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Tytuł:
Предупреждение зависимости от компьютерных игр у младших школьников
Prevention of dependence on computer games among primary school children
Autorzy:
Жукова, Марина
Фролова, Елена
Шишкина, Ксения
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
ADVSEO
Tematy:
ADDICTION
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR
PREVENTION
COMPUTER GAMES
GAME ADDICTION (GAMBLING ADDICTION)
PREVENTION OF COMPUTER ADDICTION
Opis:
The paper focuses on computer games addiction and its prevention. Types of addiction are shown. The relevance of addictive behavior prevention is revealed. Forms of addictive behavior are discussed. Computer games classification is presented. Positive and negative effects of computerization of primary schools are described. RPG - role playing games are analyzed as the most dangerous from the point of view of addiction. Characteristics of gambling addiction beginning (game addiction) among primary school children are considered. Attention to the computer games effect on children’s personality development is paid in the article. Symptoms of computer games addiction are described. Addiction levels are shown. Recommendations concerning addiction prevention are given.
Źródło:
General and Professional Education; 2012, 1; 61-70
2084-1469
Pojawia się w:
General and Professional Education
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Развитие информационно-компьютерных технологий как фактор, влияющий на социальное здоровье личности
Rozwój technologii informacyjnych i komputerowych technologii jako czynnik mający wpływ na społeczne zdrowie osobowości
The Development of Information and Computer Technology as the Factor Influencing Social Health of the Person
Autorzy:
Ермоленко, Ирина А.
Северин, Алексей В.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1387895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
социальное здоровье
девиации
Интернет-зависимость
компьютерная зависимость
информационно-компьютерные технологии
киберпсихология
виртуальная реальность
перцептивные действия
адаптация
технологический прогресс
społeczne zdrowie
dewiacja
uzależnienie od Internetu
komputerowa zależność
informacyjno-technologie komputerowe
wirtualna rzeczywistość
percepcyjne działania
adaptacja
postęp technologiczny
social health
deviancy
Internet addiction
computer addiction
computer information technology
cyberpsychology
virtual reality
perceptual actions
adaptation
technological progress
Opis:
В статье проанализированы разнообразные аспекты влияния информационно-компьютерных технологий на социальное и психическое здоровье личности. Рассмотрены психологические эффекты, феномены и закономерности, возникающих в Интернет – и компьютерной среде. Сделан акцент на амбивалентном характере происходящих культурных и психологических трансформаций в области развития высших психических функций личности. Затрагивается вопрос об эволюции психики современного человека, предлагающий рассмотреть под новым углом зрения критерии социального здоровья современного человека.
The article analyzes various aspects of the impact of ICT on social and mental health of the individual. The psychological effects, phenomena and regularities that arise in Internet and computer environment. The emphasis on the ambivalent nature of cultural and psychological transformations in the field of development of higher mental functions of personality. Address the question of the evolution of the psyche of modern man, offering to consider a new angle of view of criteria of social health of modern man.
W artykule przeanalizowano różne aspekty wpływu technologii informacyjno--komputerowych na środowisko społeczne i zdrowie psychiczne osobowości. Omówiono efekty psychologiczne, zjawiska i prawidłowości występujące w Internecie i w środowisku komputerowym. Zwrócono uwagę na ambiwalentny charakter kulturowych i psychologicznych zmian zachodzących w obszarze wyższych funkcji psychicznych jednostki. Postawiono pytanie o ewolucję psychiki współczesnego człowieka, odpowiedź, na które przewiduję przyjęcie nowych kryteriów zdrowia człowieka w obecnych czasach.
Źródło:
Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe; 2017, 2; 101-110
2451-1420
Pojawia się w:
Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uzależnienie „ekranowe” jako współczesne zagrożenie dla rodziny
“Screen” Addiction as a Contemporary Threat to the Family
Autorzy:
Zwoliński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/461619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Spraw Społecznych
Tematy:
screen-addiction
father
family
communication in the family
cybersex
Opis:
The technique is based on different principles than the Nature is. It may complement or assist the Nature but it cannot replace it without reducing the richness of the phenomenon of life. Similar restrictions apply to the contact with people. Psychologists claim that the number of people with whom a person is able to establish a real relationship, is limited to 150 persons. Excess of contacts leads to superficiality and temporariness. The discovery that life partner or family members are involved in compulsive or inappropriate online erotic behavior causes a shock. Partners are then in a very difficult position, they don’t know how to behave, what method of operation to adopt. The most common reactions include: attempt to take responsibility of the loved ones, attempts “to deserve the love”, pushing their own needs on the back burner of their interests, strong emotional attachment to a partner with exclusion of admitting the existence of the disease, loss of self-identity and lack of perception of own feelings and needs. All of these indicate the existence of so-called codependency to your partner. In fact the addiction affects not just one person, but the functioning of the entire family.
Źródło:
Labor et Educatio; 2014, 2; 247-270
2353-4745
2544-0179
Pojawia się w:
Labor et Educatio
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagrożenia cyberprzestrzeni u młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną
Cyber threats to children and youth with intellectual disabilities
Autorzy:
Zieliński, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893801.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-07
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
intellectual disability
cyberspace
cyberbullying/aggression
addiction to the Internet
threats from digital technologies
Internet users
niepełnosprawność intelektualna
cyberprzestrzeń
cyberprzemoc
uzależnienie od Internetu
zagrożenia technologii cyfrowych
użytkownicy Internetu
Opis:
The article provides the justification for the need to analyze the area of 'new media' with regard to the use of digital tools by children and youth with intellectual disabilities. It presents the genesis of the notion of cyberspace as well as the nature of possible consequences associated with inappropriate use of digital technologies. The paper then discusses the categories of negative effects related to cyberspace and the use of new technologies by children and youth with intellectual disabilities. The increasing digitization has influenced the evolution of cyberbullying. There is no highly effective method or solution available to protect children and youth with intellectual disabilities against cyber crimes. Therefore, the idea of reasonable usage of 'new media' seems to be one of the most important tasks for educators, teachers, and parents of children and youth with intellectual disabilities in the 21st century.
W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono uzasadnienie potrzeby podjęcia tematu nowych mediów w kontekście użytkowania przez młodzież z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Przedstawiono genezę zagadnienia cyberprzestrzeni i skutków nieodpowiedniego korzystania z technologii cyfrowych. W dalszej części zaprezentowano kategorie czynników szkodliwych w obszarze cyberprzestrzeni związaną z użytkowaniem przez dzieci i młodzież z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Digitalizacja cyberprzestrzeni przyczyniła się do rozwoju cyberbullyingu. Nie ma skutecznej metody, aby uchronić dzieci i młodzież z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną przed stycznością z cyberzagrożeniami. Tylko rozsądne użytkowanie nowych mediów to najważniejsze zadanie dla pedagogów i rodziców młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną.
Źródło:
Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze; 2018, 566(1); 54-62
0552-2188
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanisms of plasmid stable maintenance with special focus on plasmid addiction systems.
Autorzy:
Zielenkiewicz, Urszula
Cegłowski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044043.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
partition; multimer resolution
post-segregational killing
plasmid addiction
Opis:
The stable inheritance of bacterial plasmids is achieved by a number of different mechanisms. Among them are resolution of plasmid oligomers into monomers, active plasmid partitioning into dividing cells and selective killing of plasmid-free segregants. A special focus is given to the last mechanism. It involves a stable toxin and an unstable antidote. The antidotes neutralize their cognate toxins or prevent their synthesis. The different decay rates of the toxins and the antidotes underlie molecular mechanisms of toxin activation in plasmid-free cells. By eliminating of plasmid-free cells from the population of plasmid-bearing ones the toxin-antidote couples therefore act as plasmid addiction systems.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2001, 48, 4; 1003-1023
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyczne użytkowanie Internetu w czasie wolnym przez młodzież w perspektywie psychologii uzależnień
Problematic Use of the Internet in Leisure Time of Young People In the Perspective of Addiction Psychology
Autorzy:
Zduniak, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31870189.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Tematy:
młodzież
nowe technologie
uzależnienia behawioralne
czas wolny
uzależnienie od Internetu
youth
new technologies
free time
internet addiction
behavioral addiction
Opis:
Artykuł poświęcony jest wybranym aspektom społeczno-psychologicznym nadmiernego korzystania z Internetu przez młodzież. Spędzanie czasu wolnego online dostarcza wielu korzyści, ale może być także przyczyną nowych, nieznanych wcześniejszym pokoleniom problemów. Nadmierne korzystanie z Internetu może przerodzić się w uzależnienie behawioralne i podobnie jak inne uzależnienia prowadzić do zaniedbywania innych sfer życia oraz poważnych szkód zdrowotnych i społecznych. Autorka przedstawia symptomy i kryteria problematycznego korzystania z Internetu, niektóre czynniki społeczno-kulturowe sprzyjające uzależnieniu, a także dane statystyczne z krajów rozwiniętych wskazujące na to, że nadmierne angażowanie się w nowe technologie i przenoszenie znaczącej części życia do świata wirtualnego staje się poważnym problemem społecznym, którego nie wolno lekceważyć.
The article is devoted to selected socio-psychological aspects of excessive use of the Internet by young people. Spending free time online provides many benefits, but it can also cause new problems unknown to previous generations. Excessive use of the Internet can turn into a behavioral addiction and, like other addictions, lead to neglect of other spheres of life and serious health and social harm. The author presents the symptoms and criteria of problematic Internet use, some socio-cultural factors contributing to addiction, as well as statistical data from developed countries showing that excessive involvement in new technologies and transferring a significant part of life to the virtual world is becoming a serious social problem, which must not be disregarded.
Źródło:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH; 2023, 22, 1; 47-59
2084-3364
2300-7109
Pojawia się w:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
FACEBOOK JAKO DETERMINANT UZALEŻNIENIA BEHAWIORALNEGO
FACEBOOK, AS DETERMINANT OF BEHAVIORAL ADDICTION
Autorzy:
Zbroszczyk, Dorota
Zaremba, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1827241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Tematy:
Facebook
uzależnienie behawioralne
behavioral addiction
Opis:
Współcześnie to już nie tylko przemoc czy przestępczość klasyfikują się do nieprawidłowych zachowań – ten wachlarz znacznie się rozszerzył o zachowania określane jako behawioralne. Zagadnienie to jest niezwykle złożone, dlatego że nie ma jednoznacznego określenia, czym jest, a czym nie jest tzw. uzależnienie behawioralne. Celem badań było określenie poziomu aktywności i uzależnienia od portalu społecznościowego Facebook, klasyfikowanego do wskazanego uzależnienia.
Nowadays it is not only violence or crime which are classified as incorrect. There is a wide range of actions extended by behavioral ones. This issue is very complex because there is no clear-cut definition of what behavioral addiction is and what it isn’t. The aim of the research is to define the level of use and addiction to social media, e.g. Facebook.
Źródło:
Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem; 2019, 4; 141-150
2543-7321
Pojawia się w:
Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phonoholism as a Personal Safety Threat
Autorzy:
Zbroszczyk, Dorota
Grubicka, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1808011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-09
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
phonoholism
virtual reality
cyberspace
computer addiction
Opis:
Using modern devices and global access to information have become one of the most important areas of people’s lives, especially in case of young people who have been dealing with technology and new media since they were very young. It is hard to imagine life without new information communication technologies. Communicating, making friends, gaining information, entertainment, pursuing hobbies and interests – it all happens through these technologies. Is virtual reality becoming the space of creativity of the young or their escape from real tasks that they should face in everyday life? The paper presents research on the compulsive usage of mobile phones and gives a detailed characteristics of the phenomenon of phonoholism in Masovian voivodship. The underlying research objective is the analysis of the negative effects of the excessive immersion of the users in the Internet and the ubiquitous presence thereof in people’s lives, with a particular emphasis being put on the impact the Internet has on young people. Among others, the research results have displayed low perception of the harmfulness of addiction to a mobile phone among the investigated youth.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2019, 29(29); 166-184
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uzależnienie od Facebooka a satysfakcja ze statusu związku
Autorzy:
Zawada, Kinga
Skurzyńska, Wiktoria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-28
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
media społecznościowe
związki romantyczne
Facebook
satysfakcja ze statusu związku
uzależnienie od Facebooka
social media
satisfaction with relationship status
Facebook addiction
romantic relationships
Opis:
Cel pracy Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie związku pomiędzy uzależnieniem od Facebooka a satysfakcją ze statusu związku. Materiał i metody W badaniu online wzięło udział 105 osób w wieku 18 -36 lat (M = 24,31, SD=3,35), w tym 63 kobiety i 42 mężczyzn. Osoby badane wypełniły skalę Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS; Andreassen, Torsheim, Brunborg, Pallesen, 2012) w polskiej adaptacji Charzyńskiej i Góźdź (2014) oraz Skalę Satysfakcji ze Statusu Związku (ReSta; Lehmann i in. 2015) w polskiej adaptacji Adamczyk (2019). Wyniki Przeprowadzono analizę korelacji między zmienną uzależnienie od Facebooka a satysfakcją ze statusu związku. Korelacja między zmiennymi okazała się istotna statystycznie. Wnioski Wyniki wskazują na istnienie związku między uzależnieniem od Facebooka a satysfakcją ze status związku. Istnieje potrzeba dalszych badań w tym obszarze, między innymi replikacja badania na większej grupie osób badanych.
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Facebook addiction and satisfaction with the relationship status. Material and methods The online study involved 105 participants between the age of 18-36 (M = 24.31, SD =3.35), including 63 women and 42 men. The participants completed the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS; Andreassen, Torsheim, Brunborg, Pallesen, 2012) in Polish adaptation by Charzyńska and Góźdź (2014) and the Satisfaction with Relationship Status Scale (ReSta; Lehmann et al., 2015) in Polish adaptation by Adamczyk (2019). Results Correlation analysis was carried out between Facebook addiction and satisfaction with the relationship status. Correlation between variables was statistical significant. Conclusions The findings revealed the existing link between Facebook addiction and status satisfaction. It is need of the future research in this area, among others replication of the study on the bigger respondents group.
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2021, 46, 1; 111-122
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social readaptation of adolescents addicted to psychoactive drugs
Readaptacja społeczna młodzieży uzależnionej od środków psychoaktywnych
Autorzy:
Zawada, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1627351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-24
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:
readaptacja społeczna
programy readaptacji społecznej
uzależnienie
substancje psychoaktywne
wykluczenie społeczne
social re-adaptation
social re-adaptation programmes
addiction
psychoactive substances
social exclusion
Opis:
W niniejszym opracowaniu omówiono wybrane działania terapeutyczne i rehabilitacyjne, które wchodzą w zakres świadczeń zdrowotnych prowadzonych w Katolickim Ośrodku Wychowania i Terapii Młodzieży „Nadzieja” w Bielsku-Białej. Podejmowane działania terapeutyczne i rehabilitacyjne ukierunkowane są również na readaptację społeczną. Pomoc w readaptacji społecznej osób okresowo wyizolowanych z naturalnego środowiska społecznego powinna być jedną z ważnych kwestii społecznych. Z reguły osoby, które są uzależnione od różnych substancji psychoaktywnych, lub te, które weszły w konflikt z prawem, pochodzą ze środowisk dysfunkcjonalnych, niezaradnych życiowo czy takich, w których nie były odpowiednio realizowane funkcje rodzinne. Podjęcie więc konkretnych działań na rzecz ponownego przystosowania tych osób do życia w środowisku może zapobiec kolejnemu wejściu w konflikt z prawem i poczuciu wykluczenia społecznego. Współcześnie podkreśla się znaczącą rolę pracy oraz kształcenia ogólnego i zawodowego, jako podstawowych czynników readaptacji społecznej. Także ważne są profilaktyka uzależnień, promocja zdrowego trybu życia, ergoterapia, arteterpia, aktywność sportowa, aktywność kulturalna. W wielu placówkach terapeutycznych i resocjalizacyjnych działają również specjalne programy readaptacji społecznej poprzez pracę charytatywną oraz wspieranie inicjatyw społecznych.
This paper discusses selected therapeutic and rehabilitation activities included in the scope of healthcare provided within the “Nadzieja” Catholic Youth Education and Therapy Centre in Bielsko-Biała. Therapeutic and rehabilitation activities are focused also on social readaptation. Support in social re-adaptation of persons temporarily isolated from their natural environment should be one of significant social issues. In general, persons addicted from various psychoactive substances or those who got in trouble with the law originate from dysfunctional environment, marked with social awkwardness or dysfunctionality of family functions. Thus taking specific actions aimed at re-adaptation of such persons to life in community may prevent them from getting in trouble with the law again or from developing the sense of social exclusion. Nowadays the significant role of work, as well as general and professional education are mphasised as the basic factors for social re-adaptation. Other important aspects include preventing addictions, promotion of healthy lifestyle, ergotherapy, art therapy, sports activity, and cultural activity. In many addiction treatment centres and corrective centres there are also special programmes of social re-adaptation by means of charity work or support for social initiatives.
Źródło:
Resocjalizacja Polska; 2021, 21; 471-487
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:
Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zażywanie leków OTC przez dzieci i młodzież
The use of OTC drugs by children and adolescents
Autorzy:
Zamroczyńska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046859.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-09
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
leki OTC
dzieci
nieletni
uzależnienie
OTC drugs
children
adolescent
addiction
Opis:
Leki OTC powinny spełniać wymogi bezpieczeństwa stosowania. Leki te są przeznaczone do zwalczania chorób powszechnych, łatwych do zdiagnozowania, o krótkim czasie leczenia. Są to najczęściej popularne środki przeciwbólowe, środki przeciw przeziębieniu, środki na kaszel i katar, na ból gardła, preparaty stosowane w leczeniu bólów mięśniowych i stawowych, leczeniu alergii, a także problemów gastrycznych. Leki sprzedawane bez recepty są dostępne w aptekach oraz punktach sprzedaży poza aptekami (w sklepach, na stacjach benzynowych). Leki bez recepty mogą być reklamowane m.in. w telewizji, Internecie, radiu, prasie. Fałszywe jest przekonanie, że leki bez recepty można zażywać bez kontroli ich dawkowania i interakcji z innymi substancjami, w  szczególności w przypadku zażycia zbyt dużej dawki leku. Leki dostępne bez recepty są wydawane bez zalecenia lekarza, a decyzję o ich stosowaniu podejmuje sam pacjent. W ostatnich latach konsumpcja leków OTC znacznie wzrosła, przede wszystkim z uwagi na ogromną ilość reklam, które zachęcają do ich kupowania, zarazem kreując potrzebę ich stosowania. Powszechna dostępność leków OTC tworzy wrażenie, że są to produkty bezpieczne, co może prowadzić do ignorowania załączonych do leków ulotek informacyjnych, lekomanii czy właśnie sprzedaży leków dzieciom i nieletnim, co może prowadzić do nadużywania przez nich leków OTC oraz uzależnienia od nich.
OTC drugs should meet the requirements for the safety of use. These drugs are intended for the control of common diseases, easy to diagnose, with a short treatment time. These are the most common painkillers, anti-cold medicines, cough and runny medicines, for sore throats, preparations used to treat muscle and joint pains, allergy and gastrointestinal problems. Drugs sold without a prescription are available in pharmacies and outlets outside pharmacies (in shops, at petrol stations). Drugs without a prescription can be advertised, among others on television, the Internet, radio, press. It is a false belief that over-the-counter medications can be taken without having to control their dosage and interaction with other substances, especially if you take too much. Non-prescription drugs are given without a doctor's recommendation, and the decision to use them is made by the patient himself. In recent years, the consumption of OTC drugs has increased significantly, primarily due to the huge amount of advertisements that encourage them to buy, while creating the need for their use. The widespread availability of OTC drugs creates the impression that they are safe products, which can lead to ignoring information leaflets. Medicines are sold to children and minors, which may lead to the abuse of OTC drugs and addiction
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze KUL; 2018, 4; 137-152
1897-7146
2719-4264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Marketing farmaceutyczny w Polsce - badanie przekazów reklamowych leków, suplementów diety i wyrobów medycznych
Autorzy:
Zalewski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1503797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
leki
marketing
media
reklama
lekomania
farmacja
medicines
advertising
pharmacy
drug addiction
Opis:
Streszczenie W niniejszym opracowaniu chciałem zwrócić uwagę czytelników, do jak dużych rozmiarów rozrósł się współczesny rynek reklam leków, suplementów diety i wyrobów medycznych. Według mojej najlepszej wiedzy, niniejszy artykuł stanowi pierwszą tak dużą analizę rynku, przygotowaną wyłącznie przez jednego autora. Materiał i metody W tym celu podjąłem się analizy treści reklam leków, suplementów diety i wyrobów medycznych w polskich mediach. Udało mi się zmierzyć natężenie reklam tych grup produktów w radio, telewizji i Internecie, klasyfikując je według kilku wybranych parametrów (analiza ilościowa). Wybrałem z tych przekazów również takie zabiegi marketingowe, które moim zdaniem najbardziej oddziałują na odbiorców i zachęcają ich do zakupu danego preparatu (analiza jakościowa). Wyniki Leki, suplementy diety i wyroby medyczne to najczęściej reklamowana kategoria produktów w mass mediach. Wnioski Wysoka częstotliwość emisji, duże nakłady na reklamę i odpowiednie zabiegi marketingowe budują wśród konsumentów nawyk sięgania po tabletkę w wielu sytuacjach.
Źródło:
Rozprawy Społeczne; 2020, 14, 2; 107-127
2081-6081
Pojawia się w:
Rozprawy Społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postawy rodziców i opiekunów wobec zażywania środków uzależniających przez młodych pacjentów poradni odwykowych
Parents’ Attitudes Towards Drug Addiction of Young Patients of Disaccustoming Clinics
Autorzy:
Zakrzewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698502.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
młodociani
środki uzależniające
narkomania
badania socjologiczne
badania kryminologiczne
rodzice
opiekunowie
leczenie uzależnień
juvenile
addictive substances
drug addiction
sociological research
criminological research
parents
addiction treatment
Opis:
The paper presents the finding of a longitudinal study of two problems: the addicts’ prospects of quitting drugs, and  the psycho-social factors conducive to success in this respect. The first study (conducted in the years 1974–1976) concerned all patients aged 15–28 treated in that period for repeated taking of drugs, at the disaccustoming clinic for young persons and at district clinics for adults in the city of Łódź. The total of 107 patients were examined (23 per cent of girls and 77 per cent of young men). According to medical diagnosis, 21 per cent of them suffered from a social, 50 per cent – from a psychological, and 29 per cent – from a physical dependence. After about 10 years, a catamnesis was carried out which concerned 80 patients. The methods applied in both parts of the study were: detailed interviews with the patients and their families; medical examination; and  analysis of a variety of documents. For the estimation of the fates of the sample, the following issues were of the key importance: persistence in or abandonment of addiction; permanence of abstinence; and the extent of self-dependence achieved. This complexity of the examined persons’ situation taken into account, the following criteria of improvement have been adopted: a) medical (persistence in abstinence); b) psychological (psychological acceptance of abstinence and the resulting change of lifestyle); and c) social (active engagement in the appropriate social roles). Basing on the above criteria, the following categories were distinguished within the sample:1) persons who persisted in addiction; 2) deceased in consequence of addiction; 3) those who quit taking drugs but still had various problems resulting from their former addiction; and 4) those who quit and had no special problems. Against previous expectations, persons who kept taking drugs (26 per cent) did not constitute the mos tnumerous group. Their mean period of taking drugs was 13.6 years. Their interests and social contacts were narrowed to problems related to the taking and production or obtaining drugs. They were generally emaciated and had increasing withdrawal symptoms. Persons of this group went through several months’periods of abstinence due to treatment, imprisonment, or a favourable occurrence in their lives. All of them, however, relapsed into addiction quite promptly, particularly when faced with unavoidable difficulties. Family life or married persons in this group was unhappy, and most marriages broke up: only those between two addicts still lasted. Biographies similar to those discussed above were also found in the case of persons (9 per cent) who died during catamnesis in circumstances that pointed to their death’s relationship with the taking of drugs and with addiction, interpreted also as a certain lifestyle. All persons of this group had been taking drugs for a long time (over five years), and their death was due either to serious diseases combined with emaciation, or occurred in unexplained circumstances as a border-line case between accident, suicide, and homicide. 3.The largest group (46 per cent) consisted of persons who admittedly quit taking drugs but still had various health and social problems related to their previous addiction. Their main problems were as follows: in the sphere of physical health, chronic gastritis, entero-gastric disorders. diseases of liver, heart probiems, reduced physical endurance, disturbances of sleep, and in the sphere of mental health: anxiety, hypersensibility, difficulties in establishing relations with others, depression, low selfesteem, lack of self-confidence, high emotional instability, latent inward anxiety, etc. The most important and frequent social problems included leaving secondary school and the related subsequent lack of professional qualifications, a more difficult start into adult life, the need to relinquish certain professional aspirations and a more interesting job, and a lack of prospects of promotion. In most respondents, this caused a sense of instability and inevitably gave rise to frustrations, increasing their passiveness and apathy. This situation was particularly painful for persons whose intellligence had been rather high before they started taking drugs and who used to have various interests and aspirations. The coincidence of the ahove circumstances also negatively affected their family and marital situation. The fates of persons who quit after several years of taking drugs seem to indicate that those persons’ tolerance to stress and ability to overcome difficulties had been greatly impaired during the period of addiction: as a consequence, they were subsequently unable to cope even with everyday matters which they perceived as great problems. The last group consisted of persons (19 per cent) who had been taking drugs for a shorter period as a rule (not longer than five years in general), and who were not only able to persist in abstinence during catamnesis but also met the psychological and social criteria of improvement. A high proportion of girls in this group (over 50 per cent) seems characteristic. Moreover, nearly all those persons were married: their marriages, happy as a rule, were a great assistance to them. Therefore, the total of 65 per cent of the sample succeeded to quit addiction. What was crucial here was not exactly the form of dependence (social, psychological, physical) but rather the length of the period of taking drugs. If a person has been taking drugs for over five years, his prospects of improvement diminish greatly, and favourable results can only be obtained in the course of a prolonged rehabilitation. The reasons that made most persons in the sample abandon their addiction were seeked both in their personality traits and family environments. What is characteristic is that a considerable portion of respondents come from the intelligentsia, with an average or even high social status and good material situation (in which respect they differ greatly from e.g. juvenile delinquents or young alcoholics). There is in such families a rather small extent of pathology such as alcoholism, crime, or prostitution. In most cases, the parents’ attitude to their children’s taking of drugs should be estimated as proper. The parents played an effective role, fighting for their children to quit as a general rule. Aware of the dangers related to drugs, they took energetic steps which consisted among others in changing the child’s environment (e. g. moving with him to another town), inducing him to undergo treatment and organizing that treatment, supervising his leisure activities, etc. Parents’ improper attitudes such as scenes, turning the child out, etc., were most seldom. The analysis of the reasons which made about two-thirds of respondents quit addiction included their character and intellectual traits defined in the course of psychiatric examination. There was in the sample a rather large number of individuals with the so-called immature personality, who at the age of about 25 were still characterized by traits such as a passive attitude to life; inconsideration for their own future; a poorly developed critical attitude towards themselves and their situation; emotional immaturity; dependence on others (e.g. the mother or friends); inabitity to act effectively, to overcome obstacles and to achieve distant aims; easy discouragement when faced with difficulties, etc. It was only during catamnesis, at the age of about 25, that the respondents’ former, largely childish attitudes were transformed with delay into normal traits of young persons. This development and the crystallization of personality, connected with the parents’ activities and their proper attitude towards the children’s addiction, were conducive to abandonment of addiction by, a considerable portion of the sample. Other factors which played this favourable role in the respondents’ biographies were: a rather high intellectual level; the “psychological shock” caused e.g. by detoxification at a mental hospital or the death of a close friend due to overdose; and imprisonment and going through the withdrawal syndrome in such conditions, etc. To interpret the findings, the conception of American alcohologist J. Ewing has been used: it speaks of inducing and protecting factors in the development of alcoholism. According to Ewing, an individual who starts taking drugs regularly is influenced by a number of biological, psychological, and social factors, some of them conducive to the development of addiction and others protecting the individual against it. Despite the opinions of some researchers, “protecting” factors prove strong enough to hold back even an already addicted person and to contribute to his abandonment of drugs. With the prolongation of the period of taking drugs, the influence of protecting factors wanes, and that of the ones which induce the individual to continue the taking of drugs and thus foster a further development of addiction spreads. The following practical conclusions have been drawn from the study: – Intensified therapeutic and rehabilitative treatment, during the first years of taking drugs in particular. – Co-operation with the addicts’ parents who should be instructed (e.g. about the ways of soothing difficulties in adjustment); whose activity should be assisted, e.g. through the organization of parents’ self-help associations; whose contacts with specialist clinics should be made easier, etc. – Creation of possibilities of medical and rehabilitative treatment for various cotegories of young persons addicted to drugs (not all of them feel comfortable in the existing centres, e.g. of the MONAR movement). – Short-term hospital treatments are reasonable at the initial stage of addiction (several years of taking drugs), as in that period the addicted person’s power of resistance can be strengthened inherent both in his personality and the environment. Help and care should be provided for addicts who have already drugs but have life problems caused or aggravaquited by their previous addiction.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1991, XVII; 339-373
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwój uzależnienia a zmiany społecznych zachowań młodocianych toksykomanów
The Progress of Dependence and Changes in the Social Behavior of Young Adult Drug Addicts
Autorzy:
Zakrzewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699054.pdf
Data publikacji:
1982
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
uzależnienie
toksykomania młodzieżowa
środki narkotyczne
zależność społeczna
zależność psychiczna
młodociani
zależność fizyczna
zmiany osobowości
addiction
youth toxicomania
narcotic drugs
social dependence
psychological dependence
juvenile
physical dependence
personality changes
Opis:
In the present study the changes in behavior of young adult drug addicts are described, which occurred as their dependence has developed since the beginning of taking drugs. We regard as scientifically fruitless frequent general statements concerning young adult (as well as adult) drug addicts irrespective of their age and the stage of dependence. The research on which the present study is based was a part of multidisciplinary studies of young adult drug addicts which were conducted by the Department of Mental Health of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Łódź in the years 1974-76. It concerned all patients aged 15-23 registered in the out-patient clinics for young drug addicts and in district out-patient clinics for adults in the city of Łódź because of the repeated taking of narcotic drugs. It is important to note that the discussed population consisted of 102 young adults, of which 23% were girls. Three detailed interviews were carried on in relation to each case: one with the mother of the given boy or girl (in exceptional cases with another adult member of the family), the second one at school with the tutor and the teachers, and the third one with the drug addict himself . The questionnaires on which the interviews were based took into account, to a high degree, the family conditions of the addicts, their behavior at home , from their earliest childhood up to the latest months, their school history, ways of spending their leisure time, the outset and circumstances of taking drugs, the use of alcohol, the peer groups, living problems in the period preceding the taking of drugs and in subsequent years, delinquency etc. Data were also collected concerning the criminal records of the addicts and the history of various diseases treated in different out-patient clinics. The study was conducted by a team of several persons working under supervision of the author of the present paper. Estimation of the degree of dependence was based on medical diagnosis. Among the addicts, the following three stages of dependence were distinguished: the stage of social dependence, that of mental dependence and the stage of physical dependence. The greatest part (50%) of the addicts were in the stage of mental dependence. The addicts were noticed to move to the more advanced stages of dependence in course of time. The mean duration of the period of taking drugs was: with young adults socially dependent 5 months, with those mentally dependent 1 year 5 months, and with those physically dependent 2 years 8 months. There are, however, limitations to this regularity. Some individuals withdrew from talking drugs within the first 12 months of social dependence. Others reached the stage of mental dependence very rapidly, so to say cutting down or even skipping the first stage of dependence. There were also those who remained for a long time in the preliminary stage of the illness, that is, that of mental dependence, revealing no symptoms of physical dependence even after one or two years. It is thus apparent that the progress of dependence and its rapidity are not the derivative of the length of the period of taking drugs only. An important role is also played by the intensity of taking drugs, by their peculiarities and by the individual immunity of the central nervous system of a given person. The notion of the so-called social dependence is controversial to a certain degree and as such used only by some of the authors. However, the results of the present study speak in its favor as the term defining the first, and so to say preliminary stage of dependence, preceding the next stages of dependence in the medical sense. In the present study the notion of social dependence is of a very broad range, i.e., its criteria are not limited to the pressure of the peer  group and the boy’s or girl’s eagerness to adjust themselves to this group. On the basis of the collected material, we included in the notion social dependence also the cases in which the addicts communicated with loose society circles, e.g. in cafés, which was accompanied by the predominant trend to adjust themselves to the fashion and customs of such circles, as well as the cases of an influence of individual persons of different sex attracted to each other. The notion of social dependence is worthy of separation, particularly, as the patterns of taking drugs have now become generally accepted among the youth. Taking certain drugs several times, or even once, caused a considerable improvement of mood of the individuals inclined to experience conflicts intensely, who had a low tolerance to frustration and a poor ability to overcome obstacles, if they only happened upon the drug which changed their mental stale favourably from their point of view. Phenmetrazine was good for some of the persons examined to suppress their mental inhibitions, while others used sedatives to suppress states of tension and excitement, still others - morphine and its derivatives to experience something new and to get away from the dullness of the everyday life. The process of social dependence turning into mental dependence among the addicts consisted in the fact that - as they were experimenting with various drugs in the company of others - they soon found that not only the interpersonal ties were hereby fortified, but also their hitherto only poorly tolerated mental state could undergo a favorable change. As this belief grew stronger and proved true in all next instances of taking the drug, they experienced the more and more intense desire to take such drugs whenever the state of tension, discouragement or irritation had reached a considerable degree of intensity. However, after some time the hitherto felt desires were dominated by additional and extremely trying sensations of not only mental but also physical nature which occurred in the periods of the break in drug taking. The addicts tried at any price to get rid of withdrawal symptoms. Most frequent were the complaints about the sensation of irritation, restlessness, inability to concentrate on anything, lack of energy, anxiety, insomnia or nightmares, headache and melalgia, hand tremor and other annoying and exhausting symptoms. The examined persons with these symptoms had already found themselves in the stage of physical dependence. In the diversity and variability of drugs taken by the addicts as their dependence developed, a following essential regularity could be noticed: the comparatively greatest diversity of drugs taken was usually found at the stage of social dependence. In that of mental dependence, morphine and the specimens approximal to it more and more prevailed among the drugs taken by a given individual, thus reducing the role of other drugs. The transition to physical dependence meant further concentration on the opiates (mainly morphine), while other drugs – including alcohol- became substitutes and were taken when the individual did not possess the favorite drug and thus felt  withdrawal symptoms. The danger of conversion to morphine and other opiates, with all its consequences, thus grew as the taking of drugs continued. It is a matter of course that, as the individual gradually needed drugs more and more difficult to obtain (that, is, those from the morphine group), which were sold at a higher price, and as he needed more and more of the drug and found it more and more difficult to do without - the ways of obtaining it had to change. A phenomenon occurs which can be called escalation not only of the drugs taken, but also of the means of obtaining them. The means in question become more and more ruthless, one counts less and less both with one’s own hitherto existing line of conduct and ambitions and with the probable reactions of the environment. The means of obtaining drugs grow also more and more absorbing, they engage more and more time and efforts. Simultaneously followed the process of diminution of individual interests and of the disappearance of ambitions in the addicts. It was more and more difficult for them to acquit themselves of the hitherto performed social roles. And thus, for instance, within the range of the role of a pupil, the following symptoms could be found among the addicts beginning from the stage of mental dependence: considerable difficulties of concentration, the slowing down of the run of thought, passiveness and drowsiness during the classes, increasing absence from school, being far away with thought even if physically present at school, regular remiss in doing homework, indifference to school failures, reluctance to undertake efforts to overcome them - that is, greater and greater slackness in the school duties. School, usually quitted in the advanced stages of dependence, gave place to irregular and chance periods of working, which did not in the least lead to any professional promotion of a given individual. All the hitherto existing forms of activity which satisfied their former interests and life plans were - as the dependence developed - replaced by the efforts to obtain every now and again new doses of the longed-for drug. Parallel to this process new specific elements appeared in the life of the addicts: contacts with out-patient clinics, stays in detoxication centres and mental hospitals, which repeated from time to time, and in a considerable number of the cases – court appearances ending more than once with imprisonment. In general, it must be stated that the progress of dependence has led to intense degradation changes in the lives of the addicts. The whole of those changes were composed of the following: increasing problems and failure at school, quitting school, aggravating conflicts at home, participation in youth groups and circles out of control which were characterized by socially negative patterns of behavior, giving up one’s professional ambitions, staying for months in hospitals, undergoing detoxication treatment, gradual limitation of one’s aims and interests to obtaining and taking drugs, court appearances every now and again.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1982, VIII-IX; 363-388
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The level of effectiveness of Polish legislation relating to health protection against the consequences of tobacco use
Autorzy:
Zajdel-Całkowska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116547.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-17
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
tobacco
legal regulations
health protection
tobacco use
tobacco addiction
protection of non-smokers
Opis:
The purpose of this work is to analyze the regulatory environment for tobacco use, with particular reference to changes made in the last 10 years. An attempt was made to answer the question of the extent to which the regulatory environment has a real impact on the achievement of the objective set out in the existing legal provisions, which is to protect the health and rights of the persons concerned. An analytical method was used in the work to assess the application of legal principles. A method of analyzing the current line of jurisprudence was also used. In the process of final evaluation of public utilities, certain functional methods were used. The assessment was subjected to Polish law, within the scope of the currently binding Act on Health Protection Against the Consequences of Using Tobacco and Tobacco Products of 1995. The study states that the provisions of this Act are only a formal guarantee of protection. The liability arising from the application of its standard is illusory because the procedure for imposing penalties is ineffective. The pursuit of any property claims related to violation of the rights of related entities, as envisaged in this Act, is complicated. This does not apply to a case which is not affected by the decision.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 5; 599-610
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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