulos, M. G.
Hatzopoulos, A. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398112.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
analogowy i mieszany test sygnału
test obwodu
falki
odległość Mahalanobisa
Analog and Mixed-Signal Testing
Circuit Test
wavelets
Mahalanobis distance
Opis:
In this paper a test method based on the wavelet transformation of the measured signal, be it supply current (Ips) or output voltage (Vout) waveform, is presented. In the wavelet analysis, a Mahalanobis distance test metric is introduced utilizing information from the wavelet energies of the first decomposition level of the measured signal. The tolerance limit for the good circuit is set by statistical processing data obtained from the fault-free circuit. Simulation comparative results on benchmark circuits for testing both hard faults and parametric faults are presented showing the effectiveness of the proposed testing scheme.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2010, 1, 2; 218-224
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quick-response protection system against electric shock in distributed generation systems
Autorzy:
Shkrabets, Fedir
Plaksin, Sergej
Ostapchuk, Oleksandr
Kuznetsov, Valeriy
Tymchenko, Irina
Muntian, Antonina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1840853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
electric networks
protection
reliability
ground fault current
electrical safety
protection against electric shock
signal processing system
analog filtering
sieci elektryczne
ochrona
niezawodność
bezpieczeństwo elektryczne
ochrona przeciwporażeniowa
system przetwarzania sygnału
filtracja analogowa
Opis:
The peculiarities of the operation of distributed generation systems lead to a change in the requirements for the reliability and safety of the power distribution systems in which they are integrated. To meet the increased requirements, continuous monitoring of the insulation parameters (active resistance and capacitance to ground) is often used with operating artificial non-industrial frequency operational signals introduced into the network. In the case of a sudden touch, such a system is not effective, since the response time of the protection device, which consists of the signal processing time and the operating of the actuator, is crucially important. For the used operational signals with a frequency of 100 and 200 Hz, the processing time using the Fourier transform is 10 ms for 100 Hz and 5 ms for 200 Hz. Considering that the response time of the fastest actuators (based on vacuum switches) is from 3 to 7 ms, this is a rather significant period of time. To develop an effective resolver system, the capabilities of the Matlab environment were used to determine the most successful design of an analog prototype (Butterworth, Bessel, Chebyshev and Cauer of 6th order) for an operational signal with a frequency of 200 Hz. As a result, the processing time was established, which varies widely from 3.5 to 19 ms. Taking into account the known indicators, namely the frequency and number of operational signals, a signal processing system was developed using the vector-matrix analysis method. As a result of modeling the processing characteristics of functional signals (at a sampling rate of 1 kHz), the system quick-response was 3 ms, with the possibility of its further decrease as its productiveness increases.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2021, 22, 3; 59-65
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quick-response protection system against electric shock in distributed generation systems
Autorzy:
Shkrabets, Fedir
Plaksin, Sergej
Ostapchuk, Oleksandr
Kuznetsov, Valeriy
Tymchenko, Irina
Muntian, Antonina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1840876.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
electric networks
protection
reliability
ground fault current
electrical safety
protection against electric shock
signal processing system
analog filtering
sieci elektryczne
ochrona
niezawodność
bezpieczeństwo elektryczne
ochrona przeciwporażeniowa
system przetwarzania sygnału
filtracja analogowa
Opis:
The peculiarities of the operation of distributed generation systems lead to a change in the requirements for the reliability and safety of the power distribution systems in which they are integrated. To meet the increased requirements, continuous monitoring of the insulation parameters (active resistance and capacitance to ground) is often used with operating artificial non-industrial frequency operational signals introduced into the network. In the case of a sudden touch, such a system is not effective, since the response time of the protection device, which consists of the signal processing time and the operating of the actuator, is crucially important. For the used operational signals with a frequency of 100 and 200 Hz, the processing time using the Fourier transform is 10 ms for 100 Hz and 5 ms for 200 Hz. Considering that the response time of the fastest actuators (based on vacuum switches) is from 3 to 7 ms, this is a rather significant period of time. To develop an effective resolver system, the capabilities of the Matlab environment were used to determine the most successful design of an analog prototype (Butterworth, Bessel, Chebyshev and Cauer of 6th order) for an operational signal with a frequency of 200 Hz. As a result, the processing time was established, which varies widely from 3.5 to 19 ms. Taking into account the known indicators, namely the frequency and number of operational signals, a signal processing system was developed using the vector-matrix analysis method. As a result of modeling the processing characteristics of functional signals (at a sampling rate of 1 kHz), the system quick-response was 3 ms, with the possibility of its further decrease as its productiveness increases.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2021, 22, 3; 59-65
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analytical synthesis of parameter-varying filter of constant component with application to switching systems
Autorzy:
Piskorowski, J.
Kaszyński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221736.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
data acquisition
analog signal processing
transient behavior
dynamics
switching systems
linear parameter-varying technique (LPV)
linear time-varying systems (LTV)
Opis:
In this paper, we propose a concept of a continuous-time filter of constant component that exhibits a very short response in the time domain if compared to the traditional time-invariant filter. The improvement of the filter dynamics was achieved as a result of the time-varying parameters which were introduced to the filter structure. Such a designed filter is then applied in a system which switches many distorted signals which should be filtered as fast as possible. The paper is of review nature and presents both a theoretical background of the proposed filter and the results of simulations.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 3; 471-480
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effective Filtering in Signal Multiplexing Systems
Efektywna filtracja w systemach multipleksowania sygnałów
Autorzy:
Piskorowski, J.
Kaszyński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/157015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
przetwarzanie sygnałów
akwizycja danych
multiplekser analogowy
układy o zmiennych parametrach
filtr składowej stałej
signal processing
data aquisition
analog multiplexer
time-varying systems
filter of constant component
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia nową koncepcję filtru składowej stałej o zmiennych parametrach, który charakteryzuje się bardzo krótką odpowiedzią w dziedzinie czasu, nie wykazując przy tym istotnych zaburzeń filtrowanych sygnałów w dziedzinie częstotliwości. Zaprojektowany filtr wykorzystano w procesie multipleksowania silnie zaszumionych sygnałów, co pozwoliło na zaprezentowanie zalet zaproponowanego układu. W celu przedstawienia korzyści z wprowadzenia do struktury filtru zmiennych w czasie parametrów porównano jego właściwości z klasycznym układem o stałych współczynnikach.
In this article, we propose a novel concept of a continuous-time time-varying filter of constant component that exhibits a very short response in the time domain without significant distortions in the frequency domain. Such a designed filter is then applied in the system containing analog multiplexer, where it is able to reveal its advantageous properties. Results verifying the effectiveness of the proposed approach are presented and compared to the traditional filters.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2007, R. 53, nr 6, 6; 42-45
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analog Reconfirable Circuits
Autorzy:
Malcher, A.
Falkowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
analog signal processing
configurable analog block
CAB
dynamic reconfiguration
field programmable analog array
FPAA
switched capacitor circuits
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present an overview of a new branch of analog electronics represented by analog reconfigurable circuits. The reconfiguration of analog circuits has been known and used since the beginnings of electronics, but the universal reconfigurable circuits called Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) have been developed over the last two decades. This paper presents the classification of analog circuit reconfiguration, examples of FPAA solutions obtained as academic projects and commercially available ones, as well as some application examples of the dynamic reconfiguration of FPAA.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2014, 60, 1; 15-26
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calibration of a mixed-signal power network transient stability analysis emulator
Autorzy:
Lanz, G
Fabre, L.
Lilis, G
Kyriakidis, T
Sallin, D
Cherkaoui, R.
Kayal, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
analog computer
calibration
field programmable gate array (FPGA)
FPGA
mixed signal
power system dynamics
komputer analogowy
kalibracja
field-programmable gate array
sygnał mieszany
dynamika systemu elektroenergetycznego
Opis:
The emerging field of power system emulation for real time smart grid management is very demanding in terms of speed and accuracy. This paper provides detailed information about the electronics calibration process of a high-speed power network emulator dedicated to the transient stability analysis of power systems. This emulator uses mixed-signal hardware to model the dynamic behavior of a power network. Special design allows the self-calibration of the analog electronics through successive measurements and correction steps. The calibration operation guarantees high resolution of the transient stability analysis results, so that they can be reliably used for operational planning and control on real power networks.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2013, 4, 4; 142-147
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sampling Jitter in Audio A/D Converters
Autorzy:
Kulka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
analog-to-digital converter
ADC
successive approximation register (SAR)
sigma-delta ADC
sample-and-hold circuit
DT sigma delta modulator
CT sigma delta modulator
time jitter
aperture jitter
clock jitter
periodic clock jitter
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Opis:
This paper provides an overview of the effects of timing jitter in audio sampling analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), i.e. PCM (conventional or Nyquist sampling) ADCs and sigma-delta (ΣΔ) ADCs. Jitter in a digital audio is often defined as short- term fluctuations of the sampling instants of a digital signal from their ideal positions in time. The influence of the jitter increases particularly with the improvements in both resolution and sampling rate of today’s audio ADCs. At higher frequencies of the input signals the sampling jitter becomes a dominant factor in limiting the ADCs performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range (DR).
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2011, 36, 4; 831-849
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 20

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