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Tytuł:
Definitions and Legal Aspects of the Term “War” and the Related Terms
Autorzy:
Kołodziejczak, Malwina Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
war
time of war
state of war
legal definitions
Opis:
Normative acts applicable in the Republic of Poland do not lack a multitude of formulations of terms such as: war, state of war or time of war. The lack of legally binding definitions and the inconsistency of the use of identical definitions lead to different, often contradictory interpretations of particular situations, which may have different legal consequences. Only a precise and detailed definition of these concepts, preferably by incorporating them into national or international law, would dispel many doubts and close the way to sometimes contradictory interpretations, which is particularly important for security and defence concepts and issues. Therefore, in this paper the author will present definitions and regulations resulting from Polish legal acts, relating to war, war time and the state of war.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 4; 39-50
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zbrodnie wojenne, represalia i zakładnicy w wojnie secesyjnej (1861–1865)
Autorzy:
Niewiński, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621813.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
American Civil War, war crimes
Opis:
The Civil War started on Friday, 12 April 1861 with an attack of the Confederate artillery on federal Fort Sumter (Charleston, South Carolina). The conflict ended on 9 April 1865 as a result of the surrender of the main army of the South under General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House. It was a total war. Almost 4 million men were mobilised on both sides of the conflict. In the four years of warfare almost 620,000 human lives were lost (more than in all other wars conducted by the US put together). During the Civil War, prisoners of war were imprisoned in at least 223 camps. The majority of them were temporary. On the other hand, more than 90% of prisoners of war were detained in the twenty biggest camps and the highest numbers of deaths were recorded there. In this article I present cases of: war crimes committed on prisoners of war (the Fort Pillow Massacre, Kinston Massacre, etc.) and reprisals against them (Privateers Case, Kilpatrick- -Dahlgren Raid) and taking hostages (Corbin-McGraw Case, Immortal Six Hundred).
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2011, 10; 71-97
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Security Policy and Changing the Nature of the Conflict after the End of the Cold War Rivalry
Autorzy:
Korczyc, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1808042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-21
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
new war
Liberia
conflict
Cold War
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to try to determine the essence of the new face of armed conflict. Liberia is the main point of reference in the analysis for two reasons. Firstly, Liberia is the oldest independent republic on the African continent and its establishing is linked to paradoxical events begun in 1821, when black people settling in the vicinity of Monrovia, former slaves liberated from South American cotton plantations, reconstructed a slave-like type of society, taking local, poorly organised tribes as their subjects. Secondly, Liberia proves that the intensity of changes in armed conflict does not have to be strictly dependent on the size of the land: a country of small geographical size can equal or even exceed countries with several times larger surface in terms of features of “new wars”. In 1989 in Liberia, the nine-year presidency of Samuel Doe, characterised by exceptional ineptitude and bloody terror, led to the outbreak of clashes between government forces and the opposition from National Patriotic Front of Liberia, led by Charles Taylor. Thus, the first civil war in Liberia was begun, that lasted until 1997 and became an arena of mass violations of human rights, leaving behind 150,000 dead victims and about 850,000 refugees to neighbouring countries.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2019, 30(30); 22-39
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cultural projects as a tool of anthropological defense : Ukrainian example
Autorzy:
Korzeniowska-Bihun, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833751.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Wiedzy Obronnej
Tematy:
war
Ukraine
military anthropology
hybrid war
Opis:
The article presents an anthropological defense's practical dimension on cultural activities observed during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The paper's primary hypothesis is to deliver anthropological defense strategic objectives from a country's perspective at war. The adopted view refers to hybrid warfare and hybrid threats. The goals are as follows: 1) documentation objective, 2) therapeutic objective, 3) ideological objective, 4) diplomatic objective. A structured, consistent defense line allows creating a shared narrative by dividing society as the Ukrainian one. All actions in terms of anthropological defense refer to the values shared by the majority of citizens. Nevertheless, anthropological defense tools' choice and use must be strategically conditioned, i.e., other benefits for cinematography, theater, and fine arts. For an action to be practical cooperation between self-governing assemblages (such as volunteers, artists, art curators) and state actors must be established. The cooperation ctivities undertaken are complementary and complementary and can, therefore, be remarkably efficient.
Źródło:
Wiedza Obronna; 2021, 1; 35--47
0209-0031
2658-0829
Pojawia się w:
Wiedza Obronna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czekając na niemieckiego hegemona. Otto von Gierke i koncepcja wojny narzuconej.
Waiting for German Hegemon. Otto von Gierke and the “Imposed War” Concept
Autorzy:
Kopczyński, Mariusz
Tulejski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596217.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
Otto von Gierke; just war; World War I; imposed war
Opis:
The questions about the causes of the Great War and the responsibility for its outbreak have been the subject of discussion and controversies for one hundred years. In the article, the Authors analyse the concept of the renowned German professor of law Otto von Gierke, who is his three wartime writings presented the original concept of the imposed war. In his opinion, the stance of the Entente states forced Germany to take aggressive actions, which for him were fully justified. As the authors demonstrate, von Gierke claims that such a war must be treated as a just war, in that sense that it is a war between Germany, which represents civilisation, and the anti-civilised allies. Due to this, only a German victory might guarantee a just order to Europe and the whole world. This German peace should influence the fate of the whole continent for a long time. It should also correspond with the worldwide German aspiration as well as with the interest of mankind in abstracto.
Przyczyny Wielkiej Wojny i odpowiedzialność za wybuch ogólnoświatowego konfliktu od stu lat są przedmiotem dyskusji i kontrowersji. W swoim artykule autorzy analizują stanowisko słynnego niemieckiego profesora prawa Otto von Gierke, który w swych trzech pismach wojennych przedstawił oryginalną koncepcję wojny narzuconej. W jego opinii to postawa państw Ententy zmusiła Niemcy do agresywnych poczynań, które jednak są dla niego w pełni uzasadnione. Jak dowodzą autorzy, dla von Gierke wojnę taką należy traktować jako wojnę sprawiedliwą w tym sensie, że jest to wojna pomiędzy reprezentującymi cywilizację Niemcami a antycywilizacyjnymi siłami mocarstw sprzymierzonych. Dlatego tylko zwycięstwo Niemiec może dać Europie i światu sprawiedliwy porządek. Ten niemiecki pokój miał rozstrzygnąć na długi czas o losach całego kontynentu i korespondować zarówno ze światowymi aspiracjami niemczyzny, jak i z interesami in abstracto pojętej ludzkości.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2018, 107; 63-82
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The help, care and lifesaving in Poland in the war and occupation period (1939–1945). An outline
Autorzy:
Wiesław, Theiss,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-16
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
Second World War
war crimes against children
war childhood
help
care and lifesaving during war (“lifeline”)
Opis:
The article is an attempt to outline the issue of help, care and lifesaving of the children in Poland in the war and occupation period (1939–1945). This attempt focuses on the following areas: individual trauma, population losses, the situation of danger, social solidarity, and actions of helping children. The article describes the main areas of war dangers and crimes committed against the children, and also the range and forms of helping children (institutional and individual). Apart from informative and ordering aims, the text signals the need of pedagogical-historical research on the history of childhood, seen from the perspective of the Second World War and occupation in the years 1939–1945.
Źródło:
Praca Socjalna; 2018, 33(1); 27-42
0860-3480
Pojawia się w:
Praca Socjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between Genocide and War Crime – Legal-Cultural Analysis of the Russian Aggression in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Siekiera, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40250200.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Ukraine
Russia
war
war crime
genocide
Opis:
The cultural context, where two neighboring Slavic nations are in a state of war and the Russian imperialistic approach has never gone away for good, must be taken seriously into consideration. The international legal analysis of the Russo-Ukrainian war is not enough to truly understand the essence – rationale – of this armed conflict and then to find a solution to how to solve it and punish the perpetrator – the Russian Federation. The arguments gathered here by the author come from her own experience during trips to Russia and Ukraine, as well as military courses facilitation where students are taught that in modern warfighting it becomes more and more valid to change the (Western) lens and begin thinking as the perpetrator does. Only then we are objectively able to see and understand if the atrocities committed by Russian troops in Ukraine bear the hallmarks of a war crime or an act of genocide.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, Special Issue; 55-76
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Z Ziemi włoskiej do Polski. Cmentarz Żołnierzy Włoskich we Wrocławiu z okresu pierwszej wojny światowej i jego dalsze losy
From the Italian Land to Poland . the Italian Military Cemetery of World War I in Wrocław
Autorzy:
Trzaskowska, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/446496.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Italian prisoners of war
First World War
war cemetery
exhumation
Lower Silesia
Opis:
The article deals with a little-known subject of the Italian Military Cemetery in Wrocław with the graves of soldiers from World War I. It is the only preserved Italian necropolis from that period in Poland. It was established in the 1920s in the District of Grabiszyn at the Italian Government’s suggestion. The cemetery includes the collective graves of Italian POWs who had died in German captivity in 1917–1919. The opening ceremony of this necropolis, together with its consecration, took place on November 2nd, 1928. The soldiers’ graves are situated in four sections located around a central point. They are also commemorated in the form of an obelisk. Between 1943 and 1945 another 48 victims of World War II were buried, among them some Italian POWs and a number of civilians. In 1957 their remains were exhumed and transferred to the Italian Military Cemetery in Warsaw. The only graves which remain in Wrocław were the graves of the World War I soldiers, among others of those who fought at Caporetto, the battle which started their prisoners’ way, finally ending in Polish Wroclaw.
Źródło:
Italica Wratislaviensia; 2014, 5; 207-219
2084-4514
Pojawia się w:
Italica Wratislaviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The U.S. Economic War under the Donald Trump Administration
Autorzy:
Furgacz, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31341245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
U.S.
economic war
trade war
financial war
sanction
Donald Trump
Opis:
Though the use of economic war for realization of U.S. policy goals has a long history, it seems that the former U.S. president Donald Trump was definitely inclined to resort to this instrument of foreign policy more often and on bigger scale than his predecessors. The economic war appeared to be the favourite foreign policy tool of the Donald Trump. The Trump presidential administration clearly preferred economic over conventional war. The White House under the Trump was determined to withdraw its military involvement in the Middle East and other regions of the globe replacing it with severe economic pressure on its opponents and adversaries. The tools of economic war – primarily economic sanctions – were employed by Washington in recent years against the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Turkey and Venezuela. Over the decades the U.S. intelligence community mastered the economic war tools to provoke bank runs, increased inflation, currency collapse, and shortages of crucial imported products or the combination of the above mentioned things for the purpose of destabilization of targeted economies and regimes. Washington particularly often takes advantage of the dominant position of U.S. dollar in the global economy and its control of the global dollar financial transfers system as a powerful economic weapon. However, the frequent usage of this weapon makes the targeted states inclined to de-dollarize as far as possible and as quickly as possible, which would be unbeneficial to the U.S. eventually.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2023, XX, 2; 79-100
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian-ukrainian war as the strategy of Ukrainian statehood destruction
Російсько-українська війна як стратегія знищення української державності
Autorzy:
Poiarkova, Tetiana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1202458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
Russian-Ukrainian war,
hybrid war,
conflicts of low intensity,
“new war”,
second front
Opis:
In the article the problem to determine the nature, peculiarities of origin and means to overcome military conflicts like Russian-Ukrainian war (have been continuing since 2014) is studied. Modern scientific approaches to understanding of modern wars’ essence such as the theory of “hybrid wars”, “conflicts of low intensity”, “privatized wars”, рost-modern conflict and degenerate warfare are analyzed. Special attention is given to M. Kaldor’s conception of “new war” and the unusual character of modern wars is emphasized, when elements of partisan confrontation and international warring parties are combined. In reality it is impossible to distinguish civilian population from warring parties. A very important feature is the formation of new forces, which are decentralized and consist of many different types (para-military secessionist units, local field commanders, mercenaries and regular armies). The author gives special consideration to such nuance of Russian-Ukrainian war as the destruction of Ukrainian statehood by the Russian Federation (RF) using not only the external front but the inner one. In the article the influence of the RF on home Ukrainian problems is proposed to study in three projections: political, economic and cultural. At the same time the accent is made on the RF’s using of democratic Ukrainian procedures and institutions for Russia’s benefit. As to the economic component, Russia holds an interest in creating of additional expenses for Ukraine because of: 1) population that in fact is in occupation (social services: pensions, indemnities for health and home losses, etc.); 2) destruction of infrastructure in occupied regions; 3) works in territories under the RF’s control. The cultural changes, which help Russia in the war confrontation, are emphasized. Firstly, it is the formation of a separate regional identity (prevailing over the state one) in the occupied territories. Secondly, there are strained relations (between Russians and Ukrainians, parishioners of the Moscow and Kiev Patriarchate, age strata, etc.). Thirdly, gradual destruction of “new” Ukrainian heroes’ (soldier of Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO)) images is conducted. Fourthly, they consolidate negative images of local population of the ‘LPR’-‘DPR’, who couldn’t defend the independence of their region and now make additional budgetary loadings. Reasons of Russia entry into the war against Ukraine are also analyzed in the article. These reasons are: overdependence of Russian economic system from external world, fatal developmental scientific lag. The author indicates that concentration of social attention on the war let mobilize Russian society to struggle against common enemy, level the aftermath of hydrocarbon era and inevitable social and economic polarization of Russian society. The following aspects are treated by the author as the aftermath of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict: 1) compensation of total government ownership and encroachment on rights ands freedoms of Russian citizens by means of felling like “the great nation” as the result of the of Ukrainian territory seizure (the Crimea); 2) creation of a precedent to reconsider post-World War II agreements. In the conclusions of the article it is indicated that the most acceptable for the RF variant of further Russian-Ukrainian conflict is its tailing. The existence of the “grey zone” (the ‘LPR and the ‘DPR’) is advantageous in long-term perspective: to make up economic losses; to draw dividends from the opportunity to influence Ukraine the opportunities to reallocate areas of influence in world politics.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2017, 7; 114-120
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rhetorical continuity and shifts in war messages: George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush on Iraq
Autorzy:
Rzepecka, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
war
rhetoric
Gulf War
Iraq War
George H.W. Bush
George W. Bush
Opis:
This article focuses on rhetorical continuity and shifts in the use of the genre of American war rhetoric. Drawing on Lloyd Bitzer’s understanding of the rhetorical situation, the article analyses the political circumstances in which George H. W. Bush in 1991 and George W. Bush in 2002 constructed and delivered their messages. It then examines and compares the addresses for particular typologies of war rhetoric as defined by Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson and by Edward J. Lordan. With the rhetorical elements identified, the article discusses the implications of the adherence to and departures from the genre’s criteria for presidential war discourse.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2017, 10, 2 (19); 226-238
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grób wojenny Fryderyka Szulca – żołnierza 15. pułku piechoty „Wilków” i jeńca wojennego we wrześniu 1939 r. oraz jego poszukiwania na wrocławskich cmentarzach
The war grave of Fryderyk Szulc – a soldier of the „Wilków” 15th Infantry Regiment and prisoner of war in September 1939, and the search for it in Wrocław’s cemeteries
Autorzy:
Trzaskowska, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2185236.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych. Instytut Historyczny
Tematy:
prisoners of war
war grave
cemetery
World War II
Wrocław
Lower Silesia
Opis:
The article addresses the issue of the graves of Polish prisoners of war buried in Lower Silesia from September 1939, which were liquidated after 1945. The memory of the deceased soldiers is still maintained by their families, who search for their final resting places. This issue is illustrated by the example of the Polish prisoner of war Fryderyk Szulc, who died in September 1939 in Wrocław. The unsuccessful efforts of his family in trying to find the place of his burial in Grabiszyn Cemetery are reconstructed.
Źródło:
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka; 2018, 73, 3; 97-122
0037-7511
2658-2082
Pojawia się w:
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transformacja mitu o bohaterstwie w rosyjskiej współczesnej prozie wojennej
Transformation of the myth of heroism in Russian contemporary war prose
Autorzy:
Borkowska, Aldona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/481951.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
war
hero
heroism
war prose
contemporary literature
Opis:
Contemporary “war prose” contains works on both the Second World War and the subsequent conflicts in Afghanistan and Chechnya. The aim of the article is to analyse the changes of the war hero myth in autobiographical texts of the wars’ participants. Among the authors are Oleg Yermakov, Zachar Prilepin, Arkady Babchenko. As we find out, the contemporary “war narrative” is interwoven with the lack of ideology and patriotic pathos. A soldier fails to accept his war; moreover, he questions the authorities in their decision to break out the military conflict. In these conditions, it is difficult to make heroic acts and sacrifice for the good of the homeland.
Źródło:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica; 2018, 3, XXIII; 19-30
1427-549X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Melchiora Wańkowicza dwa odmienne spojrzenia na Rosję
Melchior Wańkowicz in reportages on Russia
Autorzy:
Malcer-Zakrzacka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/545418.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
Tematy:
Non-fiction
war literature
Second World War
Opis:
Melchior Wańkowicz in reportages on Russia is about two non-fiction reportages about Russia: one written before the Second World War called Opierzona rewolucja and the other written during the war called Dzieje rodziny Korzeniewskich. There are two different, ambivalent views on communist system. The first one seems to be apologetic and appreciative for this, in writer's opinion, successful country and its people after communist revolution. Dzieje rodziny Korzeniewskich written in 1942, edited in English in New York in 1945 was one of the world's first non-fiction reportages which gives a report from Russian communist crime on Polish society exiled on northern and southern parts of Russia during the Second World War.
Źródło:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne; 2016, 5; 67-86
2353-4699
Pojawia się w:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Review: Anna Branach-Kallas and Piotr Sadkowski Comparing Grief in French, British and Canadian Great War Fiction (1977–2014) (Katarzyna Więckowska)
Autorzy:
Więckowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
The Great War
grief
trauma
French Great War fiction
Canadian Great War fiction
British Great War fiction
cultural memory
Opis:
Comparing Grief in French, British and Canadian Great War Fiction (1977–2014) (2018) by Anna Branach-Kallas and Piotr Sadkowski attests to the widespread and continuing impact of the First World War, which it examines in a selection of British, French, English-Canadian, and French-Canadian novels written in the last forty years. Signifi cantly, in contrast to the prevailing analytical framework, Branach-Kallas and Sadkowski do not focus on literary representations of combat and front life, but on texts that depict the long-lasting aftermath of the war in order to investigate the psychological and social eff ects of the confl ict and to inquire into why the war refuses to be buried in the past. Comparing Grief explores the “changed reality” after the Great War and analyses the cultural trauma produced by the war in France, Canada, and Britain, focusing on shell-shock and the ensuing disintegration of individual identity and communal bonds.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/3; 249-255
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 4146

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