Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "aerobic capacity" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    EFFECTS OF CROSSFIT LESSONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION ON THE AEROBIC CAPACITY OF YOUNG STUDENTS
    Autorzy:
    Borras, Pere A.
    Herrera, Jordi
    Ponseti, Francisco Javier
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/449249.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Opolska. Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego i Fizjoterapii
    Tematy:
    Aerobic capacity
    adolescents
    crossfit
    Opis:
    Strength training in adolescents is one of the pending subjects of Physical Education. Habitually, improvements in physical condition are solely and exclusively related to training in aerobic resistance. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the incorporation of Crossfit along with aerobic games on aerobic capacity over a period of 8 weeks in a group of teens during their physical education sessions at the school. The study examined 82 subjects between 16-18 years of age, who were high school students. 40 women and 42 men were distributed into two groups, experimental and control. The results indicate that the effect on aerobic capacity measured through the course navette test is significantly positive through the inclusion of crossfit methodology along with aerobic games in physical education sessions.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective; 2017, 6, 10; 5-11
    2084-7971
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The assessment of aerobic physical capacity in young swimmers
    Autorzy:
    Łubkowska, Wioletta
    Troszczyński, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1054716.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    aerobic capacity
    swimming
    young swimmers
    Opis:
    The purpose of this paper was to confront some selected physiological parameters that describe aerobic capacity with young swimmers’ sports achievements. For the study, some athletes with the average age of 14.67, who train swimming at the SMS Szczecin Club, were selected. A progressive test of their oxygen power was performed in order to determine their aerobic capacity, with the means of the European Ranking (LEN). Each swimmer’s sports level was presented in points [pts.]. The swimmers’ characteristics were presented as divided into three groups: (S) – short-distance specialization, (M) – medium-distance specialization and (L) – long-distance specialization. In group (S), maximum oxygen consumption – VO2max [l/min] achieved the levels of 3.95 [l/min] (male swimmers) and 2,77 [l/min] (female swimmers); in group (M) – 4.12 [l/min] and 2.97 [l/min], respectively; and in group (L) – 4.14 [l/min] and 3.338 [l/min]. Among male swimmers, level of VO2 max [ml/kg/min] equaled 58.96 – group (S), 59.72 – group (M) and 62.10 – group (L); while among female swimmers it reached 48.67 (S), 49.36 (M) and 54.60 (L), respectively. The recorded values of VO2 max [ml/kg/min] qualify the young swimmers to the group of people with a very high physical capacity. Our selection of Szczecin’s athletes to individual groups proved to be correct. The considerations presented in the paper bring one’s attention to the substantive quality of the intake and selection of swimmers. In the selection, it is necessary to take such physiologic rates as VO2 max or VO2/HR into consideration.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2013, 2, 2; 21-29
    2300-9705
    2353-2807
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aerobic capacity of adults with intellectual disabilities
    Autorzy:
    Gawlik, Krystyna
    Zwierzchowska, Anna
    Manowska, Beata
    Celebańska, Diana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989949.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    aerobic capacity
    intellectual disabilities
    adults people
    Opis:
    Introduction. Physical fitness is a resultant of the efficiency of adaptive mechanisms for physical effort. People with intellectual disabilities may exhibit limited adaptive capacities, not only regarding their mental development, but also physiological, social and emotional development. Dysfunctions of the central nervous system observed in individuals with intellectual disabilities cause difficulties in gaining movement experience as well as problems with coordination and kinesthetic sense. Thus, intellectual disability might cause low physical activity and, consequently, low physical fitness. Objective. The aim of the present investigations was to evaluate aerobic capacity of intellectually disabled adults and determine its potential relationships with the degree of intellectual disability, somatic parameters, age and gender. Materials and method. The study group consisted of 85 intellectually disabled adults aged 20 to 40 years. The investigations were based on direct observation of the participants. The following somatic parameters were measured: body height and weight, waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. Physical fitness was evaluated based on PWC170; VO2max was also calculated. Qualitative assessment of physical fitness level was carried out using Astrand’s classification (with respect to age and gender). Results. 30% of women and 46.3% of men had very low level of aerobic capacity. Absolute values of PWC170 and VO2max were significantly higher in men. However, relative values expressed in millilitres of oxygen per kilogram of body weight did not reveal statistically significant inter-gender differences. Age and degree of intellectual disability did not significantly influence the level of physical fitness. Multiple regression analysis to estimate VO2max/kg revealed a negative correlation with %FAT and WHR. Conclusions. 1. A large sample of the study population (30% female, 46.3% male) showed very low levels of aerobic capacity. 2. Our investigations did not demonstrate a relationship between physical fitness and age or the degree of intellectual disability. Gender turned out to be a differentiating factor but only for the absolute PWC170 and VO2max. 3. The level of physical fitness was significantly related to somatic parameters including body mass, waist and hips circumference, percentage of body fat, BMI and WHR.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2017, 24, 1
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The direction of the changes of rates of the internal and external training load under the influence of high-altitude hypoxia on mountain bikers
    Autorzy:
    Gabrys, Tomasz
    Szmatlan-Gabrys, Urszula
    Stanula, Arkadiusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1922006.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-02-20
    Wydawca:
    PPHU Projack Jacek Wąsik
    Tematy:
    cycling
    altitude training
    aerobic capacity
    hypoxia
    Opis:
    The aim of the research carried out was to establish the direction, and scope of the changes in internal, and external load indicator values in cyclists, men, and women, in high-altitude hypoxia conditions. The participants of the study were mountain bike cyclists, members of Russian and Polish Nationals Teams (women n=11, men n=9). They have done the graded incremental exercise test at the altitude of 170 m (Lonato del Garda, Italy) and 2250 m (Livignio-Trepale Italy). In the course of effort VO2, VE, VCO2 was measured by means of K4b2 analyser (Cosmed Italy). Effort intensity was determined at ventilators thresholds VT1 (AT), and VT2. Internal and external load indicators undergo changes during physical effort in cyclists under the influence of high altitude hypoxia. In groups of men and women, the changes in indicator values reach VE: 9% and 12%, HR: 0,5% and 15, O2HR: 7% and 15%, VO2: 14% and 20% respectively, as well as a decrease in 5 and 4% of the generated power, respectively. A decrease in the generated power by 5%, higher ventilation, amounting to 10%, a higher VO2max, amounting to 17% in hypoxic conditions, in comparison with the conditions similar to those at sea level, show that it is necessary to modify training loads.
    Źródło:
    Physical Activity Review; 2019, 7; 40-48
    2300-5076
    Pojawia się w:
    Physical Activity Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    How genetic predispositions may have impact on injury and success in sport
    Autorzy:
    Czarnik-Kwaśniak, Justyna
    Kwaśniak, Konrad
    Tabarkiewicz, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/454900.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    sport
    genetic predispositio
    endurance performance
    aerobic capacity
    injury
    Opis:
    Introduction. Studies investigating the determinants of physical endurance were initiated nearly 30 years ago. The research was inspired by the curiosity to find out about the nature of talent for sport and why some athletes are better than others, despite the same or even greater effort in training routine, diet and the supplementation. An attempt was therefore made to determine the genotype of a perfect athlete, but conducted research showed that it is a very difficult task. Although 140 genes were proposed to affect of ideal sportsman fitness, scientists are still far from formulating answers about the nature of physical abilities and genotype. Aim. Our main goal was to review the literature about the selected genes and polymorphisms which are most often investigated in the context in relation to injury in sports. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature from US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, PubMED, Google Scholar. Results. We review the selected genes and polymorphisms which are most often investigated in the context in relation to injury in sports, we also present the function of genetic variants prevalent in athletes which are able to achieve better physiological adaptation during the training. Conclusions. There are probably more than 140 genes involved in physical performance. Changes in even one nucleotide within the gene (SNP) can improve the body’s adaptation to better physical performance and the frequency of injury to athletes.
    Źródło:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2018, 4; 366-375
    2544-2406
    2544-1361
    Pojawia się w:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Aqua Aerobics on Selected Somatic, Physiological and Aerobic Capacity Parameters in Postmenopausal Women
    Autorzy:
    Kantyka, Joanna
    Herman, Damian
    Roczniok, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1055122.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    aerobic capacity
    aqua aerobics
    blood count parameters
    body composition
    lipid profile
    postmenopausal female
    Opis:
    The world’s population is aging. Aquatic exercises can improve the physical function in humans and raise the quality of their lives in middle and older age. The study aimed to determine the effect of aqua aerobics on the selected somatic, physiological and aerobic capacity parameters in postmenopausal women. 11 purposively selected women that were confirmed overweight or obese by 20% and had Body Mass Index of 30±5 (the first stage of obesity) took part in aqua aerobics classes three times a week for 14 weeks. Their mean age was 56.18±3.19 years and mean height was 166.5±7.41 cm. The value of LBM and muscle mass (p=0.04 in both cases) were statistically significantly higher at study end compared with their baseline values, likewise haemoglobin concentration (p=0.001), haematocrit (p=0.03) and blood cell count (p=0.01), whereas BMI (p=0.02) and percentage body fat (p=0.04) were significantly lower. The lactate analysis revealed significant changes in LAmax (p=0.04), LAres9' (p=0.02), DeltaLAmax-LAsp (p=0.02) and DeltaLAres9’-LAres3’ (p=0,0004). After 14 weeks of aqua aerobic workout, significant changes were noted in the selected somatic, morphological and aerobic capacity parameters in postmenopausal women, but the differences between the lipid profiles were insignificant.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2017, 20, 4; 13-22
    2300-9705
    2353-2807
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of different forms of creatine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic capacity of soccer players during preparation period
    Wpływ suplementacji różnymi formami kreatyny na poziom wydolności tlenowej i beztlenowej piłkarzy nożnych podczas okresu przygotowawczego
    Autorzy:
    Radzimiński, Łukasz
    Hajduczenia, Amelia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1491464.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-10-09
    Wydawca:
    Atena Research Association
    Tematy:
    Creatine supplementation
    Soccer
    Aerobic and anaerobic capacity
    Opis:
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the influence of creatine monohydrate and creatine malate supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic capacity in semi-professional soccer players during preparation period. Methods: 15 adult soccer players from polish second league club took part in the study. Participants were divided into two groups (Group 1: supplemented their diet with creatine monohydrate; group 2: used creatine malate). Before and after five-week preparations the aerobic (PWC 170 test) and anaerobic (Wingate test) capacity of the players were measured. Findings: Significant increase in PWC 170 indicator, maximal oxygen uptake, and total work capacity in Wingate test were noted in the group that consumed creatine monohydrate. Moreover, two-way ANOVA results showed significant effect for time in above mentioned variables. Conclusions: Creatine monohydrate supplementation may efficiently support aerobic and anaerobic capacity development in semi-professional soccer players. Five-week creatine malate supplementation provides no significant changes in aerobic and anaerobic capacity.
    Źródło:
    Atena Journal of Sports Sciences; 2019, 1; 2-2
    2695-4486
    Pojawia się w:
    Atena Journal of Sports Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessing peak aerobic capacity in Dutch law enforcement officers
    Autorzy:
    Wittink, Harriet
    Takken, Tim
    de Groot, Janke
    Reneman, Michiel
    Peters, Roelof
    Vanhees, Luc
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177371.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-05-18
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    aerobic capacity
    VO2peak
    prediction equations
    maximal exercise test
    bicycle protocol
    law enforcement officers
    Opis:
    Objectives To cross-validate the existing peak rate of oxygen consumption (VO₂peak) prediction equations in Dutch law enforcement officers and to determine whether these prediction equations can be used to predict VO₂ₚₑₐₖ for groups and in a single individual. A further objective was to report normative absolute and relative VO₂ₚₑₐₖ values of a sample of law enforcement officers in the Netherlands. Material and Methods The peak rate of oxygen consumption (ml×kg⁻¹×min⁻¹) was measured using a maximal incremental bicycle test in 1530 subjects, including 1068 male and 461 female police officers. Validity of the prediction equations for groups was assessed by comparing predicted VO₂ₚₑₐₖ with measured VO₂ₚₑₐₖ using paired t-tests. For individual differences limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated. Equations were considered valid for individuals when the difference between measured and predicted VO₂ₚₑₐₖ did not exceed ±1 metabolic equivalent (MET) in 95% of individuals. Results None of the equations met the validity criterion of 95% of individuals having ±1 MET difference or less than the measured value. Limits of agreement (LoAs) were large in all predictions. At the individual level, none of the equations were valid predictors of VO₂ₚₑₐₖ (ml×kg⁻¹×min⁻¹). Normative values for Dutch law enforcement officers were presented. Conclusions Substantial differences between measured and predicted VO₂ₚₑₐₖ (ml×kg⁻¹×min⁻¹) were found. Most tested equations were invalid predictors of VO₂ₚₑₐₖ at group level and all were invalid at individual levels.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 3; 519-531
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of Aerobic Capacity and Determination of Its Associated Factors Among Male Workers of Industrial Sector of Iran
    Autorzy:
    Daneshmandi, H.
    Fard, A. R.
    Choobineh, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89945.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
    Tematy:
    ergocycle test
    Astrand protocol
    aerobic capacity
    VO2 max
    pracownicy sektora przemysłowego
    wydolność tlenowa
    Iran
    Opis:
    Introduction. The aim of this study was to estimate maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max), to determine its associated factors among workers of industrial sector of Iran and to develop a regression equation for subjects’ VO2 max. Methods. In this study, 500 healthy male workers employed in Shiraz industries participated voluntarily. The subjects’ VO2 max was assessed with the ergocycle test according to the Åstrand protocol. Required data was collected with a questionnaire covering demographic details (i.e., age, job tenure, marital status, education, nature of work, shift work, smoking and weekly exercises). Results. The subject’s mean VO2 max was 2.69 ± 0.263 l/min. The results showed that there was an association between VO2 max and age, BMI, hours of exercise and smoking, but there was no association between VO2 max and height, weight, nature of work and working schedule. On the basis of the results, regression equations were developed to estimate VO2 max. Conclusion. Final regression equation developed in this study may be used to estimate VO2 max reliably without the need to use other laboratory instruments for aerobic measurement.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2013, 19, 4; 667-673
    1080-3548
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Study of the Workload of Underground Trammers in the Ranigang Coal Field Area of West Bengal, India
    Autorzy:
    Dey, N.C.
    Samanta, A.
    Saha, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90014.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
    Tematy:
    physiological workload
    underground trammer
    coal mine
    aerobic capacity
    wydobycie węgla
    procesy produkcyjne
    obciążenie fizyczne
    górnictwo podziemne
    pracownik
    Indie
    obciążenie pracą
    Opis:
    Thirty healthy trammers were examined in underground haulage mines during their normal activity. Physiological strain in terms of heart rate (HR) varied between 101.6 and 104.7 beats/min with mean net cardiac cost of 33.06 and 34.06 beats/min for younger and older groups respectively. The average relative cardiac cost was lower for younger subjects than for older ones. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured with an Oxylog-II machine (UK); subsequently values were estimated. Maximum aerobic capacity was estimated with an indirect method following a standard step test protocol. The responses revealed that the average VO2 during the activity was 0.75 and 0.8 L/min, which corresponded to energy expenditure (EE) of 3.8 and 3.97 Kcal/min for younger and older subjects respectively. The workload in terms of HR and EE was moderate, whereas the aerobic strain experienced by aged workers was above the acceptable level.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2006, 12, 4; 399-407
    1080-3548
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena sprawności motorycznej młodych kobiet uprawiających rekreacyjnie aerobik
    Motor fitness evaluation of young women doing aerobics recreationally
    Autorzy:
    Żychowska, Małgorzata
    Nowak, Monika
    Żiżka-Salamon, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/415891.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-06
    Wydawca:
    Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Tarnowie
    Tematy:
    aerobik
    wydolność
    sprawność motoryczna kobiet
    aerobic
    capacity
    motor capabilities of women
    Opis:
    Głównym celem opracowania była odpowiedź na pytanie, jaki jest wpływ regularnych ćwiczeń aerobowych na poziom rozwoju zdolności motorycznych 20-letnich kobiet. Badaniami objęto 12 dziewcząt, studentek Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, uczęszczających regularnie (2 razy w tygodniu) na zajęcia aerobowe zamiast regularnych zajęć wychowania fizycznego. Zajęcia były obowiązkowe i trwały 4 miesiące. Przed podjęciem przez kobiety zajęć aerobowych oraz po ich zakończeniu wykonano testy pośrednie określające poziom poszczególnych zdolności motorycznych, tj. szybkości, siły, wytrzymałości i koordynacji. Uzyskane wyniki poddano podstawowej analizie statystycznej. Na ich podstawie stwierdzono, że zajęcia aerobowe nie wpłynęły na średnią masę ciała badanych dziewcząt. Stąd wniosek, że regularne zajęcia aerobowe mają raczej wpływ na utrzymanie stałej masy ciała niż jej redukcję, co jest zgodne z danymi z literatury. Nie stwierdzono jednoznacznych zmian w poprawie wytrzymałości (różnokierunkowe zmiany VO2max). Wyniki te wskazują na różną odpowiedź poszczególnych uczestniczek zajęć aerobowych, zależną z pewnością od wyjściowego poziomu wytrenowania. Stąd konieczna wydaje się wstępna selekcja niejednorodnych pod względem sprawności grup, która umożliwi odpowiedni dobór ćwiczeń w stosunku do wyjściowej wydolności organizmu. U wszystkich badanych kobiet zanotowano poprawę wyników w próbach badających takie zdolności motoryczne, jak siła czy szybkość. Wskazuje to na przewagę komponentu siłowo-szybkościowego w prowadzonych zajęciach aerobowych.
    The aim of this study is to present the results of research, i.e. to answer the question: what is the influence of aerobics exercises to young women's motor capabilities. Some tests has been done to evaluate the level of young women's physical fitness (the main indicator-mark was the VO2max). Twelve students were examined. They have declared the low level of their physical activity. They have participated in cycle of aerobics exercises, which lasted for16 weeks. The aim of this research was to confirm the thesis that aerobics exercises have a positive influence on young women's physiological and morphological traits. Material and methods: During the experiment 12 students were examined. The cycle of aerobics exercises lasted for 4 months. One, separate activity (60 minutes) took place once a week, on Friday's afternoon. The results were put to the statistical analysis and the process of normalization, which showed the direction of parameter's changing. Results and conclusions: The reduction of weight was the motivation to attend to this cycle of aerobics exercises. In spite of that a decrease in this parameter was inconsiderable. The experiment showed that VO2max parameter increased in those women, who had a lower initial level of this mark. After 4 months of regular aerobics exercises ressearchers noticed that results of those women, who had higher initial VO2max changed for the worse. Regular aerobics activities helped all the participants to keep the constant weight, which was consistent with another author's publication. The results pointed out the necessity of initial selection of women in such a heterogeneous group. The main mark of this selection seemed to be VO2max. This should enable the proper selection of exercises and make the practice more effective. The resserchers noticed a significant improvement in such motor capabilities like: strength and speed (superiority in anaerobic components).
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie; 2010, 1(15); 137-147
    1506-2635
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

      Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies