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Tytuł:
Possibilities and limitations of research methods of the social structure in the Roman Iron Age in Poland
Autorzy:
Gryzińska-Sawicka, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Roman era
Wielbark culture
social structure
Opis:
The question of structure of prehistoric communities constitutes an interesting, yet challenging research problem. Most often it is analyzed from the perspective of the equipment of individuals buried it cemeteries. Researchers dealing with the Roman period, largely base their studies on the qualitative and quantitative diversity of funerary material, assume that the richly furnished graves belonged to rich people (elites), and poorly equipped – respectively – to the poor. They take into account the present value of materials of which objects were made (gold, silver), even though they may not have been as significant as they are today. A major problem in the study of social structure turns out to be the poorly preserved bone material which often prevents anthropologists from determining sex and age of the deceased. The solution could be found in the study of fossil DNA, able to answer questions about the possible existence of kinship and family sectors in the cemeteries. What is more, the study of stable isotopes of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon, although not without limitations, can support archeology in finding answers to questions if diet could be related to social status (or dependent on sex, age, wealth, etc.). Finally, in the study of social structure, the research on divisions arising from labor and its distribution according to sex is also used. In the studies of social structure it is crucial to realize that burial is an intentional action, which is influenced by the aspirations of family members of the deceased, grief, emotions related to death, and even current “fashion”. Therefore, asking questions about the social structure and using methods which are to help obtain the answers, what we really ask about is the attitude of the living towards the deceased and death itself, as well as their own idea of the afterlife.
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2015, 20; 181-194
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Piece wapiennicze z południowo-zachodniej strefy osadnictwa kultury wielbarskiej w fazie lubowidzkiej na tle porównawczym – przegląd źródeł
Autorzy:
Michałowski, Andrzej
Teska, Milena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023777.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
lime kilns
Wielbark culture
Roman Iron Age
Opis:
This article is intended to complement the present state of knowledge on the lime production conducted in the area covered by the settlement of the Wielbark culture in the earlier stage of its development. The article includes a review of available evidence of such a production, reflected within a settlement by the presence of a lime kilns. The article focuses mainly on the presence of such features in the south-western area occupied by the Wielbark communities.
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2015, 20; 317-337
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fenomen „situli”? – znaczenie naczyń glinianych określanych mianem „situl” w obrządku pogrzebowym ludności kultury wielbarskiej w Wielkopolsce
Autorzy:
Żychliński, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Wielbark culture
“situlas”
burial rite
cemeteries
settlements
Opis:
The aim of this article is to present issues concerning the presence of so called situlas (pottery vessels, no bronze) in Wielbark culture inventories from Wielkopolska. These vessels are very rare within cemeteries and settlements as well. And until now the criteria of such spatial distribution have remained unknown. In this paper so called situlas from Wielkopolska will be characterised, particularly in the context of their deposition in individual graves and within the necropolises, as well as within settlements. Further parts of this article deal with research problems connected with the role and meaning of so called situlas in Wielbark culture burial rite in Wielkopolska, in particular in the light of anthropological analysis results. The paper also presents the hypothesis explaining sparsity of so called situlas occurrence and very specific localisation of these vessels in the area of Wielkopolska. At the end of the article research demands and questions will be presented. They will enable and give direction for further discussion on the compelling issue of phenomenon of so called situlas of full spatial and chronological aspects of their occurrence.
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2015, 20; 557-567
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podstawy społeczne i ekonomiczne powstania fenomenu złotnictwa wielbarskiego
The social and economic bases of the Wielbark Goldsmithing
Autorzy:
Gralak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15818112.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Wielbark culture
gold artefacts
exchange
amber
silver
Opis:
In the early first century AC, in the north of Poland (predominantly in Pomerania), the Wielbark culture developed with its group of specific features. Among them were numerous items of jewellery. It seems that their use was related to an extended social hierarchy and distant inter-regional trade contacts. The raw material used by the jewellers was most probably obtained from melted Roman coins. Amber exports were at the economic basis of obtaining the coins. The most frequent forms of trinkets:snake- and adder-inspired bracelets, reverse pear pendants, S-shaped buckles and others, are of entirely foreign origin. Their prototypes can be traced back to the pre-Roman areas along the Danube occupied by the Thracians and the Dacians or the La Tène culture population.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2022, 63; 7-40
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Endokanibalizm – rytualny posiłek jako element kultu przodków
Endocannibalism – a ritual meal as part of ancestors’ worship
Autorzy:
Żychliński, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023856.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Endocannibalism
ancestors’ worship
Wielbark culture
Wielkopolska (Greater Poland)
Opis:
This article presents the hypothesis concerning the practicing of ritual eating of dead bodies of family members by people of Wielbark culture in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) in the Roman Period. Such practices are called as endocannibalism and this custom is connected very closely with ancestors’ worship. It is an expression of love to a dead family member and an attempt of assimilating his best features. Such a possibility is suggested by archaeological discoveries made at Wielbark culture cemeteries in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland). Endocannibalism was noticed in the past, but is also recorded in modern times.
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2018, 23; 231-243
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ceramika kultur oksywskiej i wielbarskiej z Pucka na Pomorzu Wschodnim
Pottery of the Oksywie and Wielbark Cultures from Puck in Eastern Pomerania
Autorzy:
Chrupek, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/551163.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-28
Wydawca:
Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:
kultura oksywska
kultura wielbarska
osada
Oksywie Culture
Wielbark Culture
settlement
Opis:
The article presents an analysis of the settlement pottery of the Oksywie and Wielbark Cultures obtained during excavations of the medieval town hall at Plac Wolności (Liberty Square) in Puck in the county of the same name in the years 2007–2010 (Fig. 1). The works yielded 988 potsherds, the majority of which represent the Oksywie culture and are dated to the Late Pre-Roman Period. Wielbark culture pottery from the Roman period was recorded in smaller numbers, as were the sherds characteristic of the Lusatian and Pomeranian Cultures not included in this study. Ceramic material occurred in a single layer under the primary humus, with only a few secondarily displaced fragments found in medieval layers. Neither settlement features nor distinct pottery clusters were observed in the prehistoric layer. The pottery of the Oksywie and Wielbark Cultures was classified based on the findings of A. Strobin (2011) and the study by R. Wołągiewicz (1993), respectively. Most of the very fragmented ceramic material consists of rim sherds and upper body sherds from large (Fig. 2:1–4, 3:1.2), medium (Fig. 3:3. 4:1), and small (Fig. 4:2–4) vessels of different forms and with mouth diameters smaller or equal to the greatest diameter of the body. Among the few identified specimens, there is a medium-sized, Oksywie Culture type V.L vase (Fig. 3:3) and a type VI.C cup (Fig. 4:5) acc. to A. Strobin (2011). A fragment of an inturned rim (Fig. 4:6) probably comes from a handleless type IA pot acc. to R. Wołągiewicz (1993), a form prevalent throughout the entire Roman Period. The shape of the rims (Fig. 2, 3, 4:1–5, 5:2–10) of the Oksywie and Wielbark vessels is characteristic of the pottery made from the end of phase A2 / beginning of phase A3 to the beginning of phase B1, which would indicate continued settlement of the both cultural units at the turn of the era in the area of the present-day market town square in Puck. The few ornamented sherds decorated predominantly with vertical, horizontal, or oblique grooves (Fig. 5:12–14) came from the vessels of both the Oksywie and Wielbark Cultures. The sherd with an obliquely incised applied band of clay separated from an ornament of grooved oblique chevrons forming a zigzag by a smooth band (Fig. 5:11) as well as another fragment covered with lines made with a comb (Fig. 5:15) are typical of the Wielbark Culture. An interesting find is the ceramic disc (Fig. 5:16). Until recently, such objects of unclear purpose have been encountered solely at the Przeworsk culture settlements and have appeared in the features associated with the Wielbark culture only at the multicultural sites in Juszkowo-Rusocin, Gdańsk County (J. Bednarczyk, A. Romańska 2011, 181, fig. II:4.5.8–11, pl. II:4.2) and Lipianki, Kwidzyn County (A. Strobin 2015, p. 138–139, figs. 14:2, 20:4, 33:9). The settlement of the Oksywie and Wielbark Cultures in Puck was situated near a cliff over the Bay of Puck (M. Starski 2011a, pl. 66, fig. 2); such a location is characteristic of the Kashubian Coast sites from the Late Pre-Roman Period (K. Przewoźna 1974a, 172; 1974b, 37). It could have belonged to the Oksywie Culture settlement cluster, composed of the settlements in Jastarnia, Ostrów, Białogóra, and Tupadły and the cemeteries in Karlikowo, Krokowa and Połchowo, all in the County of Puck. Unfortunately, it is difficult to characterise the settlement of the Oksywie and Wielbark Cultures in the area of Kępa Pucka and its surroundings in more detail, as for most of the local sites we only have very sparse information at our disposal.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXX, 70; 203-210
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cicho zmarli leżą – badania na cmentarzysku kurhanowym kultury wielbarskiej w Bagiczu, gm. Ustronie Morskie, pow. kołobrzeski, woj. zachodniopomorskie
They are laying quietly – excavation on wielbarkian barrow cemetery in Bagicz (West Pomeranian Voivodeship)
Autorzy:
Chmiel-Chrzanowska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Wielbark Culture
Roman Iron Age
Cemetery
Barrows
LIDAR
Excavations
Opis:
The following paper presents results of research on newly found barrow site of Wielbark Culture in Bagicz. The cemetery was discovered by LIDAR scan analysis. Thanks to this and terrain verification a total number of 57 mounds of varying size and degree of destruction were noted. To define estimated chronology of the site one of the barrows was excavated. Relation of that kind of site to Wielbark Culture is very interesting, especially in the context of its location as well as the cultural situation in the Roman Iron Age at the estuary of the Parsęta River.
Źródło:
Raport; 2018, 13; 85-96
2300-0511
Pojawia się w:
Raport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wyniki badań kurhanu nr V. Babi Dół – Borcz, Powiat Kartuzy
Results of investigation of barrow no V. Babi Dół – Borcz, District Kartuzy
Autorzy:
Mączyńska, M.
Pawlikowski, M.
Jakubczyk, I.
Harasim, P.
Babicz, M.
Sęk, M.
Synowiec, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/344041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
nakł. Maciej Pawlikowski
Tematy:
kultura wielbarska
Babi Dół – Borcz
Wielbark culture
barrow no V
Opis:
W roku 2013 wykonano badania archeologiczne, geologiczne, mineralogiczno-petrograficzne i geochemiczne kurhanu nr V, znajdującego się na cmentarzysku kultury wielbarskiej w Babim Dole – Borczu, powiat Kartuzy. Badania obejmowały prace eksploracyjne kurhanu i jego najbliższego otoczenia, badania geologiczne profili wytypowanych obiektów, zarówno naturalnych, jak i pochodzenia antropogenicznego, badania mineralogiczno-petrograficzne skał wykorzystanych do konstrukcji kurhanu, badania geochemiczne orsztynów występujących w otoczeniu grobów z otoczenia kurhanu. Badania te miały na celu rekonstrukcje faz budowy kurhanu, prześledzenie zjawisk im towarzyszących, jak też rozpoznanie wybranych zjawisk, które zachodziły w stanowisku po dokonaniu pochówków.
Archaeological as well as geological and mineralogical investigation of Wielbark culture barrow at the site Babiu Dół-Borcz, District Kartuzy were performed. The examination of geological profiles of natural and anthropogenic origin were studied. Moreover examination of products of corrosion of bronze objects, secondary products of alternation of bones, petrography of stone cover was done. Additionally chemical investigation showed sorption of Cu, Zn, P and other by secondary iron concentrations present in local sands. Obtained results suggest preparation of barrow before death of person burred at examined barrow.
Źródło:
Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering; 2014, 17; 1-29
1689-6742
Pojawia się w:
Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Roman denarii in the Bogaczewo and Sudovian cultures
Denary rzymskie w kulturach bogaczewskiej i sudowskiej
Autorzy:
Zapolska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16530140.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
Bogaczewo culture
Sudovian culture
Wielbark culture
West Balts
denarii
sestertii
hoards
cemeteries
settlements
Opis:
Since the majority of coins found on the territory of the Bogaczewo and Sudovian cultures are sestertii, the bulk of silver coins sum up to only a few percent of all coin finds. They have been discovered mainly on the cemetries (in graves and as surface finds) and in hoards. They have been scarcely found in settlements. Grave finds yielded silver coins, just like sestertii, along with other artefacts charactersitic for late Roman period. The fact that all these silver coins and sestertii are dated to 1st to 2nd century A.D. suggests that they could have come simultanously. Silver coins have appeared both in homogenous hoards and together with copper-alloy coins, as in the case of Scandava and other collective finds. The bulk of silver coins from collective finds is also similar to the bulk of copper-alloy coins: the oldest coins are dated to Vespasian’s reign and the majority of coins are dated to the Antonines period. Denarii appeared in the West Balts circle as a result of the contacts between the Balt tribes and the representatives of German tribes from the Wielbark culture. We should also consider another direction of the influx of denarii to the Bogaczewo and Sudovian cultures, i.e. through Sambia, where they could have come from Scandinavia (2 maps, 3 tables, 6 diagrams).
Denary oraz inne monety srebrne należą do rzadkości wśród znalezisk z terenów kultury bogaczewskiej i sudowskiej. Wśród przeważającej masy sesterców stanowią niewielki procent wszystkich znalezisk. Znajdowane były przede wszystkim na cmentarzyskach (w grobach oraz luźno na powierzchni) i skarbach. Sporadycznie występowały na terenie osad. W znaleziskach grobowych występują, podobnie jak sesterce, wraz z zabytkami typowymi dla późnego okresu wpływów rzymskich. Są to również najczęściej monety bite w I i II wieku po Chr., co sugeruje, że napłynęły w tym samym czasie, co monety brązowe. W znaleziskach gromadnych mogą występować wraz z monetami brązowymi (np. depozyt ze Skandawy) lub w skarbach jednorodnych. W tym przypadku pula monet srebrnych również pokrywa się z pulą monet brązowych — przeważają tu monety bite za panowania dynastii Antoninów, a najstarsze emitowane były za panowania Wespazjana. Przyczyną występowania denarów w kręgu zachodniobałtyjskim były najprawdopodobniej kontakty plemion zachodniobałtyjskich z germańskimi sąsiadami — przedstawicielami kultury wielbarskiej. Pod uwagę należy również wziąć możliwość, że napływ monet srebrnych na tereny kultury bogaczewskiej i sudowskiej mógł odbywać się za pośrednictwem Sambii, gdzie denary napłynąć mogły ze Skandynawii.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne; 2008, 52, 2(186); 139-165
0043-5155
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alleged burial mounds from the late Roman Period at leśnictwo Sacharewo site 3, Białowieża Primeval Forest
Autorzy:
Krasnodębski, Dariusz
Olczak, Hanna
Mizerka, Jagoda
Niedziółka, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1774807.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
cemetery
mounds
Roman Period
Białowieża Primeval Forest
Wielbark culture
post-Zarubintsy culture
Opis:
The article presents results of excavations carried out at an alleged barrow cemetery located in the western part of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. The site, discovered in 1996 and verified in 2016, consists of 10 mounds. In 2017, the first excavations were carried out when the mound no. 3, with a diameter of c. 9 m and a relative height of c. 0.7 m, located on the northern edge of the site, was chosen for research. In the mound 39 potsherds were found. The scarcity of ceramic material and the high degree of its fragmentation make the stylistic analysis difficult. The technological and stylistic features of the discussed pottery are typical for ceramics from a wide timespan, ranging from the Pre-Roman Period to the Late Roman Period. Their precise dating and cultural affiliation are difficult to determine due not only to the small size of the collection but also to the lack of well-dated comparative materials from the Białowieża Forest and its surroundings. A 14C analysis of charcoal obtained from the embankment of the mound yielded an approximation which fits between the second half of the 3rd century and the early 6th century. The cul- tural situation of north-eastern Poland in the Pre-Roman and Roman periods remains insufficiently recognised. Excavations carried out over the past dozen years have revealed many settlements related to the local culture group of the Hatched Pottery Culture and the Wielbark Culture, with some influences flowing from the postZarubintsy circle. In the course of the excavations, no human bones were found which would unambiguously confirm the sepulchral function of the mound. The Sacharewo mound is a part of a wider category of objects known from throughout the Białowieża Forest in which no bones were discovered but only fragments of clay vessels or charcoal layers.
Źródło:
Światowit; 2018, 57; 89-99
0082-044X
Pojawia się w:
Światowit
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie analizy fenomenologicznej Ch. Tilleya w praktyce badawczej na przykładzie wybranych stanowisk z kręgami kamiennymi na Pomorzu
Autorzy:
Filipczak, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/631226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
landscapes archaeology
phenomenology of landscapes
stone circles
cemetery
Wielbark Culture
Pomerania
Opis:
In my paper, I intended to present the interpretational possibilities of a selected theoretical model, taken from the comprehensive landscape current, focusing on three burial grounds with stone circles in Pomerania, which present considerable analytical potential. These sites have a long standing record of research, relatively well explored acreage, substantial literature and, fortunately enough, some data on the possible past natural environment, provided by palinological research.  I have conducted phenomenological analysis of the space according to the tenets of its creator, Ch. Tilley. It is a two-stage analysis, combining empirical description and theoretical interpretation. The sites I have selected, i.e. Odry, Węsiory and Grzybnica, approached as phenomena found in the Wielbark culture, were, in my opinion, perfectly suited to be subjected to such analysis. The latter confirmed the sacral and symbolic character, while thanks to the detailed description at the interpretation stage, I managed to outline their significance as an important site where the worlds of the living and the dead came into contact. A site chosen in the past by the human chiefly due to its location in the natural surroundings, which points to presence of an important relation between man and environment, a relation which made burial grounds become sites, experienced and created by man in the landscape. I am of the opinion that the work in which I utilised phenomenological analysis advanced by Ch. Tilley provides a positive answer to the question concerning the relation between man and his surroundings. The model proved valid in my research, allowing to obtain something in the shape of a picture of the past landscape. At the beginning, I wrote that “I would like to find man behind the silent stones of forgotten necropolises.” I have no doubt that I have managed to accomplish it. Even if the discovered, yet unspeaking man, who lived almost 2000 years ago, was presented by means of contemporary language of the researcher. No theoretical model can produce concrete, verifiable and conclusive answers. Thanks to my analysis I arrived at a probable depiction of past reality, which nevertheless will remain yet another interpretation of the same research material. In my opinion, this is precisely what constitutes the work of an archeologist, who ceaselessly poses questions and looks for the answer, trying to divine the silent past and to revive it in his/her words.
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2010, 1-2; 13-36
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plant exploitation by the inhabitants of the Wielbark culture settlement complex near the village Ulów, SE Poland, at the background of the natural environment
Autorzy:
Pidek, Irena Agnieszka
Wasylikowa, Krystyna
Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52589906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
pollen analysis
fruits
seeds
wood charcoals
Wielbark culture
Roman period
Polska
Opis:
Palynological and archaeobotanical investigations were carried out on a large settlement complex of the Wielbark culture dated to the late Roman and early Migration periods, situated near the village Ulów in the Middle Roztocze, SE Poland. Pollen diagrams which covered the Subboreal and Subatlantic periods revealed the development of forests with European hornbeam Carpinus betulus, lime Tilia sp., oak Quercus sp. and common beech Fagus sylvatica in the Subboreal and the spread of silver fir Abies alba in the Subatlantic phase. Pollen spectra from both periods provided the evidence of cereal cultivation and animal grazing in the neighbourhood of the settlement. The analysis of daub coming from the Wielbark culture features documented the predominance of common barley Hordeum vulgare and common millet Panicum miliaceum among the cereals and probably lesser significance of wheat, emmer Triticum dicoccon or einkorn T. monococcum. Charcoal assemblages were examined from the settlement and from the cemetery. Taking into account the number of charcoal fragments, Quercus sp. was the most abundant taxon, followed by Fagus sylvatica, Carpinus betulus, Scots pine Pinus sylvestris, and birch Betula sp. Other taxa were only occasionally found. The taxonomic lists were very similar in the settlement and the cemetery, but there was a discrepancy between the predominating taxa since birch was the most frequent at the cemetery and oak in the settlement.
Źródło:
Folia Quaternaria; 2017, 85; 81-108
0015-573X
2199-5915
Pojawia się w:
Folia Quaternaria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ozdoby stroju wykonane z paciorków w kulturze wielbarskiej
Costume decorations made of beads in Wielbark culture
Autorzy:
Żyto, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/681883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
kultura wielbarska
paciorki
kolie
dekoracje
aplikacje
Wielbark culture
beads
necklaces
decorations
applications
Opis:
The main purpose of the article is to present various forms of costume decoration in Wielbark culture. The analysis was based on well-known burials with an intact arrangement of monuments in the burial cavern. On this basis, decorations made of beads were highlighted. In addition to the necklaces that adorned the area of the neck and chest, vertical compositions are particularly noteworthy, in which the beads were discovered in a line from the level of the neck to the waist level. In addition, beads were used to trim robes in the form of applications. Another type are beads decorating belt and sachets or purses.
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Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2018, 33; 75-92
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy i perspektywy badań paleodemograficznych nad kulturą wielbarską na przykładzie cmentarzyska w Kowalewku
Autorzy:
Chmiel-Chrzanowska, Marta
Fetner, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1367826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
bioarchaeology
palaeodemography
research methods
Wielbark culture
bioarcheologia
kultura wielbarska
metody badań
paleodemografia
Opis:
The article presents problems and prospects of palaeodemographic research on burial grounds of the Wielbark Culture exemplified with Site no 12 in Kowalewko. So far mainly mortality tables have been used in the research. But, as it seems, taking into consideration limitations of that method and the specificity of the input data, i.e. the graves, it is impossible to obtain trustworthy results. The article presents and analyses an alternative solution, exemplified with the burial site in Kowalewko chosen for its representativeness. For comparative reasons the results have been juxtaposed with an analysis of a Medieval skeleton burial site in Kałdus.
W artykule zaprezentowano problemy oraz perspektywy badań paleodemograficznych na cmentarzyskach kultury wielbarskiej na przykładzie stanowiska 12 w Kowalewku. W dotychczasowych pracach paleodemograficznych nad kulturą wielbarską wykorzystywano przede wszystkim tablice wymieralności. Wydaje się jednak, że z uwagi na poważne ograniczenia owej metody i specyfikę danych wejściowych, jakimi są groby, nie można uzyskać tą drogą wiarygodnych wyników. W niniejszym artykule zaproponowano i poddano krytyce alternatywne rozwiązanie. Analiza przeprowadzona została dla cmentarzyska w Kowalewku z uwagi na jego reprezentatywność. W celach porównawczych wyniki zestawiono z analizą średniowiecznego cmentarzyska szkieletowego w Kałdusie.
Źródło:
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski; 2016, 38, 3; 7-29
0079-7189
2719-4345
Pojawia się w:
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bronze Tripartite Belt Hooks from Pomerania as Proof of Cultural Connections in the Late Pre-Roman and Roman Period
Autorzy:
Strobin, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/550994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-28
Wydawca:
Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:
bronze tripartite belt hooks
Oksywie Culture
Jastorf Culture
Wielbark Culture
Late Pre-Roman Period
Roman Period
Opis:
Tripartite bronze belt hooks of type Kostrzewski III are indicators of female attire in the Late Pre-Roman Period in Pomerania. Here, belt hooks from 31 sites have been collected, all of them related to the Oksywie or Wielbark Cultures, or to the Oder Group of the Jastorf Culture. Finds from outside of Pomerania are also included as comparative objects. The most common form of such belt hooks in Pomerania was type IIIb, being in use from phase A2 of the Late Pre-Roman Period. Roughly at the same time, these belt hooks appeared in Brandenburg. Belt hooks of type IIIa are somewhat older, while belt hooks of type IIIc are younger, as they were in use from phase A3 up to phase B2 of the Roman Period. Chronology of the artefacts, indicates that Pre-Roman traditions persisted in the Roman Period, even though belt buckles had been already introduced.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXX, 70; 3-42
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znalezisko późnorzymskiej fibuli na wczesnośredniowiecznym grodzisku w Zbuczu koło Hajnówki – kontynuacja tradycji czy przypadkowa zguba?
A Late Roman Fibula from the Early Medieval Hillfort in Zbucz near Hajnówka – Continuation of a Tradition or an Accidental Loss?
Autorzy:
Krasnodębski, Dariusz
Mizerka, Jagoda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/551151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-28
Wydawca:
Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:
okres wpływów rzymskich
kultura wielbarska
grodzisko wczesnośredniowieczne
fibula
Roman Period
Wielbark Culture
medieval hillfort
Opis:
The basin of the Upper Narew River is home to one of the most interesting features connected with the early medieval Mazovian-Ruthenian borderland – the hillfort in Zbucz (site 3, AZP 45-89/4). It consists of an earthen embankment with a height of 1 to 2.5 m and average width of up to 10 m, surrounding a flat, 80-m-diameter courtyard entered from the south (Fig. 1, 2). During five excavation seasons, 10 trial trenches were explored and a non-invasive magnetic prospection was carried out (D. Krasnodębski, W. Małkowski 2018). The results obtained indicate two phases of construction of the fortifications. The main wood-and-earth rampart, reinforced from the outside with clay, was built in the 970s, then the fortifications were partially rebuilt no later than at the end of the 10th/beginning of the 11th century. Inside the hillfort, at the foot of the rampart, there was a shallow ditch in which small fragments of burnt human and animal bones were found. Moreover, several metal objects had been purposefully placed there: a bronze bracelet, a two-piece iron bit, an iron ‘horseshoe’, a C-shaped fire-steel, and two whole clay vessels (D. Krasnodębski, H. Olczak 2019, 95–96). This unusual collection of finds seems to indicate a special, perhaps cult/religious purpose for the ditch. On the outer side of the passageway leading to the hillfort, at a depth of about 0.7 m below the surface, a fragment of pavement (layer 234) formed by loosely distributed small stones embedded in clay was exposed directly on the virgin soil (Fig. 3–5). It is impossible to determine whether this pavement was located only within the gateway (meaning it would have to have been built during the construction of the rampart) or extended beyond it (thus being older than the hillfort). An incomplete fibula of group VI (Fig. 6), type A.161–162 (O. Almgren 1923, 77, pl. VII:161.162), with a narrow returned foot and a flat-convex section of the bow of 4.4 cm in length was found in this layer. Brooches type A.161–162 are found relatively frequently at Wielbark Culture sites in the Upper Narew and Middle Bug River basins. They are dated to the Late Roman Period – from phase C1a to C2 (K. Godłowski 1974, 29; R. Wołągiewicz 1974, 145; J. Jaskanis 1996, 111; J. Andrzejowski 2001, 257). This find is the only object from the Roman Period that has been discovered at the hillfort. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that an older cemetery or settlement, heretofore unknown, existed within a short distance of the hillfort. It should also be taken into account that the layer of stones on which the fibula was found may be the remains of a sub-barrow pavement (cf. J. Jaskanis 2012, 210). However, the lack of human bones and other artefacts from the Roman Period speaks against this interpretation. It is also possible that the pavement with the brooch is a remnant of a destroyed cult enclosure, similar to the one discovered in the Białowieża Forest in 2017 (Forestry Wilczy Jar 2, AZP 45-91/28). It consists of a small hill dating from the middle of the 3rd to the beginning of the 5th century, measuring about 17 m in diameter, and surrounded by an earthen rampart faced with stones. A layer with loosely scattered stones and burnt debris, containing fragments of ceramics and small burnt animal bones, was found on its grounds. If we consider both described places to be similar, we can assume that the ceremonial and cult role of the hillfort in Zbucz in the early Middle Ages may date back to the late Roman times.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXX, 70; 219-224
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Novaesium type chape from the area of Międzyrzecz
Autorzy:
Kontny, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1774651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Wielbark Culture
Roman Empire
weapons
Novaesium type chape
Barbaricum
Crisis of the Third Century
Opis:
A copper alloy chape was found by chance by a detectorist, Ernest Buczkowski, at Silna – several kilometers to the east of Międzyrzecz. It is a unipartite form with an openwork crescent decoration on the front side fastened to the scabbard with the use of a nail. One should attribute the item to the Roman type Novaesium, dated to the late 2nd century and the first half of the 3rd century. Outside the Roman limes, it was popular in the Elbe Circle as well as the Isle of Funen and the Jutland Peninsula during Subphases C1a and C1b. Some of the chapes of the said type (specifically the multipartite specimens) may be treated as barbarian replicas of Roman originals. However, it is not the case for the finding from Międzyrzecz. It is the second find of this type from the territory of Poland. It should be associated with the Wielbark Culture, which was situated in the Międzyrzecz region in the beginning of the Early Roman Period. It makes the finding very intriguing, as this cultural unit is characterised by the lack of weapons among the grave goods; therefore, the one in question sheds some light on the problem of armament in the Wielbark Culture.
Źródło:
Światowit; 2018, 57; 83-88
0082-044X
Pojawia się w:
Światowit
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe materiały z okresu wpływów rzymskich z Osówki, pow. lubelski
New Finds from the Roman Period from Osówka, Lublin County
Autorzy:
Kuzioła, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:
Barbaricum
cmentarzyska
kultura przeworska
kultura wielbarska
zapinki
importy rzymskie
cemeteries
Przeworsk Culture
Wielbark Culture
brooches
Roman imports
Opis:
Until now, Osówka (Fig. 1) has been known from the scant mention by Stefan Nosek who described an accidentally discovered grave of the Przeworsk Culture. In 1994, attempts were made to localise the site, but they proved unsuccessful. The breakthrough came in 2008 thanks to three bronze brooches that were handed over to Ass. Prof. Piotr Łuczkiewicz from the Institute of Archaeology at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. In the same year, a local site inspection was carried out to further verify the find. During exploration of the site, several fragments of pottery were found, including possibly shards of Przeworsk Culture vessels. The brooches from Osówka were typologically identified as a late form of the Almgren 41 type, an Almgren 96 type, and a provincial Roman knee brooch of the Almgren 247 type. Almgren 41 brooches are widespread in Wielbark Culture areas and much less common in Przeworsk Culture areas. Such brooches are traditionally dated to the late stage of phase B2 and above all to phases B2/C1 or B2/C1–C1a. Based on size, the Osówka copy (Fig. 2:a) was determined as type X1 according to the classification proposed by Jan Schuster. This is an interregional form mostly found in female burials. Almgren 96 brooches (Fig. 2:b) are typical of the Wielbark Culture, however, in much smaller numbers they also appear in the Przeworsk Culture area. The type is the guiding form of the B2/C1 phase. The third brooch (Fig. 2:c), having a semi-circular head plate ornamented with a so-called wolf teeth pattern should be assigned to type 13D after Werner Jobst or to variant 3.12.1 according to the classification by Emilie Riha. These types of brooches are characteristic of the Danube and Rhine provinces of the Roman Empire where were in use mostly in the 2nd and 3rd century CE. Osówka brooches confirm that that the site was a Roman Period cemetery. The grave published by Stefan Nosek proves that in phase B2 it was used by a local Przeworsk community. Three brooches found in 2008 are evidence that the cemetery remained in use in phase B2/C1. However, it is very difficult to determine its cultural affiliation in this phase. In eastern Poland (i.e. right-bank Mazovia, Podlachia, and the Lublin Region) at the turn of the early and late Roman Period, the current Przeworsk settlement was gradually replaced by the Wielbark settlement.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXXI, 71; 384-388
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ze studiów nad obrządkiem pogrzebowym społeczności kultury wielbarskiej na Pojezierzu Gnieźnieńskim. Przykład cmentarzyska w Palędziu Kościelnym (stan. 1) w powiecie mogileńskim
Autorzy:
Smaruj, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023904.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Roman Iron Age
cemetery
burial mound
funeral riteS
Wielbark culture
Palędzie Kościelne
Gniezno Lake District
Opis:
This paper presents the results of archaeological excavations at the burial mound cemetery used by a Wielbark culture community at Palędzie Kościelne, in the Gniezno Lake District. The sources provide further contribution to a better understanding of the funeral rites of the communities occupying north-east Wielkopolska during the Roman Iron Age.
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2016, 21; 459-490
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O Gotach w gazecie – czyli znane i nieznane informacje o grobach kultury wielbarskiej z miejscowości Sławianowo w pow. złotowskim
Goths in a Gazette – Known and Unknown Information About the Wielbark Culture Graves from Sławianowo in the County of Złotów
Autorzy:
Kokowski, Andrzej
Niemirowski, Wieńczysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-20
Wydawca:
Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:
kultura wielbarska
Goci
okres przedrzymski
uzbrojenie
prasa
Wielbark Culture
the Goths
Pre-Roman Period
weaponry
newspapers
Opis:
Na podstawie analizy treści notatki zamieszczonej 9 sierpnia 1937 roku w „Oder-Zeitung“, wprowadzono do obiegu naukowe trzy nieznane dotąd odkrycia archeologiczne: grób kultury wielbarskiej z fazy B2a z miejscowości Sławianowo; skarb brązowych przedmiotów z młodszej epoki brązu z miejscowości Stare Gronowo i cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej z miejscowości Stobno. Znaleziska z pierwszej z wymienionych miejscowości posłużyły do weryfikacji wcześniejszych dokonanych tam odkryć, często mylnie cytowanych w literaturze. Ustalono, że nie można wykluczyć, iż na terenie tej miejscowości istniały dwie nekropolie kultury wielbarskiej. Postawiono też znak zapytania przy interpretacji kulturowej pochówków inhumacyjnych odsłoniętych w roku 1907, podważając ich wielbarską interpretację. Udowodniono, że groty znalezione w Sławianowie przed rokiem 1907 nie są, jak przyjęto, elementami uzbrojenia kultury wielbarskiej i należy je datować na młodszy okres przedrzymski. W związku z tym zweryfikowano informacje na temat osadnictwa w tym okresie nad środkową Notecią (na odcinku po-między Drawą i Łobżonką), wskazując na znacznie więcej stanowisk, niż sądzi się w najnowszej literaturze (Ryc. 2). W nowym zestawieniu znalazło się 16 odkryć, które można powiązać z kulturą jastorfską, oraz cztery dalsze z dużym prawdopodobieństwem ją reprezentujące. Zestawiono również 13 stano-wisk, które mogą reprezentować aktywność osadniczą z czasów złożenia do ziemi grotów ze Sławianowa. Określenie kulturowe tych znalezisk pozostawiono, póki co, otwartym. Wykazano ponownie, że środkowy odcinek doliny Noteci jest ciągle nierozpoznaną strefą kulturową o niezwykle atrakcyjnym potencjale poznawczym, szczególnie dla czasów pomiędzy zanikiem kultury pomorskiej a momentem zasiedlenia jej przez ludność kultury wielbarskiej. Zniszczenia wojenne boleśnie dotknęły zasoby muzealne i archiwa przechowujące informacje o działalności archeologów. Analizowana notatka prasowa jest potwierdzeniem dla tezy o niedocenionej wartości publikacji prasowych dla rekonstrukcji utraconej w ten sposób wiedzy nie tylko o zabytkach, ale również dla śledzenia dziejów badań archeologicznych i rozwoju dyscypliny.
By analysing the contents of a note published in the “Oder-Zeitung” newspaper on 9 August 1937, three hitherto unknown archaeological discoveries have been introduced into scientific circulation: a Wielbark Culture grave from phase B2a from Sławianowo, a hoard of bronze objects from the Late Bronze Age from Stare Gronowo and a Lusatian Culture cemetery from Stobno. The finds from the first of the abovementioned localities were used to cross-check the earlier discoveries from the village in question, often erroneously quoted in the literature. It has been concluded that it cannot be ruled out that two Wielbark Culture cemeteries existed in this locality. A question mark was also placed over the Wielbark culture interpretation of the inhumation burials uncovered in 1907. It has been proven that the spearheads found in Sławianowo before 1907 are not, as it was assumed, elements of Wielbark Culture weaponry and should instead be dated to the Late Pre-Roman Period. Therefore, the information about settlement by the Middle Noteć River (between the rivers Drawa and Łobżonka) in that period has been re-checked, pointing to many more sites than it is believed in the latest literature (Fig. 2). The new compilation includes 16 discoveries that can be linked to the Jastorf culture, and four more that likely represent it. Also included are 13 sites that may represent settlement activity from the time when the Sławianowo spearheads were deposited. The issue of the cultural attribution of these finds has been, for the time being, left open. It has been shown once more that the central section of the Noteć Valley is still an unexplored cultural zone with an extremely attractive research potential, especially in regard to the time between the disappearance of the Pomeranian Culture and the point when it was settled by the Wielbark Culture people. The devastation of war painfully affected museum collections and archives storing information on the activities of archaeologists. The analysed press release confirms the thesis of an underestimated value of press publications, not only for reconstructing the lost knowledge about artefacts but also for tracing the history of archaeological research and the development of this discipline.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2021, LXXII, 72; 145-158
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe materiały kultury wielbarskiej z Pojezierza Iławskiego – Jawty Wielkie, pow. iławski
New materials of the Wielbark Culture in the Iława Lakeland - Jawty Wielkie, Iława County
Autorzy:
Baczewski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-20
Wydawca:
Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:
kultura wielbarska
okres wpływów rzymskich
znaleziska luźne
kurhany
Wielbark Culture
Roman Period
stray finds
burial mounds
Opis:
Stanowisko w Jawtach Wielkich zostało zlokalizowane w maju 2015 roku po przekazaniu informacji przez lokalnego mieszkańca do stowarzyszenia miłośników historii. Po przeprowadzeniu poszukiwań we wskazanym miejscu odnaleziono zabytki archeologiczne. Przekazany do Muzeum Warmii i Mazur zbiór liczył 51 przedmiotów wykonanych głównie ze stopu miedzi. Jedynym wyjątkiem była żelazna brzytwa. W skład zbioru wchodzi ponadto: 25 zapinek, 11 bransolet, 5 sprzączek, 2 okucia końca pasa oraz ostroga. Pozostałą część materiału stanowią przedmioty, które ze względu na stan lub fragmentaryczność zachowania nie mogą być jednoznacznie zinterpretowane. Zabytki zostały podjęte z niewielkiej głębokości, maksymalnie dochodzącej do kilkunastu centymetrów. Niektóre z nich noszą ślady przepalenia. Widoczne na powierzchni przedmiotów są również ślady intensywnie czarnej ziemi oraz węgli. Opisywane stanowisko należy łączyć z ludnością kultury wielbarskiej. Wskazuje na to spektrum pozyskanych zabytków, które wykonane są w zdecydowanej większości ze stopów miedzi i stanowią głównie ozdoby. Zabytki datowane są od okresu wpływów rzymskich do okresu wędrówek ludów. W tym czasie obszar Pojezierza Iławskiego zajęty był przez ludność wskazanego ugrupowania kulturowego. Stanowisko było wykorzystywane jako nekropola. Świadczyć o tym mogą, wspomniane wyżej, ślady spalenizny oraz pozostałości węgli na zabytkach. W tym aspekcie interesująca wydaje się także obecność w północnej części stanowiska grupy niewielkich wzniesień o dosyć regularnej, okrągłej podstawie, które swoim kształtem i wielkością mogą przypominać nasypy kurhanowe. Najstarszym zabytkiem w zbiorze jest fibula A.III.53 będąca wyznacznikiem fazy B1b. Zapinki tego typu do tej pory nie były znane z terenów Pojezierza Iławskiego, które jest częścią tzw. strefy D osadnictwa ludności kultury wielbarskiej. Według ustaleń R. Wołągiewicza obszar ten miał zostać zasiedlony w fazie B2b, jednak na podstawie wspomnianej zapinki oczkowatej serii głównej, a także niedawno opublikowanych odkryć z Bajd, Przezmarka i Zawady, wydaje się prawdopodobne, że sporadyczna penetracja tych ziem przez ludność kultury wielbarskiej zaczęła się wcześniej, w fazie B1. Na podstawie całego zbioru zabytków można również stwierdzić, że cmentarzysko było nieprzerwanie użytkowane do wczesnego okresu wędrówek ludów. Najmłodszym przedmiotem w kolekcji jest dziobowate okucie końca pasa. Interesująco przedstawia się kwestia nasypów ziemnych o okrągłych podstawach położonych na terenie, na którym zostały odkryte zabytki. Należy rozstrzygnąć czy grupa wspomnianych obiektów jest formą naturalną czy pochodzenia antropogenicznego. Przy przyjęciu drugiego założenia pojawia się również problem ustalenia bezpośredniej atrybucji kulturowej. Analiza wykazała, że konstrukcje te najbardziej przypominają kurhany znane z cmentarzysk wielbarskich. Nie można jednak wykluczyć, że konstrukcje te zostały wzniesione przez starsze kultury archeologiczne – grupę warmińsko-mazurską kultury łużyckiej lub kulturę kurhanów zachodniobałtyjskich. Rozstrzygnięcie tego problemu mogą przynieść wyłączne weryfikacyjne badania wykopaliskowe.
The site at Jawty Wielkie, located in the Iława Lakeland in northern Poland (Fig. 1), was discovered in May 2015. A search carried out with the use of metal detectors yielded 50 copper-alloy artefacts (including 25 brooches, 11 bracelets, five belt buckles, two strap-ends and a spur) and an iron razor (Figs. 4–9). The finds were transferred to the collection of the Museum of Warmia and Masuria in Olsztyn. Some of the artefacts bear traces of burning; on several objects, traces of intensely black earth and charcoal have been preserved. These traces, as well as the structure of the discovered artefact assemblage, indicate that the site was used as a cemetery. The vast majority of the artefacts date to the Roman Period and the early phase of the Migration Period. At that time, the area of the Iława Lakeland belonged to the so-called zone D of the Wielbark Culture settlement. The oldest confidently dated artefact is a fibula of type A.III.53 (Fig. 4:1), which is a marker of phase B1b. What is interesting is that, until now, no brooches of this type were known from the area in question. Zone D was thought to not have been settled until stage B2b, however, the aforementioned brooch as well as the recently published, similarly dated finds from Bajdy, Przezmark and Zawada (A. Cieśliński 2020) indicate that the penetration of the Iława Lakeland by the people of the Wielbark Culture began earlier, in stage B1. The youngest artefact in the assemblage is a beak-shaped strap-end (Fig. 6:32), indicating that the cemetery was (continuously?) used until the early phase of the Migration Period. While the iron razor has analogies in the material of the Oksywie Culture from the Late Pre-Roman Period, no sites of this culture are known from the vicinity of Jawty Wielkie. In the northern part of the site, there is a group of small hills with a fairly regular, round bases, which resemble barrow mounds in shape and size (Fig. 10). Although the characteristics of these “tumuli” indicate that they are most similar to the mounds known from Wielbark culture cemeteries, it cannot be ruled out that they were built earlier – in the later phases of the Bronze Age or in the Early Iron Age. It is only possible to reject their later, early medieval provenance. The issue can only be resolved via archaeological excavations.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2021, LXXII, 72; 179-193
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O śmierci bez przesady. Próba zastosowania podejścia technologicznego w archeologicznych badaniach nad śmiercią
On death with no exaggeration. A technological approach to the study of death
Autorzy:
Chmiel-Chrzanowska, Marta
Adamczyk, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
Tematy:
teoria archeologii
archeologia śmierci
badania technologiczne
kultura wielbarska
archaeological theory
archaeological of death
technological research
Wielbark Culture
Opis:
Abstract: The paper focuses on death and its place in archaeology. It summarises the different approaches in interdisciplinary research. The main point is a proposal of a new research method, based on the concepts chaîne opératoire and schéma opératoire. This technological approach is presented using the example of six Wielbarkian graves. The authors developed a standardized form, which could be used for the description and analysis of a wide range of phenomenon related to mortuary practises in the past.
Źródło:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2015, 11; 7-32
0076-5236
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trup nieobecny?... czyli o brakujących szczątkach kostnych w grobach kultury wielbarskiej
The corpse missing?... Or, missing bone remains in graves of the Wielbark Culture
Autorzy:
Skóra, Kalina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
kultura wielbarska
rytuały pogrzebowe
kenotafy
groby symboliczne
analizy antropologiczne
the Wielbark Culture
funerary rituals
cenotaphs
symbolic graves
anthropological analyses
Opis:
In cemeteries of the Wielbark Culture we notice inhumation or cremation graves, in which there are either no human bones, or merely a small part of them (cenotaphs, symbolic graves, partial burials). This paper discusses reasons behind this absence. First of all, we face the following problem: do we observe a custom of commemoration of the absent dead in the funeral rite, or is it rather our present-day cultural construct? At the moment, it seems rather impossible to correctly describe this phenomenon and to identify its scope. It is first of all natural causes leading to a decomposition of the skeleton that can be made responsible for the absence of bones in the grave. On the other hand, a custom of commemorating of the absent dead must be considered. This custom is testified to in many societies, regardless of their level of civilisation. A death in circumstances which render a burial by relatives or in a home cemetery impossible is not an uncommon phenomenon, especially in turbulent times of military conflicts or in periods of migrations. An empty grave can also be a result of exhumation, undertaken for many a reason: migration and a need for transposition of remains, annihilation of remains of the dead due to personal animosities, for the purpose of political or religious ostentation, post mortem penal activities or anti-vampire practices. A removal of the dead from the grave can be an element of actions which are included in the term of damnatio memoriae. Throwing away of the dead from their places of rest can be a result of new orders, be it political or social ones. Bodies may have also been removed during a robbery. The paper also discusses the issue of a too small weight of burnt human bones which found their way to cremation graves in cemeteries of the Wielbark Culture. The average weight of bones calculated for all the cemeteries which were included in the analysis (from 8.7 g – Kutowa, to 1092 g – Grębocin) significantly differs from expected values (c. 1.5-3 kg, depending on the age and sex). An analogously low result was received for mass graves, where the presence of bones of two (usually) or more dead persons (sporadically) was identified. A low weight of bones in cremation graves can also be due to circumstances and ways of cremation or to taphonomic processes. Another possibility implies that only part of ashes was put into the grave, while for the remaining such as, among others, storing in houses or scattering in various places: in necropoles, throwing into watercourses (as a particular form of sacrifice), a burial of the dead in several graves, deposition in the border space of inhabited places, scattering in the landscape or division of remains between mourners as a physical trace of memory. One of possible reasons for scattering of burnt remains may be a need for a quicker physical destruction of the body. In some cultures this is a condition for a transformation of the dead and obtaining of the status of an ancestor. An overview of discoveries from cemeteries of the Wielbark Culture demonstrated a complexity of interpretation problems. The eponymous issue calls for a development and precise research at the level of individual cemeteries, for, e.g., geochemical examinations of contents of grave pits and the help of anthropology in explanations of proposed hypotheses.
Źródło:
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia; 2014, 60; 45-68
0065-0986
2451-0300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapinka Almgren 18b z miejscowości Przezmark, pow. sztumski – ponowne spojrzenie
Almgren brooch 18b from the village of Przezmark, Sztumski poviat – another look
Autorzy:
Chrupek, Sebastian D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28761686.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-05-31
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
kultura oksywska
kultura wielbarska
importy rzymskie
Pojezierze Iławskie
kontakty ponadregionalne
Oksywie culture
Wielbark culture
Roman imports
Iława Lake District
supra-regional contacts
Opis:
W 2017 r. członkowie stowarzyszenia „Galea” w okolicy Przezmarka, pow. sztumski, odkryli szereg zabytków archeologicznych. Wśród nich wyróżnia się zachowana fragmentarycznie zapinka wykonana ze stopu miedzi (Ryc. 1). Reprezentuje ona rzadki w skali europejskiej typ Almgren 18b w typologii T. Völlinga (przyp. 6) datowany na przełom er (przyp. 9-11). Z tego powodu, zapinki te na ziemiach polskich stanowią najwcześniejsze importy rzymskie (przyp. 12) napływające tzw. szlakiem bursztynowym (przyp. 14). Nieliczne zespoły grobowe wyposażone w takie zapinki z ziemi chełmińskiej wpisują się także w rozbudowaną problematykę przemian tzw. typu wielbarskiego zachodzących w obrębie osadnictwa kultury oksywskiej (przyp. 16, 17, 18, 19). Fibula A.18b z Przezmarka stanowi także najwcześniejsze i najdalej wysunięte na północny-wschód od dolnej Wisły znalezisko (Ryc. 2; przyp. 26).
In 2017 members of the association “Galea” in the surroundings of Przezmark, Sztumski poviat, discovered a number of archaeological monuments. Among them, a fragmentary clasp made of a copper alloy stands out (Fig. 1). It represents the rare European type Almgren 18b in the typology of T. Völling dated to the turn of the era. For this reason, these brooches in Poland are the earliest Roman imports, incoming along the so-called amber trail. The few grave complexes equipped with such clasps from the Chełmno land also fit into the extensive problem of transformation of the so-called Wielbark type taking place within the settlement of the Oksywie culture. Fibula Almgren 18b from Przezmark is also the earliest and furthest north-east of the lower Vistula find (Fig. 2).
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2023, 320, 1; 151-160
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Głos tradycji. Cmentarzysko z okresu wpływów rzymskich w Wyszomierzu Wielkim, pow. zambrowski
The Voice of Tradition. A Cemetery from the Roman Period at Wyszomierz Wielki, Zambrów County
Autorzy:
Rakowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:
okres wpływów rzymskich
kultura wielbarska
cmentarzyska
groby z bronią
gry planszowe
Roman Period
Wielbark Culture
cemeteries
weapon graves
board games
Opis:
The site at Wyszomierz Wielki, Zambrów County, is located on the border of the Northern Mazovian Lowland and North Podlasie Lowland in NE Poland. A cemetery from the Roman Period was situated at the edge of a vast wet meadow north-west of the village and south of a kame-moraine forming the characteristic landscape of this area – a cluster of longitudinal elevations called Czerwony Bór (Fig. 1). Rescue excavations at the site took place in 2015 during works preceding the expansion of the European route E67, the so-called Via Baltica (Fig. 2). The cemetery is interesting and unusual in many ways. It was located not on the top of the local elevation, which is common for Mazovian cemeteries from that period, but on a slope of a smaller nearby hill (Fig. 1, 3). It is also surprisingly small – 12 cremation graves, located on the NE-SW line, with a length of about 30 m, were discovered there. Some of the graves seem to be paired (features 138 and 139, 109A and 109B, 236 and 108, and 110 and 111) (Fig. 21:A). Eleven graves, including those with Almgren 41 type brooches (Fig. 4:1, 9:5.6, 10:5.6, 11:3.4, 13:1–4), one-layer combs of the Thomas AI type and antler pins (Fig. 4:3, 9:2, 10:1.9, 11:5), should be dated to phase B2/C1–C1a, i.e. the oldest horizon of the Wielbark Culture in Mazovia and Podlachia. The lack of inhumation burials is also characteristic of this initial phase, which corresponds to the historical migration of the Gothic tribes. The grave goods and results of anthropological bone analysis allow us to conclude that a man (feature 139) and women (features 109A, 111, 227 and 228, possibly also features 108 and 235) were probably buried there; feature 235 also contained the bones of a newborn, which may suggest the burial of a woman who died in childbirth. A several-year-old child was buried separately, in feature 229. The sex of the deceased from three graves (features 138, 109B and 236) cannot be determined (Fig. 21:B). The most interesting feature is the richly furnished grave of a warrior, who died at the age of about 40 (feature 110) (Fig. 5–8). Iron shield fittings, including a ritually destroyed boss with a blunt spike of type Jahn 7a and an iron grip with simple, undefined plates of type Jahn 9/Zieling V2 from the 5th and 6th group of armaments according to K. Godłowski and dated to phase B2/C1–C1a, were found in the grave. The most interesting elements of weaponry, with Scandinavian references, are a spearhead with the blade constricted in the middle, corresponding to spearheads of type 6 from a bog deposit from Illerup, Jutland, and a bent javelin head with large, asymmetrical barbs, whose curved ends point towards the socket, corresponding to type 8 of spearheads from Illerup, i.e. of the Scandinavian Simris type. In the areas north of the Baltic Sea, both of these types are dated to phase C1. Fragments of two rings made of deer antlers and delicate trough-shaped fittings made of copper alloy, probably from the edge of a decorative waist belt, are the only decorations and dress accessories found in the grave (Fig. 7:15–18). Two glass counters (Fig. 7:13.14, 15:8.9), and possibly traces of the third one (Fig. 7:10) are probably all that remains of a larger set, while a few iron fittings are most likely parts of a wooden folding game board. The ring and handle were probably used to open and close the board, while two corner fittings must have strengthened its edges (Fig. 7:7.10–12, 15:5). Similar objects, in addition to a full (?) set of counters, were found in the late Roman grave 41 from Simris in Scania, where a warrior was also buried (Fig. 16:1.2)62. Although no board hinges, as the ones known from the ‘Doctor’s grave’ from Stanway, SE England (Fig. 16:4–8), dating to the middle of the 1st century CE64, dating to the middle of the 1st century CE, were found in the grave from Wyszomierz Wielki, it seems that the two ornamental iron fittings attached with three rivets each could have fastened a leather belt that acted as such a hinge (Fig. 7:8.9, 15:4). This is supported by the shape and width of the fittings, and by the number of rivets, suggesting that they pressed against some not preserved element. Carefully bent nails of the handle, corner fittings and alleged hinges may indicate that the board formed a kind of a ‘container’ for counters when folded (Fig. 17). Fragments of an imported vessel of the terra sigillata type were also found in the grave (Fig. 8:19,15:6.7). The vessel that served as a cinerary urn (Fig. 8:20, 13:5) was wheel-made, i.e. made using a technique that was only just beginning to come into use in the lands north of the Carpathians in phase B2/C1–C1a93.95.96. The burial from feature 110 shows features characteristic of the Przeworsk Culture – primarily, the set of ritually destroyed weapons, although it should be noted that both spearheads are not typical of this culture 72.73.80. In phase B2/C1-C1a, only relicts of the settlement of the Przeworsk Culture, identified with the ‘Vandal’ peoples, were present in right-bank Mazovia, and the population of this culture had been replaced by the people of the Wielbark Culture, identified with the ‘Gothic’ tribes. It is then possible – as the other graves from this cemetery, undoubtedly attributed to the Wielbark Culture, seem to indicate – that it is a rare case of a burial with a weapon of a ‘Gothic’ warrior of this particular culture. Although Wielbark weaponry is very poorly known, it has Scandinavian references in the Late Roman Period123. The man buried in this grave, most likely a member of the local elite, must have been affiliated with an older cultural tradition. What is more, this tradition still had to be legible and acceptable for the people organising funerary rituals. Grave 110 from Wyszomierz Wielki is another of the burials from the end of the Early Roman/beginning of the Late Roman Period, combining features of the Przeworsk and Wielbark Cultures, that are being discovered more and more often in eastern Mazovia and Podlachia128–130 and constitute an important contribution to the study of the processes of cultural (and political) change that took place in Barbaricum during this turbulent period.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXXI, 71; 319-353
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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