Temat: advanced reduction - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Charakterystyka metod usuwania bromianów(V) z wody przeznaczonej do spożycia
Characteristics of methods for bromate removal from water intended for human consumption
Autorzy:: Olsińska, U.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/237183.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
Tematy:: bromate removal
water treatment
adsorption
modified active carbons
membrane processes
nanomaterials
UV irradiation
photocatalysis
advanced reduction
usuwanie bromianów
oczyszczanie wody
adsorpcja
modyfikowane węgle aktywne
techniki membranowe
nanomateriały
promieniowanie UV
fotokataliza
pogłębiona redukcja
Opis:: Over the last few years, substantial progress has been made both in the field of bromate formation control and its removal from waters but most specifically in terms of novel technologies that could have broader application in the future. The paper presents characteristics and effectiveness of the physical, chemical and biological processes that may potentially be applied to bromate removal from water processed by water supply systems. Furthermore, opportunities for their application in systems treating water intended for human consumption were assessed. The review outlines both the well-known methods (e.g. adsorption on activated carbon, ultraviolet irradiation, catalysis, photocatalysis, membrane technics, biodegradation) and the novel ones, still in the research phase (e.g. use of modified activated carbons and nanomaterials). It has been emphasized however that any final decision on the bromate removal method should be assessed individually and preceded by a reliability analysis and assessment of potential implementation-related damage to environment as well as a thorough economic analysis that would take account of all factors affecting costs of the technology concerned.
W ostatnich latach osiągnięto znaczy postęp zarówno w dziedzinie kontroli powstawania, jak i usuwania bromianów z wody, w szczególności dotyczy to nowych technologii, które w przyszłości będą mogły znaleźć szersze zastosowanie. W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę i skuteczność procesów fizycznych, chemicznych i biologicznych, które mogą być potencjalnie wykorzystane do usuwania bromianów z wody ujmowanej przez zakłady wodociągowe. Na tej podstawie oceniono możliwości ich zastosowania w systemach oczyszczania wody przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi. W przedstawionym przeglądzie uwzględniono zarówno metody znane, takie jak adsorpcja na węglu aktywnym, naświetlanie w nadfiolecie, kataliza, fotokataliza, techniki membranowe i biodegradacja, jak i metody nowe, będące jeszcze na etapie badań, takie jak zastosowanie zmodyfikowanych węgli aktywnych oraz nanomateriałów. Podkreślono, że w każdym indywidualnym przypadku ostateczny wybór metody usuwania bromianów z wody powinien być poprzedzony analizą niezawodności i oceną potencjalnego obciążenia środowiska naturalnego, wynikającego z jej wdrożenia oraz dogłębną analizą ekonomiczną, z uwzględnieniem wszystkich czynników wpływających na koszty danej technologii.
Źródło:: Ochrona Środowiska; 2017, 39, 3; 31-40
1230-6169
Pojawia się w:: Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: IL RECLAMO E LA MEDIAZIONE TRIBUTARIA DOPO LA RIFORMA: PROFILI RICOSTRUTTIVI E RISVOLTI APPLICATIVI – PARTE SECONDA
THE TAX COMPLAINT AND MEDIATION AFTER THE REFORMATION: RECONSTRUCTIVE PROFILES AND APPLICATIONS – PART TWO
Autorzy:: Parente, Salvatore Antonello
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546612.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:: Procedural aspects of the complaint
advanced mode of complaint/mediation
reduction of penalties
Opis:: Alongside the expansion of subjective assumptions, required for the experiment of complaint/ mediation, the real innovation is the broadening of the audience of those who can speak about it: tax agencies and any other body levying entity (for example, local authorities), whose decision was the subject of appeal. While tax agencies, given the considerable size, shall examine the complaint through facilities other than those that materially have issued actionable measures, for the other institutions, whose acts are subject to the remedy, the identification of the subject responsible for dealing with complaints is left to the internal organisation of each: this entails, especially for those of limited size, significant difficulties in identifying, within the organization, a different subject and autonomous, it can act as a mediator. Compared to the original formulation of the norm, whose wording seemed to distinguish the claim from the action, the technique of drafting the novel seems much more consistent, where remedies to concerns raised by the previous version: reformed text, the appeal also produces the effect of a complaint and may contain a proposal for mediation with restatement of the amount of the claim; in the former, on the other hand, it highlighted a duplication, since it is necessary to those who intend to institute proceedings, to present preliminarily claim, that, after 90 days, turned into action, producing the effects of such an act. The second paragraph of article 17 bis, confirming an earlier regulatory intervention, shared by constitutional jurisprudence, sanctioned on admissibility the failure to follow the procedure: the complaint/appeal, ritually notified financial administration, gives life to the mediation process, which is to end in the next 90 days, regardless of the presence of a proposal. The reform did not vary the methods of refinement of complaint/mediation: even in the current regime, the mediation agreement related to disputes concerning an act to impose taxes or levying studies with payment of the full amount or the first installment, to be carried out within 20 days after the date of signature; except for disputes concerning tax refunds and the land on which the mediation is concluded with the mere signing of agreement as a result of the agreement, the taxpayer may be treated to favor concerning the extent of administrative penalties, which apply in an amount equal to thirty-five per cent of the statutory minimum made by edict. Regarding the application in time, the new provisions on the procedure for complaint/mediation shall be applicable as from 1 January 2016.
Źródło:: Civitas et Lex; 2017, 2(14); 36-52
2392-0300
Pojawia się w:: Civitas et Lex
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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