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    Tytuł:
    Health risk assessment related to hydrogen peroxide presence in the workplace atmosphere – analytical methods evaluation for an innovative monitoring protocol
    Autorzy:
    Mucci, Nicola
    Dugheri, Stefano
    Bonari, Alessandro
    Farioli, Andrea
    Rapisarda, Venerando
    Garzaro, Giacomo
    Cappelli, Giovanni
    Arcangeli, Giulio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-13
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    environmental monitoring
    occupational medicine
    hydrogen peroxide
    exposure scenario
    airborne exposure
    electrochemical sensor
    Opis:
    ObjectivesHydrogen peroxide (HP) accounts for 15% of the total global chemical revenue. According to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, the HP concentration immediately dangerous to human life or health is 75 ppm. Operators exposed to HP should pay attention when choosing the monitoring technique that should be specific and sensitive enough to discriminate the exposure levels from background concentrations. In order to assess the long- and short-term exposure to HP in disinfection processes, the authors compared 6 industrial hygiene monitoring methods to evaluate their efficiency in measuring airborne HP concentrations.Material and MethodsAirborne HP concentrations were evaluated using an on-fiber triphenylphosphine solid-phase microextraction method, and they were compared with those obtained using a 13-mm Swinnex titanium oxysulfate filter holder and 4 portable direct-reading electrochemical sensors. A survey carried out in wood pulp bleaching, food and beverage disinfection processing, and in a hospital department to reduce the risk of spreading nosocomial infections, was performed during routine operations to access the risk of HP occupational exposure.ResultsThrough the generation of HP gaseous dynamic atmospheres (0.1–85 ppm), the authors evaluated the consistency of the results obtained using the 6 methods described. The monitoring campaigns showed that the increase in HP could be relatively high (until 67 ppm) in food and beverage processing.ConclusionsIn the authors’ opinion, the current 8-h time-weighted average limits of 1 ppm for HP do not reflect the actual risk; a short-term exposure limit would, therefore, provide a much better protection.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 2; 137-150
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Occupational exposure level of pig facility workers to chemical and biological pollutants
    Autorzy:
    Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska, A.
    Tymczyna, L.
    Pyrz, M.
    Trawińska, B.
    Abramczyk, K.
    Dobrowolska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081683.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    environmental exposure
    airborne contaminant
    pig facility
    Opis:
    Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a fattening season on the level of airborne chemical and microbial pollutants in the pig fattening house. Materials and method. Evaluation of the air composition as well as the microbiological air quality were made during 2 series, i.e. in the summer and winter period of fattening. Airborne gaseous pollutants were analyzed by gas (organic compounds) and liquid (inorganic compounds) chromatography methods. Air microbial contamination was determined in compliance with the Polish Standard PN-EN 13098:2007. Results. The air/gas composition in the pig unit showed that irrespective of the fattening season, the level of determined pollutants – especially ammonia, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including methanethiol and total dust – could have an adverse effect on the health of swine facility workers. The investigated pig building was found to be a source of chemical pollutants as well as biological agents. The total bacterial count in 1 m3 of air was 3.6×106 and 4.6×106 cfu, during the winter and summer periods of fattening, respectively. Gram-positive cocci predominated in both seasons. In the winter, fungi of the Trichoderma genus were represented equally often. In the summer period, up to 90% of the isolated fungus was Aspergillus spp. Conclusions. Workers engaged in swine rearing and production are occupationally exposed not only to a high concentration of microbial contamination, but also to irritating and odorogenous volatile compounds. Thus, activities directed at the promotion of health prevention strategies, as well as effective guidelines for safe and hygienic animal housing, should be implemented.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2018, 25, 2; 262-267
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Airborne peptidoglycans as a supporting indicator of bacterial contamination in a metal processing plant
    Autorzy:
    Cyprowski, Marcin
    Ławniczek-Wałczyk, Anna
    Górny, Rafał L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-09
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    metalworking fluids
    peptidoglycans
    endotoxins
    exposure assessment
    size distribution
    airborne bacteria
    Opis:
    Objectives The aim of this study was to assess exposure to airborne endotoxins and peptidoglycans (PGs) as well as possibility of using PGs as a surrogate measure of bacterial exposure in workplaces in a metal processing plant. Material and Methods Personal dosimetry (N = 11) was used to obtain data on concentrations of viable bacteria, total number of bioaerosol particles, endotoxins and peptidoglycans. To investigate the size distributions of aerosol particles responsible for transport of endotoxins and PGs, air samples (N = 5) were additionally collected using the 8-stage cascade impactor. Endotoxins and PGs were assayed with the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test and a kinetic version of the silkworm larvae plasma (SLP) test, respectively. Results Median concentrations of airborne PGs (14.6 ng/m³), endotoxins (0.2 ng/m³), viable bacteria (1.16×10³ CFU/m³) and the total number of bioaerosol particles (1.81×10⁶ cells/m³) were determined. Qualitative analysis revealed presence of 19 bacterial species belonging to 14 genera. The calculations showed strong, significant correlations (p < 0.05) between endotoxins, viable bacteria (r = 0.75) and the total number of bioaerosol particle concentrations (r = 0.76) as well as between PGs and the total number of bioaerosol particle concentrations (r = 0.72). Size distribution analysis showed that the highest concentrations of bacterial aerosols occurred in the range of 2.1–3.3 μm. In the case of endotoxins, an increase of concentrations in 2 ranges of aerodynamic diameters: 1.1–3.3 μm and 5.8–9 μm was shown. For PGs there was a visible gradual increase of their concentrations in the range 2.1–9 μm. Conclusions Peptidoglycans can be treated as a supporting indicator of bacterial contamination in metal processing plants, particularly when an assessment of an immunotoxic potential of microbiological hazards needs to be performed. However, to be extrapolated to other occupational and non-occupational environments, the obtained results require a further verification.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2016, 29, 3; 427-437
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Visible fungi growth and dampness assessed using a questionnaire versus airborne fungi, (1→3)-β-d-glucan and fungal spore concentrations in flats
    Autorzy:
    Sowiak, Małgorzata
    Jeżak, Karolina
    Kozajda, Anna
    Sobala, Wojciech
    Szadkowska-Stańczyk, Irena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177035.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-02-24
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    glucans
    fungal spores
    airborne fungi
    questionnaire survey
    dwelling contamination
    residential exposure
    Opis:
    Introduction: The study aimed at determination of the usefulness of the subjective assessment of selected signs of fungi growth in flats and microclimate parameters to indicate the actual air contamination with culturable fungi, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and fungal spores. Material and methods: This analysis covered 22 flats, the inhabitants of which declared in a questionnaire interview the presence of the developed mycelium on solid surfaces in the flat. Air samples for determination of the culturable fungi, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and (viable and non-viable) fungal spores concentrations indoor and outdoor the flats during the heating period were collected. During bioaerosol sampling microclimate parameters were measured. Predictive models for concentrations of the tested biological agents with regard to various ways to assess fungal contamination of air in a flat (on the basis of a questionnaire or a questionnaire and microclimate measurements) were built. Results: The arithmetic means of temperature, relative humidity, CO₂ concentration and air flow velocity in the flats were respectively: 20.5°C, 53%, 1431.6 ppm and 0 m/s. The geometric mean concentrations of airborne fungi, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and fungal spores in these premises amounted to 2.9×10² cfu/m³, 1.6 ng/m³ and 5.7×10³ spores/m³, respectively. The subjective assessment of fungi growth signs and microclimate characteristics were moderately useful for evaluation of the actual airborne fungi and (1→3)-β-D-glucan concentrations (maximum percent of explained variance (VE) = 61% and 67%, respectively), and less useful in evaluation of the actual fungal spore concentrations (VE < 29%). In the case of fungi, higher usefulness was indicated of the questionnaire evaluation supported by microclimate measurements (VE = 61.2%), as compared to the evaluation only by means of a questionnaire (VE = 46.9%). Conclusions: Subjective evaluation of fungi growth signs in flats, separately or combined with microclimate measurements, appeared to be moderately useful for quantitative evaluation of the actual air contamination with fungi and their derivatives, but more extensive studies are needed to strengthen those findings.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 1; 130-146
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Environmental asbestos pollution — Situation in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Szeszenia-Dąbrowska, Neonila
    Sobala, Wojciech
    Świątkowska, Beata
    Stroszejn-Mrowca, Grażyna
    Wilczyńska, Urszula
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2180108.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-03-01
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    asbestos consumption
    airborne asbestos fibres concentrations
    ambient air asbestos pollution
    non-occupational asbestos exposure
    Opis:
    Objectives: Environmental exposure of the general population to asbestos in Poland is mainly due to degradation of very popular asbestos-cement products and the resultant release of the elementary asbestos fibres into the ambient air. Assessments of environmental pollution by asbestos were based on the volume of the raw material used, amount of manufactured asbestos products, and measuring the concentration of fibres in the air. Material and Methods: Under the governmental program intended to remove asbestos, measurements of the concentration of asbestos fibres were performed in 2004–2010 in all provinces of Poland. Considering that potential sources of asbestos dust emissions were present in residential areas, 1634 sampling sites were designated. From 2 to 4 air samples were collected at each sampling site. A total of 5962 samples were collected during seven years. A single dose of air collected by 25 mm 0.8 μm pore Sartorius filter was 1,300 litres. The fibres were counted using optical microscopy with phase contrast (PCM) on a polarizing microscope (PLM) at a total magnification of 600×.; method was adapted to determine the concentration of asbestos fibres in non-occupational environment. Results: Mean concentration of asbestos fibres was 492 f/m³ (95% CI: 467–518). In 82% of the sampling sites, the mean concentrations did not exceed 800 f/ m³. As much as 25.8% of the samples were found to be below the detection limit of the method. Estimated mean concentrations of fibres in different provinces ranged from 146 (95% CI: 106–203) to 709 f/m³ (95% CI: 591–851). In the areas affected by former asbestos-processing plants, mean concentration was 732 f/m³ (95% CI: 527–1016) and was significantly higher than levels recorded in other areas of Poland. Conclusion: Asbestos consumption per capita and the recorded moderate levels of asbestos fibres concentration in atmospheric air point to a relatively low level of environmental asbestos pollution in Poland.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2012, 25, 1; 3-13
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Exposure to airborne fungi during sorting of recyclable plastics in waste treatment facilities
    Autorzy:
    Černá, Kristýna
    Wittlingerová, Zdeňka
    Zimová, Magdaléna
    Janovský, Zdeněk
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164167.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-02-28
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    occupational exposure
    airborne fungi
    waste sorting facilities
    plastic waste
    potential health risk
    identification of fungi
    Opis:
    Background In working environment of waste treatment facilities, employees are exposed to high concentrations of airborne microorganisms. Fungi constitute an essential part of them. This study aims at evaluating the diurnal variation in concentrations and species composition of the fungal contamination in 2 plastic waste sorting facilities in different seasons. Material and Methods Air samples from the 2 sorting facilities were collected through the membrane filters method on 4 different types of cultivation media. Isolated fungi were classified to genera or species by using a light microscopy. Results Overall, the highest concentrations of airborne fungi were recorded in summer (9.1×10³–9.0×10⁵ colony-forming units (CFU)/m³), while the lowest ones in winter (2.7×10³–2.9×10⁵ CFU/m³). The concentration increased from the beginning of the work shift and reached a plateau after 6–7 h of the sorting. The most frequently isolated airborne fungi were those of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. The turnover of fungal species between seasons was relatively high as well as changes in the number of detected species, but potentially toxigenic and allergenic fungi were detected in both facilities during all seasons. Conclusions Generally, high concentrations of airborne fungi were detected in the working environment of plastic waste sorting facilities, which raises the question of health risk taken by the employees. Based on our results, the use of protective equipment by employees is recommended and preventive measures should be introduced into the working environment of waste sorting facilities to reduce health risk for employees. Med Pr 2017;68(1):1–9
    Źródło:
    Medycyna Pracy; 2017, 68, 1; 1-9
    0465-5893
    2353-1339
    Pojawia się w:
    Medycyna Pracy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of very high-frequency sound and low-frequency ultrasound on people – the current state of the art
    Autorzy:
    Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata
    Dudarewicz, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116587.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-16
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    low-frequency airborne ultrasound
    high-frequency sound
    occupational exposure
    impact on humans
    auditory effects
    non-auditory effects
    Opis:
    For several decades, low-frequency ultrasound (<100 kHz) has been widely used in industry, medicine, commerce, military service and the home. The objective of the study was to present the current state of the art on the harmful effects of low-frequency airborne ultrasound on people, especially in occupational settings. The scientific literature search was performed using accessible medical and other databases (WOS, BCI, CCC, DRCI, DIIDW, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, SCIELO and ZOOREC), and the obtained results were then hand-searched to eliminate non-relevant papers. This review includes papers published in 1948–2018. The potential effects of the low-frequency airborne ultrasound have been classified as auditory and non-auditory effects, including subjective, physiological, and thermal effects. In particular, already in the 1960–1970s, it was demonstrated that ultrasonic exposure, when sufficiently intense, appeared to result in a syndrome involving nausea, headache, vomiting, disturbance of coordination, dizziness, and fatigue, and might cause a temporary or permanent hearing impairment. However, since that time, not too much work has been done. Further studies are needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn about the auditory and non-auditory effects of low-frequency airborne ultrasound.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 4; 389-408
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Occupational exposure to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and beta-glucans in poultry houses at different stages of the production cycle
    Autorzy:
    Lawniczek-Walczyk, A.
    Gorny, R.L.
    Golofit-Szymczak, M.
    Niesler, A.
    Wlazlo, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51116.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    occupational exposure
    airborne microorganism
    endotoxin
    beta-glucan
    poultry house
    different stage
    production cycle
    poultry farm
    animal farm
    bioaerosol
    Opis:
    The aim of the presented study was to assess the exposure of poultry workers to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and β-glucans during different stages of the chicken production cycle in 3 commercially-operated poultry houses. Personal and stationary sampling was carried out to assess exposure to both viable and total microbial aerosols. The stationary measurements of PM10 were performed to establish the level of endotoxins and β-glucans. The concentrations of bacterial and fungal aerosols ranged from 2.5×102 CFU/m3 – 2.9×106 CFU/m3, and from 1.8×102 CFU/m3 – 1.8×105 CFU/m3, respectively. The number of culturable microorganisms was significantly lower than their total counts, constituting from 0.0004% – 6.4% of the total microbial flora. The level of PM10 in poultry facilities did not exceed 4.5 mg/m3. After the flock entered the clean house, the level of endotoxins and β-glucans increased from below detection limit to 8,364 ng/m3 and from 0.8 ng/m3 to 6,886 ng/m3, respectively. The presented study shows that professional activities in poultry farms are associated with constant exposure to bioaerosol, which may pose a health hazard to workers. It was found that workers’ exposure to airborne microorganisms increased with consecutive stages of the chicken production cycle.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2013, 20, 2
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Szkodliwe czynniki biologiczne w zakładach termicznego unieszkodliwiania odpadów komunalnych
    Harmful biological agents in municipal waste thermal treatment plants
    Autorzy:
    Cyprowski, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162594.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-02-28
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    narażenie zawodowe
    odpady komunalne
    spalarnie odpadów
    pył organiczny
    bakterie przenoszone drogą powietrzną
    grzyby przenoszone drogą powietrzną
    occupational exposure
    municipal waste
    waste incinerations
    organic dust
    airborne bacteria
    airborne fungi
    Opis:
    Składowanie odpadów komunalnych w specjalnie wyznaczonych do tego miejscach przez wiele lat stanowiło podstawową metodę ich zagospodarowania – obecnie preferowana jest utylizacja termiczna. Ocena warunków pracy w spalarniach odpadów komunalnych jest utrudniona z powodu zmienności i złożoności zanieczyszczeń emitowanych w wyniku spalania. Autorzy prac opisujących ten problem przez wiele lat koncentrowali się przede wszystkim na zanieczyszczeniach chemicznych wewnątrz badanych zakładów oraz zanieczyszczeniach emitowanych do powietrza atmosferycznego. Oszacowano, że stężenie pyłu organicznego na stanowiskach pracy wynosiło 0,1–14 mg/m3. Udowodniono, że pył ten jest nośnikiem wielu różnych drobnoustrojów, w tym bakterii, grzybów oraz promieniowców mezofilnych i termofilnych, a także adenowirusów i wirusa torque teno. W strefie oddychania pracowników na stanowiskach pracy stwierdzono także obecność endotoksyn bakteryjnych w stężeniu nawet 50 000 EU/m3, które mogą istotnie wpływać na występowanie reakcji prozapalnych w płucach oraz toksycznego zapalenia płuc. Czynniki biologiczne powinny być uwzględniane w ocenie ryzyka zawodowego jako czynniki szkodliwe występujące w tym środowisku, a szczegółowe scharakteryzowanie narażenia oraz skutków zdrowotnych wynikających z kontaktu z nimi powinno być kontynuowane w jeszcze szerszym niż dotychczas zakresie. Med. Pr. 2019;70(1):99–105
    Solid waste storage in specially designated areas – landfills – has been the basic method of municipal solid waste disposal management for many years. However, thermal treatment is the currently preferred method of solid waste disposal. Hygienic assessment of working conditions in municipal waste incineration plants is hindered due to the variability and complexity of pollutants emitted during the combustion process. For many years studies describing this problem have focused mainly on chemical pollution inside the plants as well as emitted into the atmosphere. Available data indicates the presence of organic dust at workplaces in the range 0.1–14 mg/m3. It has been proven that it is a carrier of a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and both mesophilic and thermophilic actinomycetes as well as adenoviruses and torque teno virus (TTV). In the air, at workplaces, bacterial endotoxins have also been found in concentrations reaching even 50 000 EU/m3, which may significantly affect the occurrence of pro-inflammatory reactions in the lungs as well as toxic pneumonitis. Biological agents should be taken into account in the occupational risk assessment for harmful agents present in this environment, and an in-depth characterization of exposure and health effects resulting from contact with these agents should be continued to an even greater extent than before. Med Pr. 2019;70(1):99–105
    Źródło:
    Medycyna Pracy; 2019, 70, 1; 99-105
    0465-5893
    2353-1339
    Pojawia się w:
    Medycyna Pracy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Human exposure to airborne fungi from genera used as biocontrol agents in plant production
    Autorzy:
    Madsen, A M
    Hansen, V.M.
    Meyling, N.V.
    Eilenberg, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49861.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    Trichoderma
    occupational health
    indoor air
    airborne fungi
    Ulocladium
    biological control agent
    plant production
    Verticillium
    allergy
    Lecanicillium
    human exposure
    Beauveria
    Paecilomyces
    Opis:
    The fungi Trichoderma harzianum, T. polysporum, T. viride, Paeciliomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, Verticillium/lecanicillium lecanii, Ulocladium oudemansii, U. atrum and Beauveria bassiana are used or considered to be used for biocontrol of pests and plant diseases. Human exposure to these fungi in environments where they may naturally occur or are used as biocontrol agents has not been directly investigated to date. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of human exposure to fungi from the relevant genera. The subject of fungal taxonomy due to the rapid development of this issue is also discussed. B. bassiana, V. lecanii, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, P. lilacinus and U. oudemansii were infrequently present in the air and thus people in general seem to be seldom exposed to these fungi. However, when V. lecanii was present, high concentrations were measured. Fungi from the genera Trichoderma, Paecilomyces and Ulocladium were rarely identifi ed to the species level and sometimes high concentrations were reported. T. viride and U. atrum were detected frequently in different environments and sometimes with a high frequency of presence in samples. Thus, people seem to be frequently exposed to these fungi. Sequence data have led to recent revisions of fungal taxonomy, and in future studies it is important to specify the taxonomy used for identifi cation, thus making comparisons possible.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2007, 14, 1
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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