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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 20
Tytuł:
Highlighting Problems Occurring in Analysis of Critical Sampling of Cosinusoidal Signal
Autorzy:
Borys, A.
Korohoda, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
cosinusoidal signal
signal processing
signal spectrum
critical samplinga
analog signal
Opis:
When the sampling of an analog signal uses the sampling rate equal to exactly twice the value of a maximal frequency occurring in the signal spectrum, it is called a critical one. As known from the literature, this kind of sampling can be ambiguous in the sense that the reconstructed signal from the samples obtained by criti-cal sampling is not unique. For example, such is the case of sampling of a cosinusoidal signal of any phase. In this paper, we explain in very detail the reasons of this behavior. Furthermore, it is also shown here that manipulating values of the coefficients of the transfer function of an ideal rectangular reconstruction filter at the transition edges from its zero to non-zero values, and vice versa, does not eliminate the ambiguity mentioned above.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 3; 729-736
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analog Reconfirable Circuits
Autorzy:
Malcher, A.
Falkowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
analog signal processing
configurable analog block
CAB
dynamic reconfiguration
field programmable analog array
FPAA
switched capacitor circuits
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present an overview of a new branch of analog electronics represented by analog reconfigurable circuits. The reconfiguration of analog circuits has been known and used since the beginnings of electronics, but the universal reconfigurable circuits called Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) have been developed over the last two decades. This paper presents the classification of analog circuit reconfiguration, examples of FPAA solutions obtained as academic projects and commercially available ones, as well as some application examples of the dynamic reconfiguration of FPAA.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2014, 60, 1; 15-26
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metal detector excited by frequency-swept signal
Autorzy:
Svatoš, J.
Vedral, J.
Fexa, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221024.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metal detection
polyharmonic signals
Frequency Sweep
modelling of electromagnetic induction
analog signal processing
Opis:
This paper describes the theoretical background of electromagnetic induction from metal objects modelling. The response function of a specific case of object shape - a homogenous sphere from ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic material is introduced. Experimental data measured by a metal detector excited with a linearly frequency-swept signal are presented. As a testing target various spheres from different materials and sizes were used. These results should lead to better identification of the buried object.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 1; 57-67
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyfrowy obraz rzeczywistości analogowej – ćwiczenie laboratoryjne z informatyki użytkowej
Digital Image of Analog Reality – Laboratory Practice in Computer Science
Autorzy:
WIJATA, Agata M.
MITAS, Andrzej W.
BIEŃKOWSKA, Maria J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/456156.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
sygnał analogowy
sygnał cyfrowy
próbkowanie
A/C
karta dźwiękowa
analog signal,
digital signal,
sampling,
A/D,
sound card
Opis:
Zagadnienie cyfrowej jakości dźwięku i obrazu jest związane przede wszystkim z parametrami przetwarzania analogowo-cyfrowego wymagającego czytelnej ekspozycji. W artykule zaprezentowano opis ćwiczenia laboratoryjnego możliwego do wykonania w praktyce szkoły ponadpodstawowej, mającego na celu ocenę wpływu częstotliwości próbkowania na jakość dźwięku.
The issue of digital sound and picture quality is associated primarily with the parameters of the analog conversion, which requires clear exposure. The article presents a description of laboratory exercises that can be performed practically in secondary school. Aim of the exercise is the evaluation of the impact of the sampling frequency for audio quality.
Źródło:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2015, 6, 3; 147-152
2080-9069
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Power-saving voltage-to-current conversion with the use of CMOS differential amplifier
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
analog signal processing
differential amplifier
CMOS electronics
low-power analog circuits
analogowe przetwarzanie sygnałów
wzmacniacz różnicowy
CMOS
obwody niskiego napięcia
Opis:
Differential amplifiers are well known as input stage preamplifiers. This is because they exhibit the ability to reduce unwanted common-mode effects considerably. As a consequence, both noise and input signal of the amplifier can have low values. Proper operation of differential amplifiers is possible when implemented in chip form. For typical use of such CMOS amplifiers, input signals are delivered to differential-pair gate-terminals while tail terminal is used to ensure the required bias of the pair. The paper shows that the roles of gates and tail terminal can be changed. In other words, the tail current can be used as input signal while the gate ones as voltages controlling the amplifier gain. This enables to combine the achievable low noise with power efficient operation of the circuit. Necessary conditions for that are discussed in this paper. Suitability of atypically used differential amplifiers for voltage-to-current conversion is explained. Two examples of CMOS circuits implementing power economic conversion of this type are presented.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2015, 6, 3; 96-101
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Upgraded low voltage analog Current-to-Voltage converter with negative feedback
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
analog signal processing
current-to-voltage converters
feedback theory
analog CMOS electronics
analogowe przetwarzanie sygnałów
przetworniki prądowo-napięciowe
teoria sprzężenia zwrotnego
CMOS
Opis:
In this paper, an improved version of a current to voltage (C-V) converter is proposed. As compared to the previous version, the number of used transistors has been reduced by 1 and equals 7. The main results of this change are: an improvement of the circuit transfer function linearity, reduction the converter input resistance and decrease of the required supply voltage. Improvements in the considered converter results not only from the reduction of the number of the used transistors but also from the proposed realization of the feedback loop. In this way, it was possibly to get a strong loop gain. As a results, the achieved minimum supply voltage has been reduces from 2V, in case of the previous published converter version, to as low level as 1.2 V, in the case of the newly proposed solution. As for the linearity of the C-V transfer function, apart from its strong loop gain, an important role play also output transistors operating in a small drain to source region (linear region). Working in this region, one obtains a quasi linear voltage to current relationship. The theoretical and simulation results are in a good agreement and are promising.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2017, 8, 2; 80-84
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analytical synthesis of parameter-varying filter of constant component with application to switching systems
Autorzy:
Piskorowski, J.
Kaszyński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221736.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
data acquisition
analog signal processing
transient behavior
dynamics
switching systems
linear parameter-varying technique (LPV)
linear time-varying systems (LTV)
Opis:
In this paper, we propose a concept of a continuous-time filter of constant component that exhibits a very short response in the time domain if compared to the traditional time-invariant filter. The improvement of the filter dynamics was achieved as a result of the time-varying parameters which were introduced to the filter structure. Such a designed filter is then applied in a system which switches many distorted signals which should be filtered as fast as possible. The paper is of review nature and presents both a theoretical background of the proposed filter and the results of simulations.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 3; 471-480
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wavelet energy-based mahalanobis distance metric for testing analog and mixed-signal circuits
Autorzy:
Spyronasios, A. D.
Dimopoulos, M. G.
Hatzopoulos, A. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398112.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
analogowy i mieszany test sygnału
test obwodu
falki
odległość Mahalanobisa
Analog and Mixed-Signal Testing
Circuit Test
wavelets
Mahalanobis distance
Opis:
In this paper a test method based on the wavelet transformation of the measured signal, be it supply current (Ips) or output voltage (Vout) waveform, is presented. In the wavelet analysis, a Mahalanobis distance test metric is introduced utilizing information from the wavelet energies of the first decomposition level of the measured signal. The tolerance limit for the good circuit is set by statistical processing data obtained from the fault-free circuit. Simulation comparative results on benchmark circuits for testing both hard faults and parametric faults are presented showing the effectiveness of the proposed testing scheme.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2010, 1, 2; 218-224
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Input signal conditioning circuits for precision SAR analog to digital converters
Autorzy:
Barwinek, W.
Kampik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
SAR analog to digital converter
signal conditioning
amplifier
Opis:
The paper presents a review of the known signal conditioning circuits that may be used as a front-end of precision high-resolution successive-approximation register (SAR) analog to digital converters (ADC). The review was created while searching for the optimal signal conditioning circuit to be used with a high-resolution SAR ADC applied in a precise sampler for voltage, power, energy and impedance metrology applications.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2016, 62, 4; 129-131
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fast Determination of Similarity Between Two Vectors by Means of Analog CMOS Technique
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hardware signal processing
fast Euclidean distance calculation
analog CMOS circuits
Opis:
In this paper, an analog approach to determining a resemblance between two multidimensional vectors is proposed. As the resemblance measure, Euclidean distance is used. The main advantage of the presented method is a very high speed of the Euclidean-distance-measure calculations. The achieved high speed results from the fact that most of arithmetic operations needed to realize the calculations are carried out in parallel. This concerns the required operations of squaring a difference of two corresponding components of the compared vectors. Operating in a transconductane mode (voltage difference squaring transconductors) and a current mode (output square-root extracting circuit), our CMOS circuit is power saving. Its low-power operation results from the fact that sub-circuits of our calculator responsible for the squaring operations (a great number of them in case of large multidimensional vectors) consume no power in the absence of input signals. This takes place when corresponding components of the compared vectors are both equal to zero. The circuit also consumes a reasonably low amount of energy when processing (comparing) a different from zero input data (corresponding vector components). A simplified description of the applied differential squaring transconductors as well as the output current-mode square-root extraction circuit is given and a problem of good cooperation between them is discussed and proper solutions indicated. SPICE simulation results are shown to be in a good agreement with the theory presented.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2010, 56, 4; 417-422
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the FPAA to Sample Input Signal for Laboratory Exercise: Pulse Amplitude Modulation
Autorzy:
Grzechca, Damian
Chruszczyk, Lukas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227335.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
field programmable analog array (FPAA)
signal processing
pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)
student laboratory
Opis:
This paper presents exemplary exercise on the fundamentals of signal processing course which is offered for second year bachelor level students. Application of Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) exercise is described with signal processing laboratory. There are presented two methods for implementing PAM modulation and demodulation technique in FPAA module. Example configuration files are available form Authors’ web site.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 1; 25-28
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DAC testing using modulated signals
Autorzy:
Fexa, P.
Verdal, J.
Svatoš, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
digital-to-analog converter
ENOB
Signal-to-noise and distortion - SINAD
FFT analysis
Crest Factor (CF)
Opis:
This document analyses qualities of methods used for testing dynamical parameters of Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) using a multi-frequency signal. As the source for these signals, Amplitude Modulated (AM) and Frequency Modulated (FM) signals are used. These signals are often used in radio engineering. Results of the tests, like Effective Number of Bits (ENOB), Signal-to-Noise and Distortion (SINAD), are evaluated in the frequency domain and they are compared with standard results of Sine Wave FFT test methods. The aim of this research is firstly to test whether it is possible to test a DAC using modulated signals, secondly to reduce testing time, while estimating band performance of DAC.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 2; 283-293
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oszacowanie stosunku sygnału do szumu w asynchronicznych przetwornikach analogowo-cyfrowych
Signal-to-Noise Ratio for asynchronous analog-to-digital converters
Autorzy:
Jabłeka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/156639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
przetworniki analogowo-cyfrowe
stosunek sygnału do szumu
próbkowanie
kwantyzacja
analog-to-digital converters
signal-to-noise ratio
sampling
quantization
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono porównanie współczynnika stosunku sygnału do szumu (SNR) dla synchronicznych oraz asynchronicznych przetworników analogowo-cyfrowych. Badania wykonano dla trzech modeli stochastycznych sygnałów wejściowych o rozkładach Gaussa, równomiernym oraz sygnału sinusoidalnego. Oszacowano spadek wartości współczynnika SNR dla asynchronicznego przetwornika analogowo-cyfrowego typu Sigma-Delta w porównaniu z klasycznym przetwornikiem synchronicznym, wywołany odpowiednio nieliniowością bloku próbkującego (-10dB) oraz niejednoznacznością procesu kwantyzacji (-3dB).
This paper shows the difference between the SNR level for classical synchronous analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and asynchronous Sigma-Delta analog-to-digital converters (ASD ADC) (Fig. 2) [4, 5]. Simulative evaluation shows that the conversion quality for ASD ADCs is about 2 bit worse than for classical synchronous ADCs (Tabs. 1 and 2). The reason for such a difference is firstly the nonlinearity of an ASD ADC sampling block (ASDM) (-10dB in SNR value) and secondly the quantization noise whose variance value is two times bigger than in case of classical ADCs ( 3dB in SNR). Such big quantization noise is caused by the need of measuring the time position of two independent pulse edges with uniform probability density function (pdf) for the quantization error [8]. The difference for these two measurements yields a triangular distribution which overlaps consecutive quantization intervals (Fig. 1b) and is the source of uncertainty of the digital word at the ASD ADC output [8]. Simulations were performed for four configurations of sampling and quantization blocks, the classical ADC and three other sets of linear/nonlinear sampling blocks and certain/uncertain quantization blocks. Such simulation methodology shows the influence of properties of each element of the signal path in the ASD-ADC on the quantization noise pdf (Fig. 3). The SNR is evaluated for three stochastic models of input signals: Gauss, uniform and sinusoidal signal. Comparison requires assuming the proper amplitude and frequency domain, because of balance between the dynamic range and bandwidth of the ASD ADC.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2011, R. 57, nr 1, 1; 30-32
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Basic solutions for a program system for dynamic systems simulation
Autorzy:
Timofeev, A. O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
dynamic system simulation
creating interactive applications
Amethyst program system
calculating the component state
decentralized processing the signal delays
filtering
analog objects simulating
Opis:
The article presents basic solutions of the Amethyst program system. The system generates interactive applications for simulating complex dynamic systems. The method of presenting the information about the state of the simulated objects and method of calculating the component state are proposed. Method of decentralized processing the signal delays and filtering is discussed. Method of analog objects simulating is proposed. The article presents examples of projects produced for C++ Builder, Visual C++ and Visual Basic 2005 environment projects. The executable times of simulation are compared for the above mentioned environment applications.
Źródło:
Studia Informatica : systems and information technology; 2006, 1(7); 255-263
1731-2264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Informatica : systems and information technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Versatile low-output-resistance low-voltage current-to-voltage analog converter
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
CMOS analog integrated circuits
low-voltage signal processing
current to voltage conversion
transresistor
układy analogowe CMOS
układy scalone CMOS
przetwarzanie sygnałów
konwersja prąd na napięcie
transrezystor
Opis:
The paper presents a simple low-voltage transresistor attractive for on-chip analog-signal-processing. The proposed circuit offers not only an almost rail-to-rail operation and quite good linearity of DC transfer characteristic but also reasonably low value of its output resistance. This enables a voltage mode operation even if the transresistor is loaded by a not necessarily very high loading resistance. The obtained result is due to adding to the transresistor-input-stage a simple rail-to-rail voltage follower. The presented solution is an original proposal of the author. Input stage of the transresistor is built of only 4 MOS transistors and creates a simple quasi-linear current-to-voltage convertor. Output stage of it is built of 9 MOS transistors, plays a role of a very precise atypical voltage follower. In respect of simplicity and headroom, the proposed follower is better than conventional OA-based voltage followers. Preliminary simulation results are in a good agreement with the theory presented.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2016, 7, 2; 73-78
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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